Anatomy: Larynx And Nasal Cavity

Front 1

What is the opening of the larynx called?

Back 1

The aditus

Front 2

What is the vestibule of the larynx located?

Back 2

From the aditus to the vesibular folds (above the false cords)

Front 3

What is the area between the true and false cords?

Back 3

The ventricle

Front 4

Where is the infraglottic cavity?

Back 4

Area below the true vocal fold

Front 5

What are the four cartilages of the larynx?

Back 5

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis
Arytenoids

Front 6

What portion of the arytenoid articulates with the true vocal cord?

Back 6

Vocal process

Front 7

Describe the articulation of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage.

Back 7

Synovial joint

Front 8

How is the arytenoids connected to the cricoid cartilage?

Back 8

Through a synovial joint

Front 9

What is the membrane between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage?

Back 9

Thyrohyoid membrane

Front 10

What is the membrane between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages?

Back 10

Cricothyroid membrane

Front 11

What structures pass through the thyrohyoid membrane?

Back 11

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from X
Superior laryngeal artery and vein

Front 12

Where is the vestibular ligament?

Back 12

Ligament of the false vocal cord

Front 13

What are the boundaries of the quadrangle ligament?

Back 13

Medially: epiglottic cartilage
Inferiorly: forms the false vocal fold

Front 14

The free edge of what structure forms the true vocal fold and vocal ligament?

Back 14

Conus elasticus

Front 15

What structures form the glottis?

Back 15

True vocal fold and the slit between the vocal folds

Front 16

The Crico-thyroid joint allow movement in which plane?

Back 16

Transverse plane
flexion/extension of the head

Front 17

The Cricoarytenoid joint allows movement on which axes?

Back 17

Vertical
Horizontal

Front 18

Movement of the arytenoids results in what type of movements in the vocal ligaments?

Back 18

Whether rotation on the vertical axis or movement on the horizontal axis, movement results in abduction/adduction of the vocal fold.

Front 19

Which muscles control adduction/abduction of the vocal folds on the vertical axis?

Back 19

Lateral and posterior cricoarytenoids

Front 20

Which muscles control the gliding movements of the arytenoids?

Back 20

transverse and oblique arytenoids

Front 21

What muscle acts as a tensor of the vocal folds?

Back 21

cricothyroid

Front 22

What is the action of the cricothyroid?

Back 22

Flex/extend cricothyroid joint
Stretches vocal fold

Front 23

What muscle is an abductor of the vocal folds?

Back 23

Posterior cricoarytenoids

Front 24

What muscles are adductors of the vocal folds?

Back 24

Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid

Front 25

What muscle is a relaxor of the vocal fold?

Back 25

thyroarytenoid

Front 26

What muscles control the laryngeal inlet?

Back 26

Oblique arytenoid
Thyroepiglottic muscle

Front 27

What does the contraction of the aryepiglottics and the thyroepiglotic muscles do?

Back 27

Decrease the size of the aditus

Front 28

What is the action of the posterior cricoarytenoid?

Back 28

Abduction

Front 29

What is the action of the lateral cricoarytenoids?

Back 29

Adduction

Front 30

What is the action of the Oblique arytenoid?

Back 30

Adduction

Front 31

What is the action of the transverse arytenoids?

Back 31

Adduction

Front 32

What is the action of the vocalis muscle?

Back 32

relaxation

Front 33

What is the action of the thyroarytenoid?

Back 33

Relaxation

Front 34

What it the action of the cricothyroid muscle?

Back 34

Tensing: pulls the thyroid and cricocartilages together. Stretching the vocal ligament

Front 35

What is the only abductor of the arytenoid?

Back 35

posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 36

Describe the cough reflex.

Back 36

In: X
Out: X and phrenic

Front 37

What is the lowest constrictor in the pharynx?

Back 37

cricopharyngeus

Front 38

What structures are formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominence?

Back 38

Philtrum
Incisors
Triangular primary palate until the incisive canal

Front 39

What embryonic structure will form the hard palate posterior to the incisive canal?

Back 39

maxillary prominence

Front 40

What structure opens into the inferior nasal meatus?

Back 40

Nasolacrimal duct

Front 41

What structures are visible in the middle nasal meatus?

Back 41

Bulla
Hiatus semilunaris

Front 42

Which sinuses open into the hiatus semilunaris?

Back 42

Frontal sinus (superior opening)
Maxillary sinus (inferior opening)

Front 43

What structure opens onto the bulla in the middle nasal meatus?

Back 43

ethmoid air cells

Front 44

What sinus opening is most posteriosuperior in the nasal cavity?

Back 44

Opening to the sphenoidal sinus in the sphenoethmoidal recess

Front 45

What bones form the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Back 45

Ethmoid
Septal cartilage
Vomer

Front 46

The nasal cavity receives three sources of blood supply. What are they?

Back 46

Sphenopalatine- Maxillary branch
Ethmoidal artery
Facial artery

Front 47

What nerves supply innervation to the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Back 47

Anterior Ethmoid (V1)
Nasopalatine (V2)

Front 48

What nerve passes through the incisive canal to innervate the mucosa of the palate?

Back 48

Nasopalatine (V2)

Front 49

What sinuses are present 1 year after birth?

Back 49

Only maxillary

Front 50

What sinuses are present at age 6?

Back 50

Sphenoid
Ethmoid air cells
Maxillary

Front 51

What sinuses are present at age 10?

Back 51

Maxillary
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Frontal

Front 52

How do the sinuses development from age 10 to 21?

Back 52

Get larger

Front 53

At what age are all sinuses present?

Back 53

10 yrs

Front 54

What two openings allow access to the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 54

Foramen rotundum
pterygoid canal

Front 55

What structure passes through the foramen rotundum?

Back 55

V2 - Maxillary nerve

Front 56

What structure passes through the pterygoid canal to gain the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 56

Nerve of the pterygoid canal: Greater petrosal + Deep petrosal

Front 57

What does the deep petrosal nerve carry?

Back 57

Sympathetics from the carotid plexus

Front 58

What nerve supplies the parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 58

Greater petrosal

Front 59

How does blood supply reach the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 59

Via the pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 60

Through what openings do structures leave the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 60

Inferior orbital fissure (Infraorbital nerve)
Palatine canal (G/L palatine nerves)
Sphenopalatine foramen (Nasopalatine nerve)

Front 61

What branches come off of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 61

Lateral nasal branches
Greater and lesser palatine nerves
nasopalatine nerve

Front 62

What opening connects the nasal cavity with the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 62

Sphenopalatine foramen

Front 63

What two nerve branches communicate at the incisive canal?

Back 63

Greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

Front 64

How does the greater petrosal get to the lacrimal gland?

Back 64

Joins deep petrosal (sympathetics) prior to reaching the pterygopalatine ganglion. Rides zygomaticotemporal (V2) until it jumps to the lacrimal nerve (V1) to the lacrimal gland.

Front 65

What does the greater petrosal carry?

Back 65

parasympathetic to the lacrimal gland