Anatomy Long Quiz 8

Front 1

Orbital fractures often result in intraorbital bleeding and ______

Back 1

exophthalmos

Front 2

A blowout fracture, caused by blunt trauma to the head displaces the ___/____ walls; pushes intraorbital contents to ___. Causes inhibition of _____ due to entrapment of which muscle?

Back 2

medial/inferior walls,

sinuses

upward gaze,

entrapment of inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles

Front 3

Structures that exit the Optic Canal

Back 3

Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery

Front 4

Structures that exit the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Back 4

Superior ophthalmic v.
V1 branches
CN III, IV, V1(to the extraocular muscles)

Front 5

Structures that exit the Inferior Orbital Fissure ?

Where does it connect to?

Back 5

Orbital and Zygomatic branches of V2
Inferior ophthalmic v.
Veins communicating with pterygoid plexus

communicates with pterygopalatine fossa

Front 6

Another term for eyelashes associated with sebaceous glands

Back 6

glands of Zeiss

These are external

Front 7

Another term for modified sweat glands

Back 7

glands of Moll

Front 8

What does the tarsal plate consist of, and what inserts here?

Back 8

dense connective tissue, (responsible for rigidity of the eyelids). It contains large sebaceous glands (aka Meibomean glands - internal)
Levator Palebrae superioris (voluntary) and superior tarsal muscle (involuntary) insert here.

Front 9

What is a chalazion?

Back 9

noninfectious obstruction of meibomian glands

Front 10

Drooping of the eyelid can be caused by paralysis of what muscles? Under what conditions/diseases would this occur?

Back 10

Levator Palpebrae Superioris (Myasthenia gravis or damage to CN III)

Superior Tarsal Muscle (Mullers), seen in Horners syndrome

Front 11

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in the ___ nerve from CN __ to the _____ ganglion, are carried in the ___ division of trigeminal to the lacrimal gland.

Back 11

Greater Petrosal Nerve, from CN VII
to Pterygopalatine ganlion, are carried in V2 division (zygomatic nerve)

There is then a communicating branch to the lacrimal nerve (V1) before finally ending on the lacrimal gland.

Front 12

CN ___ carries preganglionic PANS fibers to the Ciliary ganglion, which is associated ___ branch of trigeminal and headed where?

Back 12

CNIII

V1 (Opthalmic)

Intrinsic eye muscles

Front 13

The ___ nerve carries preganglionic PANS fibers to the Otic ganglion, associated with the __ branch of trigeminal and ending on which gland?

Back 13

IX, Lesser petrossal nerve

Mandibular (V3)

Parotid

Front 14

Regarding the coats of the eyeball, the fibrous layer contains what?

The vascular layer contains what?

The neural layer contains what?

Back 14

Fibrous layer: Sclera, Cornea

Vascular layer (Uvea): Choroid
Ciliary body, Iris

Neural layer: Retina

Front 15

The ciliary body is made up of ___ and ___

Back 15

ciliary muscles and processes.

Front 16

___ ___ secrete aqueous humor, and are connected to the lens by the ___ ___

Back 16

ciliary processes

suspensory ligament

Front 17

The sphincter pupillae is under ____ control while the dilator pupillae is under ____

Back 17

PANS (CN III)

SANS

Front 18

During near vision, the ciliary muscles ____, which ____ the suspensory ligament and _____ the lens

Back 18

contract

relaxing

thickens

Front 19

During far vision, the cilliary musles are ____, which ____ the lens.

Back 19

relaxed

flattens

Front 20

What is the outermost layer of the retina?

Where is the highest concentration of cones found (for the most acute vision)

Back 20

The retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)

In the fovea, a small pit in the macular lutea

Front 21

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a result of ____ excretion of the aqueous humor in the ___ ___, usually resulting in an increased pressure (>22mmHg), and causes degeneration of ___ cells and optic nerve damage.

Back 21

decreased excretion in the trabecular meshwork.

degeneration of ganglion cells

Results in loss of peripheral vision

Front 22

All the rectus muscles originate from what

Back 22

common tendinous ring

Front 23

The axis of the orbit (is/is not) the same as the axis of the eyeball

Back 23

Is NOT

Front 24

Actions of Superior Rectus muscle?

What nerve is it innervated by?

Back 24

Elevates, Adducts, Internally rotates

(looks lateral and upward)

Superior Division of Oculomotor

Front 25

By looking laterally and downward, you are testing what muscle?

What nerve?

Back 25

Inferior rectus

Inferior Division of III

Front 26

By looking medially and upward, you are testing what muscle?

What nn?

Back 26

Inferior Oblique

Inferior Division of Oculomotor

Front 27

By looking medially and downward what muscle are you testing?

What nerve?

Back 27

Superior Oblique

Trochlear

Front 28

By looking laterally, what muscle and what nerve are you testing?

Back 28

Lateral Rectus,

Abducens

Front 29

By looking medial, what nerve are you testing?

What muscle does this?

Back 29

Inferior Division of III

Medial rectus mm

Front 30

What are the branches of the Opthalmic Nerve?

Back 30

NFL

Nasociliary
Frontal
Lacrimal

Front 31

The lacrimal nerve receives GVE fibers from ____ ganglion via a branch of the ____ nerve.

Back 31

Pterygopalatine

Zygomatic Nerve (V2...although the GVE fibers originate in CN VII Greater Petrosal nn)

Front 32

Frontal nerve is a branch of the ____ nerve and carries ___ fibers

Back 32

opthalmic (V1), GSA

Front 33

The nasociliary nerve is a branch of ___ nerve, carries ____ fibers which go where?

Back 33

Opthalmic (v1), GSA and GVE fibers

GSA goes to infratrochlear nn, ethmoidal nerves.

GVE goes to long ciliary nerves and short ciliary nerves

Front 34

What are the symptoms of Horner's syndrome?

Back 34

Its an interruption of sympathetic pathway to the eye. Causes ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis

(drooping of the eyelid, pupillary contriction, decreased sweating)

Front 35

What nerves is the corneal reflex testing?

What nerves is the pupillary light reflex testing?

Back 35

CN V (Opthalmic) for the afferent limb and CN VII (motor to orbicularis oculi)

CN II and III. II is afferent, III is efferent.

Front 36

Optic nerve synapses in the ___ ___,

Cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are found in the ___-___ nucleus

Back 36

pretectal nucleus

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Front 37

Herniation through the tentorial notch will produce

Back 37

ipsilateral pupillary dilation (III) and contralateral paralysis of muscles of the body.

Front 38

Transtentorial (central) herniation involves____ and ____

Back 38

diencephalon and temporal lobes

Front 39

What happens in an uncal herniation?

What CN is particulary affected?

Back 39

Uncus of temporal lobe is squeezed and puts pressure on midbrain, especially CN III.

Pt will experience defective PANS first, resulting in dilated pupil (no light reflex) then the eye deviated laterally and downward (SO,LR)

Front 40

Cavernous sinus is associated with what nerves?

Back 40

VI (first), III, IV, V1, V2

Front 41

The auricle is innervation by what nerves?

Back 41

Vagus and Facial

Auriculotemporal (V3) inn surrounding area

Front 42

The auricle is derived from ___ hilocks, mesenchymal contributions from which arches?

Back 42

6

1st,2nd,4th

Front 43

The external acoustic meatus extends from ___To ___.

Its main sensory innervation is ___ and ___

Back 43

concha to tympanic membrane

V3 and X

Front 44

The connective tissue core of the tympanic membrane is ___ inside and ___ outside.

It is innervated by ____ externally and ___ internally

Back 44

mucous membrane inside and skin outside

V, VII, X externally, and CN IX internally

Front 45

In the event of loud noises, the tympanic membrane can move too much. This is attenuated by ____(Attached to malleus, inn by ______), and _____ (Attached to stapes, and Supplied by the _____)

Back 45

Tensor tympani, nerve to the medial pterygoid (branch of V3)

stapedius, nerve to the stapedius (branch of CN VII

Front 46

Which muscle and dampens the vibration in response to loud noise

Back 46

tensor tympani mm

this is inn by the nerve to the medial pterygoid, a branch of V3

Front 47

Which muscle inserts in the upper part of the handle of the malleus

Back 47

tensor tympani

Front 48

Paralysis of which muscle results in hyperacusis (inability to tolerate everyday sounds)?

Back 48

stapedius

Innervated by the branchiomotor component of CN VII

Front 49

What is the main sensory supply for the middle ear?

Back 49

Tympanic branch of CN IX

Front 50

Macula Utriculi and Macula Sacculi are organs of ___

Back 50

balance

Front 51

The bony labyrnth is lined with periosteum and contains ___, while the membranous labyrinth contains ____

Back 51

Perilymph

Endolymph

Front 52

The membranous labryinth consists of :

It is filled with ____

Back 52

Semicircular ducts
Anterior, posterior, & lateral
Cochlear duct
Utricle
Saccule


Filled with endolymph

Front 53

____ ____ is secreted by the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber which flows around the iris and through the ____into the anterior chamber.

Back 53

Aqueous humor

Pupil

Front 54

What is the etiology and symptoms of horner's syndrome?

Back 54

Interruption of the SANS pathway to the eye

It causes ptosis (drooping of eyelid), miosis (pupillary constriction), anhidrosis (decreased sweating), and enopthalmos

Front 55

bilateral blink response tests what nerves

Back 55

V1 afferent, CN VII efferent.

Both eyes blink because of a consensual reflex.

Front 56

The buccinator muscle is innervated (motor) by the ___ nerve, and it's sensory innervation comes from ___.

Back 56

Motor: Buccal branches of facial nerve (VII)

Sensory: Buccal nerve, which is a branch of V3.

Front 57

Geniohyoid muscle is inn by ____

Back 57

cervical nerve C1

Front 58

___ Papillae are the only ones that do NOT have taste buds on them

Back 58

filiform

Front 59

Genioglossus is innervated by ____

Its primary action is to ____ the tongue

Back 59

CN XII hypoglossal

Protrude

Front 60

The hyoglossus muscle is inn by ___.

Its primary action is to ___ the tongue

Back 60

Hypoglossal CN XII

Depress the tongue

Front 61

All muscles of the tongue are innervated by ___ except the ___ which is innervated by ____

Back 61

Hypoglossal (XII)

Palatoglossus, Vagus (X)

Front 62

What two muscles descend into the soft palate?

What two muscles ascend into the palate

Back 62

Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini

palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus

Front 63

Most muscles of the soft palate are innervated by ___ nerve, except the ___ muscle which is innervated by ____.

Back 63

Vagus

tensor veli palatini

V3

Front 64

Most soft palate muscle attach to the superior surface of the palatine aponeurosis, the exception, which attaches to the inferior surface of the aponeurosis is ____

Back 64

palatoglossus

It extends from the inferior surface to the lateral surface of the tongue

Front 65

The _____ _____ are depressions in the laryngopharynx on each side of the aditus of the larynx.

If food becomes lodged here, it may damage the ___ ___ ___,

Back 65

piriform recesses

internal laryngeal nerves

Front 66

The ____ space provides a pathway for the spread of infection from the base of the skull into the mediastinum.
What are some potential consequences if a abscess forms here?

Back 66

retropharyngeal

It may also be the site of abscess formation affecting the internal jugular vein (cerebral edema), carotid artery, dyspnea, and dysphagia. If ruptured it will result in aspiration pneumonia

Front 67

The vocal ligament is the superior free border of the ___ ____.

Back 67

cricothyroid ligament

Front 68

The middle cervical sympathetic trunk is found at what level

Back 68

Cv6.

Along with the large anterior tubercle of C6, the entrance of the vertebral artery, and the cricoid cartilage.

Front 69

The vocal ligament attaches posteriorly to the ___ ____ of the ___ cartilage, and anteriorly to the ____ cartilage

Back 69

Vocal Process of the arytenoid cartilage

thyroid

Front 70

What is the relationship of the vocal folds when viewing an indirect laryngoscopy.

Back 70

The vocal folds are closer together in the midline than vestibular folds even though vestibular folds are more superior. So you can see all of them.

Front 71

The ____ membrane has the ____ ligament at its superior free border, and the vestibular ligament as its thickened inferior border.

Back 71

quadrangular

ariepiglottic

Front 72

During an emergency cricothyrotomy, the airway is opened up into what space?

Back 72

infraglottic cavity.

This is before the vocal ligaments

Front 73

A mass in the neck could be a laryngocele. This is when the ___ ____ becomes enlarged and protrudes through the thyrohyoid membrane.

Back 73

laryngeal saccule.

This is a blind pocket of the ventricle, located between vestibular and vocal folds.

Front 74

The glottis is the __ ___ plus the ___ ___

Back 74

rima glottidis
vocal folds

rima glottidis is the space between the vocal folds

Front 75

This is only one set of muscles that can ABduct the vocal folds, these are _____.

The rest of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles adduct the vocal folds

Back 75

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscles.

If these are paralyzed bilaterally by lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerves, the vocal folds will meet in the midline and make breathing or speaking almost impossible

Front 76

Innervation of intrinsic muscles of the larynx is by ___ nerve.

The exception is ____ muscles, which are innervated by ___ nerve.

Back 76

Recurrent laryngeal branches of Vagus

Cricothyroid muscles, inn by external laryngeal branch of Vagus

Front 77

Inferior to the vocal folds, what nerve is responsible for sensory innervation to the larynx?

Superior to the folds, the ____ nerve is sensory.

Back 77

Recurrent laryngeal branch of Vagus

Internal laryngeal branch of Vagus

Front 78

If ___ nerve is damages, the protective mechanism to keep foreign bodies out of the larynx is lost.

Back 78

internal laryngeal nerves