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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sympathetic/parasympathetic
in terms of sex function in terms of BV in terms of eyes |
decrease in sym, indcrease in para
affect BV, no affect BV para: constriction of pupil |
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secrete what
sympathetic parasympathetic in terms of mylination? |
pre: acetylcholine
post for sym: epine+NE., exception: ace in sweat gland and BV IN SKELETAL MUSCLE para: acetylcholine myelinated in all pre and unmyelinated in post |
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sympathetic system started from?
Para system started from? where are postganglionic ganglia? what is it called? |
T1-L2 called throacolumbar, lateral grey horn
CN 3 7 9 10 + Sacral flow (S2,S3,S4) III VII IX X all from the brain stem close to organ, intramural ganglia |
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Cranial flow and Sacral flow functions to
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3: pupil constriction
7: lacrimal and salivary gland 9: parotid gland 10: visceral organ relaxation, digestion Sacral: distal half of colon, defecation, urination, erection (sex) |
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in Sympathetic system.
where do preganglionic synpase into postganglionic? |
1. bilaterally, sympathetic chain ganglia, or called paravertebral
or 2. unpaired prevertebral ganglia, or called preaortic or collateral |
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whats white rami and grey rami
what is found in sympathetic trunk? found in? also called? where do white and grey rami be found |
white: preganglionic to sympathetic trunk ganglia
grey: postganglionic to peripheral structure post ganglionic cell body both side of vertebral column. run all the way along vertebra column. paravertebral trunk white: only T1-L2, grey: all along the vertebra |
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6 pathways for sympathetic system?
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1. body periphery
2. head 3. thoracic 4. abdominal organ 5. pelvic viscera 6. adrenal medulla |
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sympathetic pathway:
1. body periphery |
lateral horn
ventral root spinal nerve ventral ramus white ramus communican a) same level and exit grey ramus communican b) ascend/descend insympathetic trunk and exit at different grey ramus communican dorsal/ventral rami to skin |
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Sympathetic pathway:
2. head |
lateral horn T1-T4
white ramus communican ascend to and synapse to superior cervical ganglion plexus in head |
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Sympathetic pathway:
3. Thoracic organs |
T1-T6
white ramus communicans a) same level and goes to pumlonary, esophageal and heart b) ascend and synpase to cervical ganglia |
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sympathetic pathway:
4. abdominal organs |
T5-L2
NO SYNPASING at trunk and goes to splanchnic nerve synpase at celiac or superior mesenteric ganglion. |
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sympathetic pathway:
5. pelvic organ |
T10-L2
white ramus communican a) descend to lumbar/sacral ganglia, no synpase yet, then go to inferior mesentric, aortic and hypogastric plexus b) travel/synpase at inferior mesentric and inferior hypogastric ganglia baldder, sex organ, distal large intestine. |
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Sympathetic pathway:
6. Adrenal Medulla |
T8-L1
white rammus communicans thoracic splanchnic nerve synpase at adrenal medulla: NE, or Epinephrine. |
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function of NE and Epi. in adrenal medulla?
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stimulate glucose release from liver
increase heart rate/ blood pressure increase airway diameter |
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what is stress?
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adaptive activation of sympathetic nerve system.
chronic activation=maladaptive lead to: depression, insomnia, cancer, memory impairement |
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Special sensory includes
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somatic and visceral special sensory
somatic special sensory: hearing, equilibrium and vision Visceral special sensory: taste and smell |
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where do taste bud located ?
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along papilla walls in circumvallet and foliate
apical surface in fungiform |
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what nerve is used in taste?
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Facial VII, Glossopharygeal IX, and Vagus X
send from gastatory epithelial cell |
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5 different tastes
how do they connect |
Bitter Sweet salty umami sour
combination of activated cells and patterns of activity |
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pathway of food signaling
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CN
solitary nucleus in medulla VPN of thalamus gastatory cortex in insular lobe |
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Facial nerve responsible for?
Glossopharyngeal? vagus? |
anterior 2/3
posterior 1/3 back and epiglottis |
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what separate nasal cavity and cranial cavity
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cribiform plate
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pathway of smell:
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odor
olfactory cilia （immobile), the dendrites go through cribifom plate synpase with mitral cell dendrites in glomeruli (in the olfactory bulb) olfactory tract (axons of mitral cell) |
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olfactory epithelium includes?
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basal cell
supporting cell olfactory neuron and cilia |
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smells can go to (5) or thalamus
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1. piriform cortex
2. amygdala 3. entorhinal cortex 4. anterior commissure 5. hippocampus |
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Piriform cortex is responsible for
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identify odor
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amygdala
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social behaviour
emotion |
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entorhinal cortex
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smell recall, memory
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hippocampus
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smell recall, memory
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anterior commissure
primary olfactory cortex |
connect hemisphere
conscious and perception or odor |
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thalamus-->?
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orbital cortex of frontal lobe
smell/taste mix here |
