Anatomy-Leg And Dorsum Of Foot

Front 1

What makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa?

Back 1

1.the popliteal surface of femur
2. capsule of the knee joint
3. fascia over the popliteus muscle

Front 2

What is contained in the popliteal fossa?

Back 2

1.popliteal vessels(artery,vein, and lymphatics)
2.tibial and common peroneal (fibular) nerves
3. small saphenous vein

Front 3

What levels make up the tibial nerve?

Back 3

L4,5 S1,2,3

Front 4

What muscles do the motor branches of the tibial nerve innervate?

Back 4

1.plantaris
2.medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius
3.soleus
4. popliteus

Front 5

What types of branches does the tibial nerve have?

Back 5

1.motor
2.articular
3. cutaneous

Front 6

What is the arrangement of vessels in the inferior portion of the popliteal fossa from superficial to deep when looking posteriorly?

Back 6

1.tibial nerve
2. popliteal vein
3. popliteal artery

Front 7

The vessels of the popliteal fossa are bound on each side by what?

Back 7

a femoral condyle and a head of the gastrocnemius

Front 8

What kind of branches does the popliteal artery have?

Back 8

1.cutaneous
2. articular
3. muscular

Front 9

What does the popliteal artery anastamose with?

Back 9

popliteal vein

Front 10

What does the popliteal artery divide into and where does it happen?

Back 10

divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries behind the tibia

Front 11

What is the major branch that comes off of the posterior tibial artery?

Back 11

peroneal artery

Front 12

What does the popliteal vein begin as below the knee?

Back 12

an assembly of venae comitantes

Front 13

What levels make up the common peroneal nerve?

Back 13

L4,5 S1,2

Front 14

What is the path of the common peroneal nerve?

Back 14

1.separates from tibial nerve halfway down the thigh
2.divides into deep peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves lateral to the head of the fibula
3.joins the tibial branch medially to form the sural nerve

Front 15

What does the peroneal nerve divide into and where does it do it?

Back 15

1.divides into deep peroneal and supeficial peroneal nerves
2. this happens lateral to the head of the fibula

Front 16

What runs along the saphenous vein and is joined by the communicating peroneal nerve?

Back 16

sural nerve

Front 17

What vein is the continuation of the lateral venous arch of the foot?

Back 17

small saphenous vein

Front 18

What is the path of the small saphenous vein?

Back 18

1.arises from lateral venous arch of foot
2. passes below and behind the lateral malleolus
3. ends in the popliteal and profunda femoris vein

Front 19

The leg is divided into what sections?

Back 19

1.anterior crural
2.posterior crural
3. lateral (or fibular or peroneal)

Front 20

What are the bones of the leg?

Back 20

1.tibia (medial)
2.fibular (lateral)

Front 21

What are the bones of the foot?

Back 21

1.talus
2.calcaneus
3. navicular
4. cuboid
5. medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
6.metatarsals
7. 14 phalanges

Front 22

What is the artery of the anterior compartment and where does it lie?

Back 22

1.anterior tibial artery
2.lies medial to the head of the fibula

Front 23

What does the anterior tibal artery become in the foot?

Back 23

dorsalis pedis artery

Front 24

What are the branches off of the dorsalis pedis?

Back 24

1. arcuate artery
2. deep plantar artery
3. branch to medial side of digit 1
4. branches to lateral side of digit 1 and medial side of digit 2

Front 25

What are the branches off of the anterior tibial artery?

Back 25

1.anterior tibial recurrent artery
2. branch with superficial peroneal nerve
3. medial and lateral malleolar branches
4. medial and lateral tarsal arteries
5. dorsalis pedis artery

Front 26

The digital artery that supplies blood to the medial side of the 1st toe arises from what?

Back 26

1st metatarsal artery

Front 27

The digital artery that supplies blood to the lateral side of the 5th toe arises from what?

Back 27

4th metatarsal artery

Front 28

What are the attachments of the tibialis anterior?

Back 28

1.atero-lateral (upper 2/3) surface of tibia, from interosseous membrane and deep fascia
2.medial surface of metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform

Front 29

What are the attachments for the extensor digitorum longus?

Back 29

1.anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, deep fascia
2. inserts by dorsal expansions into distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

Front 30

What are the attachments of the peroneus tertius?

Back 30

1.distal 1/4 of extensor digitorum longus
2. inserts into dorsum of 4th or 5th metatarsal

Front 31

What are the attachments of the extensor hallucis longus?

Back 31

1.1/2 of anterior surface of fibula and from interosseous membrane
2. into base of distal phalanx of big toe

Front 32

What are the attachments of the extensor digitorum brevis?

Back 32

1.from anterior part of calcaneus and extensor retinaculum
2. 4 tendons into medial 4 toes (base of proximal phalanx of big toe, other join with dorsal expansions of extensor digitorum)

Front 33

What is the name of the muscle belly of the extensor digitorum brevis that attaches to the proximal phalanx of the big toe?

Back 33

extensor hallucis brevis

Front 34

What is anterior compartment syndrome?

Back 34

When the retinaculum of deep fascia is so tight that swelling shuts off circulation and results in worsening of condition

Front 35

What does the deep peroneal nerve run alongside?

Back 35

anterior tibial artery and then the dorsalis pedis artery

Front 36

What does the deep peroneal nerve divide into and what do the innervate?

Back 36

2 dorsal digital nerves that innervate opposed surface of big toe and digit 2

Front 37

Where does the superficial peroneal nerve run and what covers it?

Back 37

1. inferior and anterior to shaft of fibula
2.covered by peroneus muscles (innervates them as well)

Front 38

What does the superficial peroneal nerve do in the foot?

Back 38

provides dorsal digital branches to all toes

Front 39

What are the two portions of the extensor retinaculum of the lower limb?

Back 39

superior and inferior parts

Front 40

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum of the lower limb?

Back 40

prevents tendons of peroneus tertius, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus from bowstringing

Front 41

What does the inferior peroneal retinaculum cover?

Back 41

peroneus brevis and longus

Front 42

What are the attachments of the peroneus brevis?

Back 42

1.arises from halfway down fibula septa
2.inserts into base of 5th metatarsal bone

Front 43

What the attachments of the peroneus longus?

Back 43

1.lateral aspect of fibular head
2. runs in groove inferior to cuboid, crossing sole and inserts on medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1 (basically goes under foot and wraps around to attach the same place as the tibialis anterior)

Front 44

What are the bony landmarks of the fibula?

Back 44

1.peroneal surface
2.anterior and posterior borders
3.flexor or posterior surface
4. anterior line
5. posterior crest
6. interosseous border
7.malleolar fossa
8.extensor or anterior surface

Front 45

When does the shaft of the fibula begin to ossify?

Back 45

8th prenatal week

Front 46

When does the upper epiphysis of the fibula begin to ossify?

Back 46

5th year, complete by 22nd year

Front 47

When does the lower epiphysis begin to ossify?

Back 47

2nd year, complete by 20th year

Front 48

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

Back 48

1.gastrocnemius
2.soleus
3.plantaris

Front 49

What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius?

Back 49

1. 2 origins just superior to lateral and medial epicondyles of femur
2. ends in the tendo calcaneus(achilles)

Front 50

Where does the tendo calcaneus instert in the foot?

Back 50

the middle of the posterior surface of the calcaneus

Front 51

What are the attachments of the soleus?

Back 51

1.proximal part of the posterior surface of the fibula and the soleal line of the tibia
2.inserts into the tendo calcaneus (achilles)

Front 52

Where does the plantaris muscle lie?

Back 52

between the gastrocnemius and the soleus

Front 53

What are the attachments of the plantaris?

Back 53

1.arises near lateral head of gastrocnemius
2. inserts into the tendo calcaneus (achilles)

Front 54

What muscles are part of the deep group of posterior leg?

Back 54

1. popliteus
2. flexor hallucis longus
3.flexor digitorum longus
4. tibialis posterior

Front 55

What are the attachements of the popliteus?

Back 55

1.arises just inferior to the lateral epicondyle of the femur
2. goes to posterior surface of the tibia

Front 56

What are the attachments of the tibialis posterior?

Back 56

1.arises from interosseous membrane and adjacent bones
2. inserts 2/3 into tuberosity of navicular and 1/3 by bands into cuboid, cuneiforms, and metatarsals 2,3,4

Front 57

What are the attachments of the flexor digitorum longus?

Back 57

1.from posterior surface of tibia and fascia covering tibialis posterior
2.to bases of distal phalanges 1-4

Front 58

What are the attachments of the flexor hallucis longus?

Back 58

1.arises from the fibula distal to tibialis posterior
2. inserts into distal phalanx of hallux

Front 59

What are the tendons posterior to the ankle?

Back 59

1. peronei brevis and longus
2."Tom, Dick, and Harry"
-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus

Front 60

Where does the peronei brevis and longus run in the posterior ankle?

Back 60

posterior surface of fibular malleolus

Front 61

Where does the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus run in the posterior ankle?

Back 61

posterior surface of tibial malleolus

Front 62

Where does the flexor hallucis longus run in the posterior ankle?

Back 62

grooves the distal end of the tibia, midway between the malleoli

Front 63

Where does the tibial nerve run?

Back 63

1.runs down posterior to tibialis posterior and then posterior to tibia
2. runs deep to the flexor retinaculum

Front 64

What does the tibial nerve divide into?

Back 64

1.medial and lateral plantar nerves

Front 65

What other vessel does the tibial nerve accompany?

Back 65

posterior tibial artery

Front 66

What are the branches of the tibial nerve?

Back 66

1.muscular
2.cutaneous to hell(medial calcanean nerves)
3. articular to ankle joint

Front 67

What are the boundaries of the posterior tibial artery?

Back 67

1. begins at the superior border of the soleus
2.ends deep to flexor retinaculum by dividing.

Front 68

What does the posterior tibial artery divide into in the posterior ankle?

Back 68

1.medial and lateral plantar arteries

Front 69

What is the path of the peroneal artery?

Back 69

1.arises from posterior tibial artery
2. lies posterior to the fibula, distal tibiofibular joint, and ankle joint
3. ends as the lateral calcanean artery on the lateral surface of calcaneus

Front 70

What forms the tarsal tunnel?

Back 70

1.fascial band between medial malleolus and medial surface of calcaneus(flexor retinaculum)

Front 71

What is held in the tarsal tunnel?

Back 71

1.tibialis posterior tendon
2.flexor digitorum longus tendon
3. posterior tibial artery and vein
4. tibial nerve
5. flexor hallucis longus