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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Quadriceps Femoris (Anterior compartment)
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Origin: AIIS + reflected head form the upper acetabulum and hip joint capsule Insertion: Superior Patella Vastus Lateralis Origin: lateral lip of the linea aspera, extending to the base of the greater trochlanter Insertion: Lateral Patella Vastus Medialis Origin: Medial lip of the linea aspera, an area inferior to the lesser trochlanter and the intertrochlanteric line Insertion: Medial patella (important in maintaining stability) Vastus Intermedius Origin: Upper 2/3 of femoral shaft Insertion: Deep surface of the extensor quadriceps mechanism Innervation: Femoral Nerve branches Function: Knee extension (Rectus femoris is also a hip flexor) |
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Patellofemoral joint
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Knee extends - Slides superiorly Knee flexes - Slides inferiorly Lateral and upwards pull of the the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis is counteracted by the lowest fibres of vastus medialis and and the lateral femoral condyle |
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Sartorius (Anterior compartment)
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Insertion: Upper medial surface of the tibia (anterior to the insertions of gracilis and semitendinosus) Innervation: Femoral nerve Function: Combination of flexion and lateral rotation of the hip, knee flexion and medial rotation of the flexed knee (sitting cross legged) Misc: Longest muscle of the body |
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Adductor Magnus (Medial Compartment)
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Adductor Origin: Pubis and Ischiopubic ramus Additional Origin: Ischial tuberosity Adductor Insertion: Linea aspera Additional Insertion: Adductor tubercle on the medial femoral condyle Innervation: Obturator nerve (Ischial head supplied by tibial branches of the sciatic nerve) Function: Adduct the thigh Femoral artery runs lateral to the tendon to run from the anteromedial thigh to the popliteal fossa (where it is deep next to the bone) |
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Adductor Brevis
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Insertion: Linea aspera Innervation: Obturator nerve Function: Adduction of the thigh Seperates the 2 divisions of the obturator nerve |
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Adductor Longus
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Insertion: Linea aspera Innervation: Obturator nerve Function: Adduction of the hip Longer and thineer, lying more obliquely Medial border forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle |
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Gracilis (Medial Compartment of the thigh) |
Origin: Ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: Upper part of the tibial shaft (Posterior to sartorius and superior to semitendinosus) Innervation: Obturator nerve Function: Adduction of the hip and flexes the knee |
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Pectineus (Medial Compartment of the thigh)
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Origin: Pectineal line (Pubic bone) Insertion: Upper femur (medial to insertion of adductor brevis Innervation: Femoral Nerve Function: Adducts and flexes the hip |
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Tibialis Anterior
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Insertion: Medial aspect of the foot (Medial Cuneiform and the first metatarsal) Innervation: Deep branch of the common fibular nerve Function: Dorsiflexion and Inversion (subtalar joint) |
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
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Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe Innervation: Deep branch of the common fibular nerve Functions: Extension of the hallux an weak dorsiflexion at the ankle |
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Extensor digitorum longus
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Origin: Upper 2/3 of the naterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane Insertion: 4 Tendons into the base of the middle and distal phalenges of the lesser 4 toes Innervation: Deep branch of the common fibular nerve Function: Extension of the toes (except hallux) and weak dorsiflexion of the ankle |
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Fibularis Tertius
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Origin: Continuity of extensor digitorum longus Insertion: dorsal surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal Innervation: Deep branch of the common fibular nerve |
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Fibularis Longus |
Origin: Upper lateral fibular shaft Path: Behind lateral malleolus, grooves the cuboid and crosses the sole obliquely Insertion: Medial cuneiform and the bas of the first metatarsal Innervation: Superior branch of the Common fibular nerve Function: Eversion of the foot (subtalar joint), weak plantarflexion Antagonist to tibialis anterior Supports the lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot |
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Fibularis Brevis
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Origin: Lower lateral fibular shaft Path: Tendon goes behind the lateral malleolus, but lies closer to the bone than Fibularis Longus Insertion: Tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal Innervation: Superficial branch of the common fibular nerve Function: Eversion of the foot (subtalar joint), weak plantarflexion |
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Gluteus Maximus
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Deep fibres: Ala of the ilium (posterior to the posterior gluteal line), fascia of gluteus medius and the sacrotuberous ligament Proximal Insertion: Iliotibial tract Distal Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of the femur Large bursa between the bone and its insertion Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve Unilateral Function: Extension and lateral rotation of the hip joint, prevents forward tilting of the pelvis when the lefs are upright, supports extended knee (via iliotibial tract) Combined action: Clenches buttocks giving support to the external anal sphincter Misc: When upright, covers the ischial tuberosity. When sitting, muscle moves laterally to expose the tuberosity |
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Gluteus Medius
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Insertion: Greater trochlanter of the femur (bursa underlying the insertion) Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve Function: Adducts the hip and when one leg is off the ground, it tilts the opposite side of the pelvis upwards Additional functions: anterior fibres - medially rotate and flex the hip posterior fibres - laterally rotate and extend the hip |
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Gluteus Minimis
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Insertion: Anterio part of the greater trochlanter Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve Function: Abductor and medial rotator Assists gluteus medius in walking |
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Tensor fascia latae |
Insertion: Iliotibial tract Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve Function: Acts on the iliotibial tract to provide stability to the hip and knee in the upright poture |
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What are the short lateral rotators of the hip? |
Piriformis Obturator Internus Superior and inferior gemelli Quadratus femoris |
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Piriformis |
Origin: Anterior aspect of the middle 3 pieces of the sacrum within the pelvis Path: Exits throught the greater sciatic foramen and is superficial to the sciatic nerve Insertion: Posterior upper margin of the greater trochlanter Innervation: L5, S1, S2 Function: Lateral rotator of the hip |
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Obturator Internus |
Path: Tendon exits the peliv through the lesser sciatic foramen, then turns at a right angle around the lesser sciatic notch where there is a bursa Insertion: Greater trochlanter above the trochlanteric fossa Innervation: Nerve to Obturator Internus Function: Lateral Rotator |
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Gemelli |
Path: Run alongside obturator internus Insertion: Tendon of Obturator Internus Innervation: Superior Gemelli - Nerve to Obturator internus Inferior Gemelli - Nerve to Quadratus femoris Function: Lateral Rotator |
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Quadratus Femoris
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Fibres run horizontally Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on the upper aspect of the intertrochlanteric crest of the femur Innervation: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Function: Lateral Rotator |
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Name the Hamstring muscles
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Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris |
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Semimembranosus |
Path: Upper part is a long flat tendon, lying deep to semitendinosus and the long head of biceps femoris Insertion: Groove on the posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle, expansions diverge obliquely across the capsule of the knee joint and inferiorly over popliteus to the soleal line of the tibia Innervation: Tibial nerve Function: Hip extension and Knee flexion |
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Semitendinosus |
Origin: Inferomedial sapect of the ischial tuberosity Path: Muscle decreases in size and is replaced by a tendon mid-thigh on a gutter on semimembranosus Tendon passes behind the medial femoral condyle and curves forwards Insertion: medial aspect of the upper tibial shaft Posterior to Sartorius Inferior to Gracilis Conjoined tendons are the pes anserinus Innervation: Tibial nerve Function: Hip extension and Knee flexion |
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Biceps Femoris
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Long head origin: Medial aspect of the ischial tuberosity Short head origin: Linea aspera Path: Long head passes across semimembranosus to join the short head Insertion: Common tendon into the lateral aspect of the fibular head Innervation: Tibial nerve Function: Hip extension (not the short head) and Knee flexion |
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(Superficial Posterior Leg) |
Medial head origin: Proximal to the medial condyle Lateral head origin: Lateral condyle itself Path: converge to lie side by side with an aponeurosis between them Calcaneal tendon starts midcalf A bursa seperates the bone from the tendon Insertion: Calcaneus (Tendon) Innervation: Branches of Tibial nerve Function: Knee felxion and Plantarfelxion |
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(Superficial Posterior Leg) |
Origin: Distal end of lateral supracondlar ridge Path: Tendon passes medially between soleus and gastrocnemius Insertion: Calcaneus (Tendon) Innervation: Branches of Tibial nerve Function: Knee felxion and Plantarfelxion |
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Soleus (Superficial Posterior Leg) |
Origin: Upper 1/4 of the posterior fibula, soleal line of the tibia, middle 1/3 of the medial border of tibia Path: Fibres form an arch over the popliteal vessels Muscle has dense aponeurosis on both sides Multipennate muscle Insertion: Calcaneus (Tendon) Innervation: Branches of Tibial nerve Function: Knee felxion and Plantarfelxion. Important venous pump as perforating veins from the great saphenous enter the muscle |
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(Deep Posterior Leg) |
Lateral Origin: Round tendon from the anterior end of the popliteal groove on the lateral femoral condyle Medial Origin: Flat aponeurosis to the lateral meniscus and knee joint capsule Insertion: Popliteal surface of the posterior tibia above the soleal line Innervation: Tibial nerve (branch curves around the distal border of the muscle to enter its deep surface) Function: Stabilise and control the position of the lateral meniscus Rotates femur laterally on tibia to unlock the knee |
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(Deep Posterior Leg) |
Origin: Distal 3/4 of the fibula and interosseous membrane Path: Tendon grooves the talus and inferior surface of the sustenaculum tali (calcaneus) Runs forward in the sole Insertion: Plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the hallux Innervation: Tibial nerve Function: Flex the Hallux and Plantarflexion Maintain the longitudinal arch of the foot in walking and running |
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(Deep Posterior Leg) |
Origin: Medial posterior surface of the tibia (below the soleal line) Path: After entering the sole, it crosses FHL, then divides into 4 tendons Insertion: Plantar surface of the respective bases of the toes and passes through a decussation (X-junction) of the tendons of flexor digitorum brevis Innervation: Tibial nerve Function: Plantarflexion and flexing the toes in walking and running |
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(Deep Posterior Leg) |
Origin: Lateral 1/2 of the posterior surface of the tibia (below the soleal line), the interosseous membrane , and the medial surface of the fibula Insertion: Naviclar tuberosity with slips going to cuboid, cuneiforms and the bases of the medial 4 metatarsals Innervation: Tibial nerve Function: Flexes and inverts the foot Supports the longitudina arches Plantarflexion |
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Flexor Retinaculum |
Medial Malleolus of the tibia Medial margin of the posterior calcaneus Tendons of the deep posterior leg groups pass under in their synovial sheaths: Tom, Dick And Very Naughty Harry |
