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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the integuementary system composed of? (2 things)
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skin and underlying subcutaneous
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What is the largest organ in the body and its percentage of total body weight?
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skin: 15%
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What are the 5 functions of the integuementary system?
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1. protection of underlying tissues
2. site of sensory nerve receptors 3. regulation of body temperature 4. water excretion 5. formation of vitamin D- essential for calcium absorption from food |
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2 layers of the skin?
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epidermis and dermis
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What layer do the two layers of skin lie on?
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subcutaneous tissue (sub=below, cutis=skin)
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Where is the thickest skin located? How thick?
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back: 1/2 cm
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Where is the thinnest skin located? how thin?
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eyelids: 1/2 mm
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What is the outermost layer of skin and what is it composed of?
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Epidermis:
-stratified squamous keratinized epithelium |
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The epidermis is ____ and doesnt contain ____ and ____
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It is avascular.
It does not contain nerve endings and nerve receptors. |
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Describe the activities of the deepest layers of the epidermis.
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Cells undergo mitosis and migrate to the outermost layers where they become dessicated (dry out), convert to keratin, and slough off.
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How long does it take for cells to go from basal layer to slough?
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30 days
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What is the epithelium constantly doing?
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regenerating
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What do the deeper layers of the epidermis contain and what do they produce?
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melanocytes-dark pigment called melanin
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What is melanin responsible for and what is its function?
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It is responsible for skin color and protects from UV light
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What are papillary ridges also known as and what is responsible for them on the palms and soles
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finger prints, keratin
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What is the layer deep to the epidermis?
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dermis
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What is the dermis composed of?
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dense irregular connective tissue
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What two things does the dermis contain?
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blood vessels and nerves
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The dermis is what percentage of the thickness of skin?
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80%
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What has many collagen fibers, sweat glands and hair follicles?
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dermis
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What lies deep to the dermis?
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subcutaneous tissue
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What is subcutaneous tissue composed of?
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loose connective tissue and adipose cells
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What goes through the subcutaneous on its way to the dermis?
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blood vessels and cutaneous nerves
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3 functions of the adipose tissue?
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insulation, conserve body heat, act as shock absorber
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5 associated structures of the integument?
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1. hair follicles
2. sebaceous glands 3. arrector pilorum 4. sweat glands 5. nails |
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Hair Follicles are derived from where and grow down into where?
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derived from epidermis, grow down into dermis and subcutaneous tissue
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What type of cells to hair follicles have and what do they do?
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they have follicle cells, which undergo mitosis and produces the hair
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What do sebaceous glands produce and how are they formed?
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they produce oil and are formed by the disintegration of some gland cells.
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What do sebaceous glands produce and what is its route?
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sebum: duct -> neck of hair follicle
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What type of muscle is arrector pilorum?
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smooth
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What is the arrector pilorum attached to?
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hair follicle and epidermal-dermal junction
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Explain what the arrector pilorum does
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contracts due to cold weather -> traps layer of air within hairs and acts as an insulator
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Where do sweat glands have their secretion part and where do their ducts pass through?
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Secretion part in the dermis, ducts pass through epidermis to open pores on the skin surface
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What is sweat composed of and what is its function?
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H2O and NaCl -> cools body as it evaporates
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What is the function of nails and what are they composed of?
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Protective structures: hard keratin.
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