Anatomy - Lecture - Ch 16

Front 1

KNOW PATHWAY OF BLOOD FROM BOTH DIRECTIONS

Back 1

CHECK LAB MANUAL

Front 2

CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS OF HEART

1. Functions as _______ of the __________ system
2. What two circuits does it mediate between
3. Average beats/minute and beats/day
4. Avg cardiac output: Liters/minute?

Back 2

1. pump | cardiovascular
2. systemic and pulmonary circuit
3. 75 beats/min | 108,000 beats/day
4. 5.25 Liters/min

Front 3

THE HEART

1. What types of chambers are the Atria? how many are there?
2. What type of chambers are the Ventricles? How many are there?

Pulmonary Circuit
3. _______ that carry blood to and from the _______
4. What two chambers make this up?

Systematic Circuit
5. ________ that transport blood to and from the ____________
6. What two chambers?

Back 3

1. 2 receiving chambers
2. 2 pumping chambers

3. Vessels | lungs
4. Right atria and ventricle

5. Vessels | body tissue
6. Left atria and ventricles

Front 4

HEART ORIENTATION

1. Position relative to body midline
2. and sternum?
3. In what anatomical space?
4. Lies on what?
5. Base is what?
6. Apex is what?

Back 4

1. located left of the body midline
2. posterior to sternum
3. in the mediastinum
4. Lies on diaphragm
5. base is the posterior and superior surface of the heart
6. Apex is anterior and inferior and points to the left hip

Front 5

PERICARDIUM (Label)

1. How many layered sack?
2. Encloses?
3. Name 3 layers from Superficial to deep
4. Fibrous Pericardium attached to?
5. Double layered serous membrane?
6. Pericardial cavity contain what?.
7. Functions of above(3)
8. What is the term for the inflammation of pericardium?

Back 5

1. Triple layer sack
2. encloses the heart
3. Fibrous pericardium | Parietal layer | Visceral layer (epicardium)
4. attached to diaphragm (suctioned together with parietal layer)
5. Parietal layer and visceral layer (epicardium)
6. serous fluid
7. prevents undesired movement, prevents overfilling, reduces friction
8. pericarditis

Front 6

HEART WALL

1. Name 3 layers from superficial layer to deep?

Back 6

1. Epicardium (visceral layer), Myocardium, Endocardium

*Most superficial level (epicardium) is the same as the deepest level of the "Pericardium"

Front 7

HEART WALL (CONT)

Name layer characteristics of the three heart wall layers

1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium (size, type of muscle, what occurs here)
3. Encocardium (lines what?, covers?)

Back 7

1. - visceral pericardium
- most superficial layer

2. forms BULK of heart, CARDIAC muscle, located deep to epicardium, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS occur in this layer

3. lines heart chambers, covers valves, deepest layer

Front 8

EXTERNAL ANATOMY

1. Atria known as?
2. Ventricles
3. Name the 5 structures that house deoxygenated blood?
4. Name the 2 that house oxygenated blood?

Back 8

1. Auricle

3. Coronary sinus
- Superior Vena Cava
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary arteries

4. Pulmonary veins
- Aorta

Front 9

FIBROUS SKELETON (LABEL VALVES)

1. region of connective tissue located between what?

Functions
2. Seperates?
3. Anchors?
4. Provides electrical?
5. Provides framework?

Back 9

1. between the atria and the ventricles
2. separates the atria and ventricles
3. anchors heart valves
4. provides electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
5. provides framework for the attachment of cardiac muscle tissue

Front 10

RIGHT ATRIUM (label everything)

1. Receiving chamber for ________ blood from _________
2. Three structures it receives blood from
3. Know general placements of interatrial septum, pectinate muscles, right AV valve
4. name of the hole open during fetal circulation?
5. Name of that hole (no longer there) in adulthood?
6. What are the conducting nodes?

Back 10

1. receiving chamber for OXYGEN POOR BLOOD from SYSTEMATIC CIRCUIT
2. superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

4. Foramen Ovale
5. Fossa ovalis
6. SA and AV nodes

Front 11

RIGHT VENTRICLE

1. Pump of the ______________
2. placement of the interventricular septum
3. What is the name of the muscular ridges?
4. What muscles anchor these?
5. Stringy things coming from valves?
6. What do they do?
7. placement of pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 11

1. pump of the pulmonary circuit
3. Trabeculae tendonae
4. Papillary muscle
5. Chordae tendinae
6. prevents valves from everting during contraction

Front 12

LEFT ATRIUM

1. located on what surface of the heart?
2. Receives what type of blood from where?
3. Alternate name for the AV or Bicuspid valve?

Back 12

1. posterior
2. oxygen rich blood from lungs
3. Mitral Valve

Front 13

Left Ventricle

1. Size/thickness
2. Forms the _______ and inferior _______ of the heart
3. Pump of what circuit?
4. Aortic semilunar valve

Back 13

1. Most muscular of the chambers - 3x thicker then right ventricle
2. apex, surface
3. systematic circuit

Front 14

VALVES

1. Can be either ______ or _____
2. Composed of what?
3. How many cusps?
4. Permit what? direction?
5. Prevent what?

Back 14

1. cuspid or semilunar
2. dense connective tissue
3. two or three cusps
4. Permit passage of blood in one direction
5. Prevent backflow of blood

Front 15

CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE

1. Describe Fibers (length, striation, branching, nuclei #)
2. Cells joined by what?
3. What do gap junctions do?
4. What do desmosomes do/
5. ATP and mitochondria levels relative to skeletal muscle

Back 15

1. Fibers are short, striated, branched, and contain 1-2 nuclei
2. intercalated discs
3. Gap junctions: increase flow of electrolytes
4. Desmosomes: prevent cardiac muscles from pulling apart
5. MORE than skeletal muscle

Front 16

CARDIAC CYCLE

1. Defined as what time period
2. Chambers and their periods of contraction and relaxation
3. Name for the "contraction of a heart chamber"
4. name for the "relaxation phase of a heart chamber"

Back 16

1. Period of time from start of one heartbeat to the initiation of the next
2. all chambers within heart experience alternate periods of contraction relaxation
3. Systole
4. Diastole

Front 17

CONDUCTING SYSTEM (LABEL 5)

1. Series of specialized _____ ______ _____ that carry impulses through the heart _________.
2. Which node is the pacemaker?
3. Which node slows conduction of impulse as it travels from atria to ventricles?
4. Which bundle conduct impulses into the interventricular septum?
5. Which bundle conducts impulses down interventricular septum to the apex of the heart?
6. Name of the structures that ensure that the heart contracts form apex and up the walls of the ventricles?

Back 17

1. Series of specialized CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS that carry impulses throughout the heart MUSCULATURE

2. Sinoatrial (SA) node
3. Atrioventricular (AV) node
4. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle or Bundle of His
5. Right and Left Bundle Branches
6. Purkinje fibers

Front 18

CORONARY PLEXUS

Sympathetic Innervation
1. Vertebra #'s?
2. Affects on rate and force of heart contraction?

Parasympathetic Innervation
3. Nerve and brain structure its associated with?
4. Affects on heart contraction?

Back 18

1. T1-T5
2. Increases the rate and the force of heart contractions

3. Medulla Oblongata and Vagus Nerve (CN X)
4. Decreases the rate of heart contraction

Front 19

HEART FAILURE

1. Define
2. Causes (ventricles

3. Effects of Congestive Heart Failure?
4. Causes?

Back 19

1. Progressive weakening of heart
2. Weakened heart ventricles, failure of ventricles to empty completely, overfilling of ventricles, congestive heart failure

3. Heart enlarges greatly, pumping efficiency progressively declines
4. Causes unknown