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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medullary Hemopoiesis
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Hemopoiesis which takes place in the bone marrow.
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Extramedullary Hemopoiesis
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Hemopoiesis which takes place in the liver and spleen
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When does extramedullary hemopoiesis occur in adults?
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When the bone marrow is fibrosed or destroyed.
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Is extramedullary hemopoiesis as efficient as medullary hemopoiesis?
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No, Medullary hemopoiesis is more efficient.
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What are hemocytoblasts?
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pluripotent stem cells
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What does proerythroblasts develop into?
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Erythrocytes
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What does myeloblasts develop into?
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Granulocytes
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What does monoblasts develop into?
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Monocytes
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What does megakaryotes develop into?
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Thrombocytes
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What does PBSC stands for?
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Peripheral blood stem cells
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How can we use PBSCs?
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We can collect them and transplant them into the medullary cavities of a leukimia patient after killing his original stem cells using a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.
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Why are umbilical cord blood stem cells better than PBSCs and Bonemarrow stem cells?
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Because those pluripotent stem cells are less prone to rejection by the body of the patient.
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What's Graft vc Host disease?
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It's when the transplanted cells attack the host body.
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What is the definition of unipotent stem cells?
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Those are cells which can develop into one type of blood cells.
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What is the lifespan of erythrocytes?
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120 days
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If unipotent cells are found in the circulating blood, then the disrase probably is?
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Acute leukimia
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What controls the production of blood cells?
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Hematopoietic growth factors(cytokines && || hormones)
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What percentage of the bone marrow produces leukocytes?
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75%
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Why is there a discrepancy between the number of leukocytes stem cells and the number of leukocytes in the circulating blood?
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Because Leukocytes have a short lifespan(warriors dying)
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Where do dead red blood cells go?
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to liver and spleen where they are ingested by phagocytic cells.
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How much time do stem cells need to mature into their daughter cells?
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about a week
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What is serum?
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Serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen and other clotting factors.
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Describe bone marrow
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It is a highly vascular(full of blood vessels and channels) cellular substance in the medullary cavity of some bones.
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What are sinusoids?
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A small blood capillary similar to a blood vessel but filled with fenestrated endothelium.
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What are the protective functions of skin?
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1- Protection of internal organs.
2- Protection against dehydration. 3- Protection against microorganisms. |
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What are the other functions of the skin?
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Sensation
Secretion of sweat and milk(mammary glands) |
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What is the superficial fascia?
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The superficial fascia is a connective tissue full of fats.
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What is the function of fascia?
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It surrounds bones, muscles, and joints, providing support and protection and giving structure to the body.
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What are the functions of superficial fascia?
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- Storage of fat & water.
- Passageway for nerves & vessels. - Provides an attachment to some skeletal muscles, allowing for the movement of skin. |
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What is deep fascia?
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Dense connective tissue which forms a dense and strong membrane
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What does superficial fascia contain?
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- Blood Vessels.
- Lymph Vessels. - Nerves. |
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What is the rtymology of the word fascia?
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Latin, Band, bands.
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What are the functions of superficial fascia?
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- Contains fat.
- Binds skin to deep fascia. - Heat insulator. - Food Store. - Gives rounded contour. - Contains vessels & nerves going to the skin. |
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what are the functions of deep fascia?
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- invests deep structures
- Gives attachment to muscles. |
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Name 2 places where deep fascia is located.
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- Palmar aponeurosis.(to protect underlying nerves)
- Retinaculum.(to keep the wrist tendons in position) |
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Name 2 places where deep fasci is absent.
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- Most of the face.(not to prevent that facial expressions)
- Anterior walls of the abdomen. |
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What are the types of bones as seen by the naked eye?
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- Compact.(smooth, no pores)
- Cancellous.(Spongy) |
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What is the etymology of cancellous?
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Latin, Cancelli(intersecting), Osseus(Bars & plates)
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What fills the spaces in the cancellous bone?
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Bone Marrow
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What are the types of bones according to shape?
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long, short, flat, irregular.
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Give 2 examples of short bones
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- Carpal bones of the wrist.
- Tarsal bones of the feet |
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what is the name of the bone which holds the teeth?
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Maxilla(Latin mala = jaw)
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What is the name of the knee bone?
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Patella
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What are sesamoids?
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Bones which exist inside a tendon.
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What is the name of bones which contain air?
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Pneumatic bones
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