Anatomy Lab Exam 2 Muscles

Front 1

Upper Trapezius

Back 1

Action: Elevation and Up rotation
Origin: Base of skull, occipital protuberance
Insertion: posterior aspect of the lateral third of the clavical
Where? Throughout the scapula

Front 2

Middle Trapezius

Back 2

Action: Elevation and Adduction and Up Rotation
Origin: Spinous process of 7th cervical and upper 3 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of the acromion process and superior border of the scapular spine
where? throughout the scapula

Front 3

Lower Trapezius

Back 3

Action: Adduction, Depression, Up rotation
Origin: Spinous process of 4-12 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Triangular space at the base of the scapular spine
where? throughout the scapula

Front 4

Rhomboids

Back 4

Action: Adduction, Down rotation, elevation
Origin: spinous process of the last cervical and the first 5 thoracic
Insertion: medial border of the scapula below the spine
where? along the spine at the edge of the scapula

Front 5

Serratus Anterior

Back 5

Action: abducts scapula
Origin: upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion: medial border of the scapula
where? wraps around upper part of ribs

Front 6

Levator Scapulae

Back 6

Action: elevation
origin: transverse processes of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae
insertion: medial border of the scapula
where? along neck

Front 7

teres major

Back 7

action: extension, adduction, internal rotation
origin: posteriorly on inferior 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula just superior to the inferior angle.
insertion: medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
where? along scapula

Front 8

infraspinatus

Back 8

action: external rotation, horizontal abduction, diagonal abudction
origin: medial aspect of the infraspinatus fossa just below the spine of the scapula
insertion: posteriorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus
where? on top of teres major and minor

Front 9

teres minor

Back 9

action: external rotation, horizontal abduction, diagonal adduction
origin: posteriorly on upper and middle aspect of the lateral border of scapula
insertion: posteriorly on greater tubercle of humerus
where? along scapula

Front 10

posterior deltoid

Back 10

action: abduction, horizontal abduction, diagonal abduction
origin: inferior edge of the spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
where? back of shoulder

Front 11

supraspinatus

Back 11

action: abduction
origin: medial 2/3 of supraspinatus fossa
insertion: superior portion of greater tubercle
where? top of shoulder on acromion

Front 12

latissimus dorsi

Back 12

action: extension, adduction, internal rotation
origin: posterior crest of ilium back of sacrum and spnious processes of the lumbar and lower 6 thoracic vertebrae
insertion: medial side of the bicipital groove of humerus
where? covers rib cage

Front 13

triceps brachii long head

Back 13

action: extension of elbow, extension of shoulder, adduction of shoulder
origin: infraglenoid tubercle below the inferior lip of the glenoid fossa
insertion: olecranon process
where? under part of triceps by shoulder - long: up most into shoulder

Front 14

brachii

Back 14

all 3 heads - plural

Front 15

triceps brachii lateral head

Back 15

action: extension of elbow
origin: upper 1/2 of posterior surface of humerus
insertion: olecranon process
where? inside long head - part you would use

Front 16

triceps brachii medial head

Back 16

action: extension of elbow
origin: distal 2/3 of the posterior surface of the humerus
insertion: olecranon process
where? under part of triceps by elbow, small on pinky side

Front 17

brachioradialis

Back 17

action: flexion of elbow, pronation, supination
origin: distal 2/3 of the lateral condyoid ridge of humerus
insertion: lateral surface of the distal end of the styloid process of the styloid process of the radius
where? similar to biceps brachii, attaches at styloid process
#19

Front 18

extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 18

action: extension of the wrist, adduction of the wrist, weak extension of the elbow
origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and middle 1/2 of the posterior border of the ulna
insertion: base of the 5th metacarpal on the dorsal surface
where? ulnar side
#32

Front 19

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 19

action: extension of the wrist, abduction of the wrist, weak extension of the elbow
origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: base of the 3rd metacarpal on dorsal surface
where? smaller
#21

Front 20

extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 20

action: extension of the wrist, abduction of the wrist, weak extension of the elbow
origin: lower 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: base of the 2nd metacarpal on dorsal surface
where? longer between brachii radialis and radialis brevis
#20

Front 21

brevis

Back 21

smaller

Front 22

extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 22

action: extension of the wrist, abduction of the wrist, weak extension of the elbow
origin: lower 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: base of the 2nd metacarpal on dorsal surface
where? longer between brachii radialis and radialis brevis
#20

Front 23

extensor digitorum

Back 23

action: extension of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joint. extension of the wrist, weak extension of the elbow
origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: four tendons to bases of 2nd and 3rd phalanges on 4 fingers on dorsal surface
where? long after carpis radialis. middle extending digits
#22

Front 24

abductor pollicis longus

Back 24

action: abduction of the thumb, abduction of the wrist
origin: posterior aspect of the radius and midshaft of ulna
insertion: base of the 1st metacarpal on dorsal surface
where? deep layer acting on thumb, brings outside
#35

Front 25

extensor pollicis longus

Back 25

action: extension of the thumb, extension of the wrist.
origin: posterior lateral surface of the lower middle ulna
insertion: base of distal phalanx of the thumb on dorsal surface
where? deep layer acting on thumb
#36

Front 26

extensor pollicis brevis

Back 26

action: extension of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint. weak wrist extension
origin: posterior surface of the lower middle radius
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb on dorsal surface
where? acting on thumb, deep layer closest to thumb

Front 27

supinator

Back 27

action: supination of forearm
origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and neighboring posterior part of the ulna
insertion: lateral surface of the proximal radius just below the head
where? deep layer acting on thumb, turns the wrist over
#34

Front 28

biceps femoris

Back 28

action: extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, xternal rotation of the hip, external knee rotation
origin: long head: ischial tuberosity, short head: lower half of the linea aspera and lateral condyloid ridge
insertion: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia
where? femoris- femur, right up the middle. makes up the hamstring
#18

Front 29

semitendinosus

Back 29

action: extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the hip, internal knee rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion:upper anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle
where? same as biceps femoris. tenda "lateral". makes up the hamstring
#16

Front 30

semimembranosus

Back 30

action: extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the hip, internal knee rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle
where? "membra" = medial. makes up the hamstrings
#17

Front 31

gluteus maximus

Back 31

action: extension of the hip, external rotation of the hip, lower fibers assist in adduction
origin: posterior 1/4 of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of teh sacrum and coccyx and fascia of the lumbar area
insertion: oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter and the iliotibial band of the fasciae latae
where? main big butt
#1

Front 32

gluteus medius

Back 32

action: abduction of the hip, external rotation as the hip abducts, internal rotation (anterior fibers)
origin: lateral surface of the ilium just below the crest
insertion: posterior and middle surfaces of the greater trochanter
where? top of ass - below maxiumus

Front 33

gluteus minimus

Back 33

action: abduction of the hip, hip internal rotation as femur is abducted
origin: lateral surface of the ilium just below the origin of the gluteus medius
insertion: anterior surface of the greater trochanter
where? deeper tissue: beneath medius and maximus
#1Q

Front 34

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 34

action: abduction of the hip, flexion of the hip, internal rotation of the hip as it flexes
origin: anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium just below the crest
insertion: 1/4 of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract
where? top of quad, front lower part of hip, goes right into I.T. band
#7

Front 35

gastrocenemius

Back 35

action: plantar flexion of the ankle, flexion of the knee
origin: medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle. lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle
insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus
where? calf (25) lateral = long main part. medial = inside of calf
#24

Front 36

Soleus

Back 36

action: plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: posterior surface of the proximal fibula and proximal 2/3 of the posterior tibial surface
insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus
where? above akeles tendon outside of the ankle. deeper. under gastrocenemius
#27

Front 37

Tibialis posterior

Back 37

action: inversion of the foot. plantar flexion of the ankle
origin:posterior surface of the upper 1/2 of the interosseus membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula
insertion: lower inner surfaces of the navicular and cuneiform bones and bases of the 2-5 metatarsal bones
where? deep muscle below calcaneal on akeles tendon
#30

Front 38

flexor digitorum longus

Back 38

action: flexion of the 4 lesser toes, plantar flexion of the ankle, inversion of the foot
origin: middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia
insertion: base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes
where? inside of ankle

Front 39

flexor halllicus longus

Back 39

action: flexion of the great toe. inversion of the foot. plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: middle 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula
insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the big toe, under surface
where? outside of ankle. deeper muscles

Front 40

interosseus membrane

Back 40

between two bones
membrane acts like a sheet that muscles attach on to.

Front 41

peroneus longus

Back 41

action: eversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: head and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
insertion: under surfaces of the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
where? lateral, outside ankle

Front 42

peroneus brevis

Back 42

action: eversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
insertion: base of the 5th metatarsal
where? deeper below peroneus longus. outside ankle

Front 43

erector spinae

Back 43

action: lateral flexion of the spine, extension of the spine
origin: thracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum to posterior ribs and transverse processes of thoracic
insertion: cervical, thoracic transverse processes

Front 44

quadratus lumborum

Back 44

action: lateral flexion to the side on which it is located, stabilizes the pelvis and lumbar spine
origin: posterior inner lip of the iliac crest
insertion: approx. 1/2 length of the lower border of the 12th rib and the transverse process of the 4 upper lumbar vertebrae
where? above illiac crest below attached 12th rib