Anatomy Lect. Articular System

Front 1

definition of articulation

Back 1

connection between components of skeletal system

Front 2

arthrology

Back 2

study of joints

Front 3

arthron in greek

Back 3

joint

Front 4

arthritis

Back 4

inflammation of joints

Front 5

3 types of joints-classified based on nature of tissue between the 2 articulating ends of bones

Back 5

1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
3. synovial

Front 6

fibrous joint

Back 6

(synarthrosus) intervening tissue is fibrous connective tissue

Front 7

cartilaginous joint

Back 7

(ampiarthrosus) intervening tissue is carilage

Front 8

synovial joint

Back 8

(diarthrosus) intervening tissue is synovial fluid

Front 9

2 types of fibrous joints

Back 9

1. suture
2. syndesmoses

Front 10

What is a suture? (4)

Back 10

1. formed by 2 bones whose articulating surfaces are serrated-interdigitations
2. immovable
3. only in the skull
4. ex: sagittal suture

Front 11

What is a syndesmoses

Back 11

1. fibrous joint where intervening connective tissue is greater than that found in a suture
2. slightly movable

Front 12

Where are the two places you can find a syndesmoses joint

Back 12

1. forearm
2. leg

Front 13

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Back 13

1. hyaline cartilage joint
2. fibrocartilaginous joint

Front 14

What is a hyaline cartilage joint? (4)

Back 14

1. intervening tissue is hyaline cartilage
2. immovable
3. btw epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bone-its temporary and will later ossify
4. ex: epiphyseal disc

Front 15

What is a fibrocartilaginous joint (3)

Back 15

1. intervening cartilage is fibrocartilage
2. slightly movable
3. locations: btw. vertebral bodies, btw right and left pubic bones

Front 16

3 things about synovial joints

Back 16

1. intervening tissue is synovial fluid
2. ends of articulating bones are covered by articular cartilage
3. joint is encapsulated by articular capsule

Front 17

Where is synovial fluid derived from?

Back 17

blood

Front 18

3 things about articular cartilage

Back 18

1. layer of hyaline cartilage
2. avascular & lacks nerves
3. raduilucent (doesnt show on x-rays)

Front 19

3 types of movements at synovial joints

Back 19

1. gliding
2. angular
3. rotation

Front 20

3 limitations of movement

Back 20

1. shape of articulating surfaces
2. ligaments and capsule at the joint
3. muscles that act on the joint

Front 21

what type of synovial movement involves flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

Back 21

angular movement

Front 22

what type of synovial joint movement involves medial, lateral, supination and pronation

Back 22

rotation

Front 23

6 types of synovial joints

Back 23

1. plane
2. hinge (gingylmus)
3. pivot (trochoid)
4. condyloid (ellipsoidal)
5. saddle (sellar)
6. ball and socket (spheroidea)

Front 24

Describe a synovial plane joint

Back 24

1. articular surfaces flat
2. alows sliding/gliding
3. ex: btw. carpal and tarsal bones

Front 25

Describe Hinge synovial joint

Back 25

1. articular surfaces convex surface(s) fitting into concave surface(s)
2. movement of flexion and extension in one plane
3. ex: elbow, knee and ankle

Front 26

Describe pivot synovial joint

Back 26

1. articular surfaces present round projection within concave depression
2. allows movement of medial and lateral rotation around longitudinal axis
3. ex: btw radius and ulna

Front 27

Describe condyloid joint

Back 27

1. articular surfaces present condyloid projection in a concave depression
2. allws flexion, extension, abduction and adduction in 2 planes
3. ex: wrist joint

Front 28

Describe saddle synovial joint

Back 28

1. articular surfaces reciprocally concave-convex
2. flexion, extension, abduction, adduction in 2 planes, plus rotation
3. ex: joint of the thumb

Front 29

describe ball and socket synovial joint

Back 29

1. maximum amount of movement
2. articular surfaces present surface of one bone moving in socket of another
3. allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation in infinite number of planes
4. ex: shoulder and hip

Front 30

Rule of stability of a joint

Back 30

as freedom of movement increases, stability of the joint decreases

Front 31

Definition of a Bursa

Back 31

1. purse
2. small sac lined w/ synovial membrane w/ synovial-like fluid
3. bursititis= inflammation of a bursa

Front 32

Function of Bursa

Back 32

1. facilitates movement by minimizing friction

Front 33

Structure of bursa

Back 33

1. closed connective tissue sac lined with secretory synovial membrane
2. filled w/ clear viscid fluid secreted by synovial membrane (cushioning effect)

Front 34

What is an elongated bursa which encloses a tendon called, often located between tendons of wrist and ankle and retinacula

Back 34

synovial sheath

Front 35

Where can bursa be found?

Back 35

1. btw skin and bone
2. btw. tendon and bone
3. btw. muscle and bone
4. btw tendon and retinacula