Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Components of the Female Reproductive System
|
Ovaries
Uterine Tube Uterus Vagina External Genitalia -Labia Minora/Majora |
|
|
Structural Support of Female Reproductive System
|
Broad Ligament: which is a mesentary
|
|
|
Broad Ligament: mesentary that:
|
-surrounds the ovaries, uterine tube, and uterus
-attaches these structures to the lateral pelvic wall -carries vasculature & nerves to the uterus and tubes |
|
|
The Ovaries are
|
Small-almond shaped
|
|
|
Ovaries are composed of:
|
-an outer cortex (contains follicles)
-an inner medulla (contains blood vessels) |
|
|
Compositition of the Follicle
|
A femal germ cell “oocyte” which is surrounded by an epithelium
|
|
|
Mitosis
|
Human body (somatic) cells contain 46 chromosomes
Somatic cell division: -produces 2 identical daughter cells which also have 46 chromosomes |
|
|
Meiosis
|
Specialized form of cell division which occurs only in gametes (germ cells)
-oocytes in females -spermatozoa in males Meoisis divides chromosomes in half, so gametes contain 23 chromosomes Fusion of male and female gametes produces -a zygote with 46 chromosomes |
|
|
What’s Unique About Meiosis?
|
Crossing over:
-some genetic material is exchanged -increases genetic variation among offspring -the end result is two daughter cells with unique combinations of chromosomes |
|
|
Ovary Oocyte Production is called:
|
Oogenesis
|
|
|
Oogenesis
|
Begins from oocyestem cells called “oogonia”
|
|
|
Oogonia undergo ____________ to produce oocytes before birth
|
mitosis
|
|
|
Oocytes undergo meiosis
|
-meiosis I occurs at ovulation (release of the oocyte from ovary @ puberty)
-meiosis II is completed only if fertilization occurs |
|
|
Primordial Follicle
|
From birth to puberty the ovary contains only primordial follicles
Composition: -a simple squamous epithelium surrounding an -oocyte |
|
|
Primary Follicle
|
At puberty and each month in response to FSH about 12 primordial follicles mature into 1⁰ follicle
(FSH stands for follicle stimulating hormone) Epithelial cells of a 1⁰ follicle (now called granulose cells) -enlarge -divide to form a stratified epithelium -begin to produce estrogen |
|
|
Secondary Follicle
|
1⁰ follicles mature into bigger 2⁰ follicles
Epithelial cells of a 2⁰ follicle continue to produce Estrogen, and begin to secrete fluid which accumulates in many small cavities between epithelial cells |
|
|
Tertiary Follicle
|
Each month, only 1 of the 12 maturing follicles develops into a bigger 3⁰ follicle
Small cavities between epithelial cells fuse into a single large cavity of fluid called the antrum The oocyte -bulges into antrum -separates from follicle -then floats free in antrium Epithelial cells of a 3⁰ follicle produce a lot of estrogen, leading to an estrogen surge |
|
|
Ovulation
|
LH stands for Luteinizing Hormone
The estrogen surge leads to a LH surge The LH surge leads to: -Ovulation (the release of the oocyte from this follicle) -empty 3⁰ follicle is transformed into the corpus luteum |
|
|
The Corpus Luteum
|
-its epithelial cells start to produce
-progesterone (prepares uterine lining for pregnancy) |
|
|
The Corpus Albicans
|
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum:
-degenerates about 12 days after ovulation -fills with scar tissue -becomes corpus albicans |
|
|
FSH causes:
|
Follicle maturation
|
|
|
LH causes:
|
Ovulation
Luteum formation |
|
|
The Ovarian Cylcle
The Follicular Phase: |
-primordial through tertiary follicles
-estrogen is the primary hormone -associated with FSH |
|
|
Function of Ovaries
|
Produce oocytes (female gametes)
Secrete -estrogen -progesterone (female sex hormone) |
|
|
The Ovarian Cylcle
The Luteal Phase: |
-corpus luteum and albicans formation
-progesterone is the primary hormone -associated with LH |
|
|
The Uterine Tube
|
AKA Fallopian tubes or oviducts
Hollow, muscular tubes Transport oocyte from ovary to uterus -oocyte transport takes 3-4 days Fertilization occurs in the uterine tube (near its entrance into the uterus) Unfertilized oocytes degenerate |
|
|
Components of the Uterus
|
Body (largest portion)
Cervix (“neck” – distal end projecting into vagina) |
|
|
The Uterus provides
|
-protection
-nutrition -waste removal |
|
|
3 Layers of the Uterine wall
|
Perimetrium
Myometrium Endometrium |
|
|
Perimetrium
|
-outer layer (epithelium and connective tissue)
-continuation of the broad ligament |
|
|
Myometrium
|
-middle, very thick, smooth muscle
-provides the force to move the fetus out of the uterus into the vagina |
|
|
Endometrium
|
-inner, glandular and vascular layer
-supports the growing fetus -estrogen & progesterone produced from ovary cause the glands and blood vessles of the endometrium to develop and grow each month -if oocyte is not fertilized, part of it is sloughed |
|
|
The Uterine Cycle
|
Also called menstrual cycle “period”
A repeating series of changes in the endometrium Lasts from 21-35 days (average 28 days) Responds to hormones of the ovarian cycle |
|
|
Uterine Cycle's 3 phases:
|
Consists of 3 phases
-menstrual (menses phase) -proliferation phase -both occur during the ovarian follicular phase -secretory phase -occurs during the ovarian luteal phase |
|
|
Menses Phase
|
The destruction of the superficial layer of the endometrium
Results in the release of: -blood -tissues Stimulated by -decrease in progesterone Endometrial sloughing lasts 1-7 days Sheds 35-50 mL blood Deeper portion of endometrium remains to regrow to superficial layer for the next cycle |
|
|
The Proliferative Phase
|
Follows Menses phase
Results in -repair/regeneration of the endometrium Stimulated by -estrogen secreted by the ovarian follicles |
|
|
The Secretory Phase
|
Begins at ovulation
Results in -secretion by the glands -rapid growth of the arteries Stimulated by -progesterone secreted by the ovarian corpus luteum, persisting as long as corpus luteum does In preparation for implantation of the fertilized embryo -the secretions will provide it nourishment -the vessels will provide the blood and O2 Generally lasts about 12 days if fertilization does not occur |
|
|
The Vagina
|
An elastic, muscular tube
Extends from the cervix to the vestibule Between the urethra and rectum/anus |
|
|
Functions of Vagina:
|
-passageway for:
-menstrual fluids -spermatozoa -birth canal |
|
|
The Clitoris
|
Erectile tissue (a plexus of veins)
|
|
|
Labia Majora
|
-contains adipose tissue
-protects inner structures -covered with pubic hair |
|
|
Labia Minora
|
-Medial to labia majora
-not covered with pubic hair |
|
|
Vestibule
|
-space between the 2 labia minora
-contains the openings for: -urethra -vagina |
|
|
The Mammary Glands
|
Lie in pectoral fat deep to skin of chest
Composed of Lobes -each containing several secretory lobules -which drain their secretory product (milk) into lactiferous ducts |
|
|
Nipple
|
-contains the openings of the lactiferous ducts
|
|
|
Areola
|
-reddish brown skin around each nipple
|
|
|
Secrete milk to nourish an infant is
|
controlled by oxytocin
|
|
|
Female Sexual Response
Parasympathetic activation leads to: |
-engorgement of erectile tissue of the clitoris
-increased secretion of mucus glands in the cervix and vestibule |
|
|
The female orgasm (a pleasurable sensation) is accompanied by
|
peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus and vagina due to sympathetic activation
-rhythmic contractions of skeletal muscles surrounding the clitoris due to somatomotor activation |
