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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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*Integument system includes __
*integument is the ___ ____ in the body |
*skin, hair, nails, and sebaceous glands
*largest organ |
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Functions of Integument
(7) |
*protection (chemical, physical, biological)
*prevent loss of water (controls sweat) *temperature regulation *metabolic regulation *immune defense *sensory receptors *excretion by means of secretion |
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region of the skin
*be able to label picture 119 |
Epidermis
-epithelial tissue, avascular Dermis -connective tissue, vascular Hypodermis -NOT part of integument, connective tissue, vascular |
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Epidermis
-made of? -5 layers |
- keratinized stratified squamous
-stratum corneum -stratum lucidum -stratum lucidum **only in thick skin -stratum granulosum -stratum spinosum -stratum basale (germinativum) *can loud girls sing bass? |
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Cell of Epidermis:
Keratinocytes |
*most abundant
*produce keratin *found in all layers |
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Cell of Epidermis:
Epidermal Dendritic Cells (AKA ____) |
AKA Langerhans Cells
-macrophages from immune response -stratum spinosum |
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Cell of Epidermis:
Tactile Cells (AKA ___) |
AKA Merkel Cells
-sensory receptors -stratum basale |
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Cell of Epidermis:
Melanocytes |
-produce melanin
-stratum basale |
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Skin Color
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*Hemoglobin
-found in blood, causes pink hue in caucasian skin *Melanin -produced by melanocytes -UV exposure darkens existing melanin and stimulates melanocytes *Carotene -found in plants: yellow to orange pigments |
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Nevus, mole, or birthmark
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Skin Markings:
-overgrowth of melanin-forming cells -harmless unless it mutates and becomes malignant |
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Freckles
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Skin Markings:
-yellowish or brown spots from excessive melanocyte activity. NOT increased melanocyte cells |
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Hemangioma
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Skin Markings:
-congenital anomaly -port wine stains -birth defect, tumor of blood vessels |
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Friction Ridges
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Skin Markings:
-formed by large folds and valleys of dermis and epidermis -fingerprints -patterns are well-formed by 4th month of fetal development |
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Dermis Components
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*2 Layers
-Papillary (areolar connective tissue, spongey. formed by dermal papillae -Reticular (dense irregular connective tissue) *Epidermal ridges *Dermal Papillae |
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Striae (AKA ____)
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STRETCH MARKS
-torn collagen (only strong in one direction) |
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Wrinkles
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-caused by age and UV exposure
-decreased flexibility and thickness of dermis |
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Cleavage lines
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orientation of collagen bundles
*want incisions parallel to these lines SHOWN ON PAGE 126 |
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Hypodermis
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*areolar and adipose tissue
*anchors skin to underlying structures *allows skin to slide freely *thicker in women than men *NOT considered part of integument |
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Nails
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*scale like modification of epidermis
*contain hard keratin *structures: -nail matrix (nail grows from here) -lunula -cuticle -free edge (edge you clip) |
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Location and Functions of HAIR
*can be found ____ *functions |
*EVERYWHERE! (except palms, soles, lips, sides of fingers/toes, part of external genitalia
*protects from sun, senses touch, reduces heart loss |
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Types of hair
(3) |
*LANUGO
-fine, downy hair of fetus *VELLUS -fine hair on arms and legs *TERMINAL *course hair on head, pubes, men facial hair |
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Hair structures and growth
*Be able to label page 130 |
*consists of root and shaft
*arrector pili muscle *rate of hair growth is 2mm/week *growth cycles- active 2-5, dormant 3-4 months |
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baldness
3 kinds |
*alpocia- thinning of hair on whole body
*diffuse hair loss- women start losing on head *male pattern baldness -genetic AND hormonal -bald gene is dominant in men -testosterone causes terminal hair to be replaced by vellus hair |
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Exocrine glands
sebaceous (oil) glands |
-occur over entire body, except palms and soles
-produce sebum as lubricant -holocrine secretion method |
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Exocrine glands
sudoriferous (sweat) glands |
- merocrine (eccrine)glands = most numerous; produce watery sweat or "sensible perspiration"
-apocrine glands = confined axillary, nipple, anal, and genital areas; produce viscous sweat (fat and protein, thicker) |
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First degree burn
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damages epidermis
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second degree burn
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damages epidermis and part of dermis
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third degree burn
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damages entire dermis and epidermis
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Basal cell carcinoma
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*most common type,
*least dangerous type *originates in stratum basale |
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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*arises from keratinocytes
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Malignant Melanoma
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*most deadly type
*arises from melanocytes (usually a preexisting mole) *early detection CRUCIAL |
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ABCD of Malignant Melanoma Recognition
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A= asymmetry (one half of mole doesn't match the other)
B= Border (notched edges, irregular, blurred or ragged) C= color (not uniform, different shades) D= diameter (larger than 1/4 inch) |
