Anatomy Lect. Sk System

Front 1

5 Functions of Skeleton

Back 1

1. support body
2. attachment for sk muscles
3. protect vital organs
4. manufacture certain blood cells: hemopoiesis (bone marrow)
5. store certain chemical substances: calcium & phosphate

Front 2

Definition of skeletal system

Back 2

forms a solid framework around which the body is built- composed of bones and cartilage

Front 3

4 Types of bones

Back 3

1. Long bone- length exceeds width
2. short bone- length equals width
3. flat bone- bone expanded into one plane (scapula)
4. irregular bone- does not fit into a category- vertebrae

Front 4

Divisions of skeleton

Back 4

1. axial
2. appendicular
3. Other (sesamoid, ectopic)

Front 5

What is the axial skeleton?

Back 5

occupies central axis of body

Front 6

4 parts of the axial skeleton

Back 6

1. skull and hyoid (23)
2. vertebral column (7,12,5, sacrum, coccyx)
3. ribs and sternum (25)
4. middle ear bones (6)

Front 7

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Back 7

comprises the appendages: upper and lower limb

Front 8

Bones of the upper limb? How many?

Back 8

64
1. clavicle/collar bone
2. scapula
3. humerus
4. ulna & radius
5. carpal bones (8)-wrist
6. metacarpal bones (5) palm
7. 14 phalanges- fingers

Front 9

Bones of lower limb? How many?

Back 9

1. hip bone
2. femur
3. patella
4. tibia and fibula
5. tarsal bones (7)-ankle
6. metatarsal (5) foot
7. phalanges (14) toes

Front 10

Total number of bones?

Back 10

206

Front 11

11 components of Long Bone

Back 11

1. epiphysis
2. diaphysis
3. compact bone
4. spongy bone
5. periosteum
6. endosteum
7. medullary cavity
8. articular cartilage
9. articular capsule
10. epiphyseal disc
11. metaphysis

Front 12

The two ends of a long bone which are wider than the shaft, and take part in formation of a joint

Back 12

epiphysis

Front 13

shaft of a long bone

Back 13

diaphysis

Front 14

bone laid down in concentric layers making it appear solid. This type of bone forms the outer surface of all bones and is thicker in the diaphysis and thinner at the epiphysis.

Back 14

Compact Bone

Front 15

Compact bone is thicker in what and thinner in what?

Back 15

thicker in diaphysis, thinner in epiphysis

Front 16

composed of very thin plates of bone that meet other plates of bone at various angles, leaving spaces between. Found in the epiphysis.

Back 16

Spongy bone

Front 17

Where is spongy bone found?

Back 17

epiphysis

Front 18

Connective tissue sheath composed of two layers: Outer (fibrous and place of insertion for muscles) and inner (delicate cellular layer responsible for producing growth in the diameter of bone)

Back 18

Periosteum

Front 19

What are these two layers and what do they compose?
1. tough fibrous that serves as place of insertion for muscle tendons
2. delicate cellular layer responsible for producing growth in the diameter of the bone

Back 19

1. outer layer
2. inner layer
Periosteum

Front 20

What does the inner layer of the periosteum do?

Back 20

produces growth in the diameter of the bone

Front 21

thin, cellular layer found lining the medullary cavity and the cavities of spongy bone. Its primary function is to destroy bone, thus allowing for growth in the diameter of the marrow cavity, which prevents bone from becoming too solid and heavy as it increases in size.

Back 21

Endosteum

Front 22

what two cavities does the endosteum line?

Back 22

medullary cavity and cavities of spongy bone

Front 23

What is the endosteum's primary function?

Back 23

to destroy bone to allow growth in the diameter of the marrow cavity

Front 24

cavity running the lenth of the diaphysis that contains either red marrow, yellow marrow or combinations of both

Back 24

Medullary Cavity

Front 25

What does red marrow do?

Back 25

actively forms blood cells

Front 26

What does yellow marrow do?

Back 26

develops fat cells

Front 27

Medullary cavity contains what?

Back 27

red and/or yellow marrow

Front 28

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface of each epiphysis, resiliency of this material cushions the joint during movement

Back 28

Articular cartilage

Front 29

connects two bones together and completely encircles the joint, thus enclosing a joint or synovial cavity

Back 29

Articular capsule

Front 30

Articular capsule composed of what two layers?

Back 30

1. outer fibrous layer-continuous w/ periosteum
2. inner layer= synovial membrane: lines inside of fibrous layer, it is vascular and produces synovial fluid

Front 31

What is the inner layer of the articular capsule called and what does it do?

Back 31

Synovial membrane: it is vascular and produces synovial fluid-fills the joint cavity, lubricates the joint, and nourishes the articular cartilage

Front 32

in embryo or a growing child, it is a cartilaginous plate located at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis that allows for growth in length of bone.

Back 32

epiphyseal disc

Front 33

where is the epiphyseal disc located

Back 33

junction of epiphysis and diaphysis

Front 34

spongy bone tissue located at the junction of the diaphysis and the epiphyseal disc. In the adult, the bony tissue of this is continuous with the epiphysis

Back 34

metaphysis

Front 35

where is the metaphysis located

Back 35

junction of diaphysis and epiphyseal disc

Front 36

What type of tissue is cartilage

Back 36

tough connective tissue

Front 37

3 characteristics of cartilage

Back 37

1. lacks nerves
2. lacks blood vessels
3. classified via histological appearance of intercellular matrix

Front 38

2 types of cartilage

Back 38

1. hyaline cartilage
2. fibrocartilage
3. elastic cartilage

Front 39

cartilage with a glassy, translucent appearance

Back 39

hyaline

Front 40

What 6 places can hyaline cartilage be found?

Back 40

1. embryo
2. epiphyseal discs
3. articular surfaces
4. costal cartilages (btw. ribs and sternum)
5. larynx, trachea and bronchi (resp.)
6. nasal cartilages

Front 41

What two places can fibrocartilage be found

Back 41

1. interpubic disc (symphysis pubis)
2. intervertebral discs (btw. vertebrae)

Front 42

What 3 places can elastic cartilage be found?

Back 42

1. aurical (external ear)
2. auditory tube (connects ear & pharynx)
3.epiglottis (flap that keeps food from entering lungs)