Anatomy Lecture Notes Unit 1

Front 1

Cell Membrane:

Back 1

1. Bilayer of phospholids
2. Fluidity/Rigidity dependent upon cholesterol content of membrane
3. Contains integral proteins: channels, pumps, enzymes
4. Contain receptors for insulin and other hormones and neurotransmitters
5. Limiting membrane determines composition of cell cytoplasm

Front 2

Nucleus:

Back 2

1. Bound by membranous nuclear membrane with nuclear pores
2. Contains DNA: genetic system of cell which controls celllular protein synthesis and therefore structure and function of the cell
3. Contains nucleolus: production of rRNA

Front 3

Lysosomes

Back 3

1. Produced by Golgi complex
2. Contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestin of ingested molecules
3. Autophagy: digestion of damaged or un-needed organelles
4. Autolysis: breakdown of entire cell at apoptosis (cell death)
5. Regression of un-needed tissues
6. Destruction of bacteria and other antigens

Front 4

Peroxisomes:

Back 4

1. Produced by rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. Highly active in hepatocytes
3. Oxidation of molecules (neutralization of toxins)
4. Removal of toxins entering through digestive system
5. Contain catalase to breakdown hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
6. Breakdown of fatty acids

Front 5

Mitochondria:

Back 5

1. Double membrane structure
2. Cellular respiration: removal of energy from substrate to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
3. Food + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water + ATP