Anatomy - Lower Limb

Front 1

What muscles comprise the hamstrings?

Back 1

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris - long head

Front 2

What muscle(s) does the superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) innervate?

Back 2

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae

Front 3

What muscle(s) does the inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervate?

Back 3

gluteus maximus

Front 4

What muscle(s) does the tibial division of sciatic nerve innervate?

Back 4

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris and vertical head of adductor magnus

Front 5

What muscle(s) does the common fibular division of sciatic nerve innervate?

Back 5

short head of biceps femoris

Front 6

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus muscle?

Back 6

inferior gluteal (L5-S2)

Front 7

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius muscle?

Back 7

superior gluteal (L4-S1)

Front 8

What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus muscle?

Back 8

superior gluteal (L4-S1)

Front 9

What nerve innervates the tensor fasciae latae?

Back 9

superior gluteal (L4-S1)

Front 10

What nerves comprise the sciatic nerve?

Back 10

tibial nerve and common fibular

Front 11

What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 11

superior gluteal neurovascular bundle passes above piriformis and inferior gluteal and pudendal neurovascular bundles and sciatic nerve pass below piriformis

Front 12

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Back 12

pudendal neurovascular bundle crosses sacrospinous ligament to enter perineum

Front 13

What are the lateral rotators of the thigh?

Back 13

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, obturator externus (deep) and quadratus femoris

Front 14

What is the tensor fasciae latae?

Back 14

lateral thickening of fascia lata from iliac crest to lateral tibial condyle which encloses tensor fasciae latae and serves as isertion for tensor and gluteus maximus

Front 15

What are the posterior thigh muscles?

Back 15

hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris - long head), biceps femoris - short head and vertical head of adductor magnus

Front 16

superior gluteal artery (superficial branch)

Back 16

lies between gluteus maximus and gluteus medius

Front 17

superior gluteal artery (deep branch)

Back 17

lies between gluteus medius and gluetus minimus with supply to tensor fasciae latae

Front 18

inferior gluteal artery

Back 18

supplies gluteus maximus and lateral rotators

Front 19

cruciate anastomosis

Back 19

between inferior gluteal, circumflex femorals and 1st perforating artery

Front 20

deep femoral artery

Back 20

-branch of femoral which passes deep to lie on adductor magnus
-major supply to femoral region

Front 21

popliteal artery

Back 21

continuation of femoral distal to adductor hiatus in the popliteal fossa

Front 22

What makes up the genicular anastomosis?

Back 22

-descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex
-descending genicular from femoral
-anterior tibial recurrent
-geniculars -->medial superior and inferior, lateral superior and inferior, middle all branch from popliteal artery

Front 23

What is the superior border of the popliteal fossa?

Back 23

heads of hamstrings

Front 24

What is the inferior borders of the popliteal fossa?

Back 24

heads of gastrocnemius

Front 25

What makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa?

Back 25

popliteal surface of femur, kneew joint capsule and popliteus

Front 26

What makes up the roof of the popliteal fossa?

Back 26

fascia lata proximally and crural fascia distally

Front 27

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Back 27

popliteal vessels and branches, tibial and common fibular nerves

Front 28

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Back 28

medial border of sartorius, medial border of adductor longus, inguinal ligament, floor is iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus, roof is fascia lata

Front 29

What makes up the floor of the femoral triangle?

Back 29

iliopsoas, pectineus and adductor longus

Front 30

What makes up the roof of the femoral triangle?

Back 30

fascia lata

Front 31

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Back 31

femoral sheath, femoral nerve and branches, femoral artery, femoral vein, branches/tributaries

Front 32

subinguinal hiatus

Back 32

inferior to inguinal ligament and superior to superior pubic ramus, passage between abdominopelvic cavity and anterior thigh via triangle

Front 33

What are the contents of the subinguinal hiatus?

Back 33

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, iliopsoas, femoral nerve, femoral sheath, femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

Front 34

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

Back 34

femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis

Front 35

adductor canal

Back 35

-runs deep to sartorius from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

Front 36

adductor hiatus

Back 36

opening between vertical and adductor portions of adductor magnus

Front 37

What are the contents of the adductor hiatus?

Back 37

femoral artery and femoral vein

Front 38

obturator artery

Back 38

through obturator canal to supply medial compartment and hip joint

Front 39

femoral artery

Back 39

through femoral triangle and adductor canal to adductor hiatus

Front 40

What is the popliteal artery a continuation of?

Back 40

femoral artery

Front 41

What arteries does the femoral artery give rise to?

Back 41

superficial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric, external pudendal, deep femoral

Front 42

What arteries does the deep femoral/profunda femoris give rise to?

Back 42

medial femoral circumflex, lateral femoral circumflex and perforating arteries

Front 43

deep femoral/profunda femoris

Back 43

-branch of femoral
-runs deep on adductor magnus and is major supply to femoral region

Front 44

medial circumflex femoral

Back 44

major supply to neck and head of femur

Front 45

lateral circumflex femoral

Back 45

-supplies neck and head of femur
-gives off descending branch which contributes to genicular anastomosis

Front 46

perforating arteries

Back 46

-four vessels piercing adductor magnus to supply posterior compartment
-1st contributes to cruciate anastomosis of hip
-4th is terminal branch of the deep femoral

Front 47

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 47

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, iliopsoas, pectineus, sartorius

Front 48

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 48

femoral nerve except for psoas(L1-3) and pectineus, which may also receive a branch of the obturator nerve

Front 49

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Back 49

adductor magnus, adductor and vertical portions, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gracilis

Front 50

What nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

Back 50

obturator nerve except vertical portion of adductor magnus which receives a branch of tibial nerve

Front 51

What ligament carries branch of obturator artery to the head of the femur?

Back 51

ligament of head of femur

Front 52

What are the actions of the hip joint?

Back 52

flexion/extension, aBduction/aDduction, rotation

Front 53

What are the thickenings of the capsule (of hip)?

Back 53

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

Front 54

medial collateral ligament

Back 54

attached to capsule and to medial meniscus

Front 55

lateral collateral ligament

Back 55

extra capsular

Front 56

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Back 56

intracapsular

Front 57

medial and lateral menisci

Back 57

deepen tibial plateau; attach tibia and capsule

Front 58

What areas drain into the vertical group of the superficial inguinal nodes?

Back 58

receives all superficial drainage that does not pass through popliteal nodes

Front 59

What areas drain into the horizontal group of the superficial inguinal nodes?

Back 59

receives lymph from gluteal and perineal regions, and abdominal wall below umbilicus

Front 60

What is the flow of lymph from the superficial nodes to the lumbar nodes?

Back 60

superficial nodes --> deep inguinal nodes --> iliac nodes --> lumbar nodes

Front 61

Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?

Back 61

in femoral canal

Front 62

What areas drain into the deep inguinal nodes?

Back 62

receive all deep drainage from lower limb and all drainage from superficial inguinal nodes

Front 63

What areas drain into the great saphenous vein?

Back 63

drains medial aspect of foot, crural region, knee, and thigh

Front 64

What is the course of the great saphenous vein?

Back 64

passes through saphenous opening and femoral sheath to join femoral vein

Front 65

What muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

Back 65

-gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
-plantar flexors of talocrural joint and/or flexors of knee

Front 66

What muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Back 66

-tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
-plantar flexors of ankle, intertors of foot, and flexors of digits

Front 67

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

Back 67

-tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and fibularis tertius (not always present)
-dorsiflexors of talocrural joint, extensors of digits

Front 68

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

Back 68

-fibularis longus, fibularis brevie
-plantar flexors of talocrural joint, evertors of foot

Front 69

What muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?

Back 69

all posterior compartment muscles and plantar muscles of foot

Front 70

tibial nerve

Back 70

divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves distal to medial malleolus

Front 71

What muscles does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

Back 71

all anterior compartment muscles of the leg

Front 72

What muscles does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

Back 72

lateral compartment muscles of the leg

Front 73

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the foot?

Back 73

abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor hallucis longus tendon

Front 74

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the foot?

Back 74

flexor digiti minimi and abductor digiti minimi

Front 75

What are the muscles of the central compartment of the foot?

Back 75

adductor hallucis, flexor digitorum longus tendons, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, flexor digitorum brevis, dorsal and plantar interossei

Front 76

inferior extensor retinaculum

Back 76

covers tendons of anterior crural muscles, vessels and nerves

Front 77

plantar aponeurosis

Back 77

thickening of fascia that is continuous with fibrous flexor sheaths

Front 78

What muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

Back 78

LAFF muscles
L - 1st lumbrical
A - abductor hallucis
F - flexor hallucis brevis
F - flexor digitorum brevis

Front 79

What muscles are supplied by the lateral plantar nerve?

Back 79

all other plantar intrinsic muscles not innervated by the medial plantar nerve (LAFF muscles)

Front 80

What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

Back 80

extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

Front 81

What nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot?

Back 81

deep fibular nerve

Front 82

What is the "unhappy triad"?

Back 82

medial meniscus, tibial collateral ligament, and anterior cruciate ligament torn

Front 83

What does the popliteal artery divide into?

Back 83

anterior and posterior tibial deep to origin of soleus

Front 84

What is the posterior tibial artery?

Back 84

continuation of popliteal between superficial and deep compartments

Front 85

What artery gives off fibular artery?

Back 85

posterior tibial

Front 86

The posterior tibial artery passes deep to ______________ and divides into _________ and ___________

Back 86

flexor retinaculum, medial and lateral plantars

Front 87

What arteries form deep plantar arch?

Back 87

lateral plantar and deep plantar from arcuate forms deep plantar arch deep to flexor tendons

Front 88

What give off two platar digitals to adjacent digits?

Back 88

plantar metatarsals

Front 89

What gives off perforating branches to dorsal surface of foot?

Back 89

deep plantar arch

Front 90

What does the great saphenous vein do in the lower limb?

Back 90

provides superficial drainage of medial aspect of dorsum of foot, anteromedial leg and thigh before joining femoral vein

Front 91

What does the small saphenous vein do in the lower limb?

Back 91

provides drainage of lateral aspect of dorsum of foot and posterolateral leg before joining popliteal vein

Front 92

What vein does the great saphenous vein join?

Back 92

femoral vein

Front 93

What vein does the small saphenous vein join?

Back 93

popliteal vein