Anatomy Lab Book Flashcards

Front 1

this vein begins at the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and continues superiorly along the medial aspect of the leg, passes through the saphenous hiatus just inferior to the ingunal ligament, and ends in the femoral vein

Back 1

greater saphenous vein

Front 2

what vein does the greater saphenous vein end in once it has traversed up the leg?

Back 2

femoral vein

Front 3

what malleolus does the greater saphenous vein travel anterior to?

Back 3

medial

Front 4

what femoral epicondyle does the greater saphenous vein travel slightly posterior to?

Back 4

medial

Front 5

this nerve passes behind the lateral aspect of the inguinal ligament on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh

Back 5

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Front 6

this branch of the femoral nerve is closely associated with the greater saphenous vein

Back 6

medial branch of the anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve

Front 7

this nerve pierces the deep fascia at the medial knee; at this point it descends with the greater saphenous vein; it is the terminal branch of the femoral nerve

Back 7

saphenous nerve

Front 8

this nerve is near the saphenous hiatus just below the inguinal ligament

Back 8

genitofemoral nerve

Front 9

this is a flat, quadrilateral muscle on the superior lateral aspect of the thigh tha tinserts into the IT band 1/3 of the way down the thigh

Back 9

tensor fascia lata

Front 10

this is a long thin muscle that crosses laterally to medially across the anterior thigh

Back 10

sartorius

Front 11

this is a muscle located on the anteriot thigh, superior portion is covered by the sartorius and tensor fascia lata

Back 11

rectus femoris

Front 12

this muscle is lateral to the rectus femoris

Back 12

vastus lateralis

Front 13

this separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh and extends from the fascia lata to the femur

Back 13

lateral intermuscular septum

Front 14

this muscle is medal to the rectus femoris

Back 14

vastus medialis

Front 15

this muscle is deep to the rectus femoris

Back 15

vastus intermedius

Front 16

this muscle is located on the medial aspect of the thigh, running from the inferior ramus of the pubis to the medial tibia; it begins broad and flat, and ends as a rounded tendon and lies deep to the sartorius

Back 16

gracilis

Front 17

this muscle is lateral to the gracilis; it arises from the superior ramus of the pubis and fans out to its attachment on the medial femur

Back 17

adductor longus

Front 18

the femoral artery and vein are enclosed within this sheath

Back 18

femoral sheath

Front 19

this artery begins at the inguinal ligament as a continuation of the external iliac artery and lies between the femoral nerve and vein

Back 19

femoral artery

Front 20

what muscle does the femoral artery lie deep to?

Back 20

sartorius

Front 21

what artery does the femoral artery become after it passes through the adductor hiatus?

Back 21

popliteal artery

Front 22

this arter comes off the posterior aspect of the femoral artery 1.5-2 inches below the inguinal ligament; it passes posterior to the adductor longus

Back 22

profunda femoris

Front 23

what muscle does the profunda femoris pass posterior to?

Back 23

adductor longus

Front 24

between what muscles does the medial femoral circumflex artery pass to leave the femoral triangle?

Back 24

iliopsoas and pectineus

Front 25

the muscular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery supply what muscle group?

Back 25

adductor

Front 26

what two muscles does the lateral femoral circumflex artery travel laterally deep to?

Back 26

sartorius and rectus femoris

Front 27

this artery arises from the femoral artery just above the tendinous opening of the adductor magnus (Adductor hiatus)

Back 27

descending genicular artery

Front 28

this nerve lies anterior to the iliopsoas tendon and lateral to the femoral artery

Back 28

femoral nerve

Front 29

what four muscles does the femoral nerve supply?

Back 29

(1) pectineus
(2) sartorius
(3) quadriceps femoris
(4) iliopsoas

Front 30

what muscle does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve pierce?

Back 30

adductor longus

Front 31

The anterior branch of the obturator nerve is deep to what muscle?

Back 31

the pectineus

Front 32

the anterior branch of the obturator nerve is anterior to what muscle?.

Back 32

the obturator externus

Front 33

this muscle is deep tot he pectineus and adductor longus, and lies superficial to the adductor magnus

Back 33

adductor brevis

Front 34

this muscle is deep to the adductor brevis

Back 34

adductor magnus

Front 35

this muscle is deep to the pectineus and superior to the adductor magnus

Back 35

obturator externus

Front 36

the anterior branch of this nerve passes superficial to the adductor brevis and deep to the pectineus

Back 36

obturator nerve

Front 37

what muscle does the posterior branch of the obturator nerve pierce?

Back 37

obturator externis

Front 38

between what two muscles does the posterior branch of the obturator nerve pass?

Back 38

adductor brevis and adductor magnus

Front 39

this nerve runs downward over the posterolateral aspect of the iliac crest

Back 39

lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve

Front 40

these are several small nerve fibers crossing the iliac crest posterior and medial to the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve; they are the lateral branches of the dorsal rami of L1-L3

Back 40

superior cluneal nerves

Front 41

these are several small nerve fibers piercing the medial aspect of the gluteus maximus, located between the PSIS and coccyx; they come from the lateral branches of the dorsal rami of S1-S3

Back 41

medial cluneal nerves

Front 42

what levels of the dorsal rami do superior cluneal nerves arise from?

Back 42

L1-L3

Front 43

what levels of the dorsal rami do the medial cluneal nerves come from?

Back 43

S1-S3

Front 44

what muscle do the medial cluneal nerves pierce the medial aspect of?

Back 44

gluteus maximus

Front 45

what two bony aspects are the medial cluneal nerves located between?

Back 45

the PSIS and the coccyx

Front 46

these are several small nerve fibers curving superiorly from the inferior portion of the gluteaus maximus muscle; they are branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Back 46

inferior cluneal nerves

Front 47

what nerve are the inferior cluneal nerves branches of?

Back 47

the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Front 48

this muscle's fiber direction runs inferolateral from its connection to the ilium and sacrum and it is the most superficial muscle in the gluteal region

Back 48

gluteaus maximus

Front 49

what two muscles does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh run between?

Back 49

biceps femoris and semitendinosus

Front 50

this ligament runs from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity

Back 50

sacrotuberous ligament

Front 51

which ligament forms the inferomedial boundary of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Back 51

sacrotuberous ligament

Front 52

which ligament forms the superior boundary of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Back 52

sacrospinous ligament

Front 53

this ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine

Back 53

sacrospinous ligament

Front 54

what forms the lateral border of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Back 54

the lesser sciatic notch of the ischium

Front 55

what forms the lateral border of the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 55

greater sciatic notch

Front 56

what forms the medial border of the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 56

sacroiliac ligaments

Front 57

what two ligaments form the inferior border of the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 57

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Front 58

this muscle runs inferolaterally through the greater sciatic foramen, originating primariluy on the sacrum and inserting on the greater trochanter

Back 58

piriformis

Front 59

what two structures lie superior to the piriformis and also run through the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 59

superior gluteal nerve and artery

Front 60

what three muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

Back 60

(1) gluteus medius
(2) gluteus minimus
(3) TFL

Front 61

what is the parent artery of the superior gluteal artery?

Back 61

internal iliac artery

Front 62

what muscle does the superior gluteal artery run into the deep surface of the superior portion of?

Back 62

gluteus maximus

Front 63

what two structures are inferior to the piriformis and run through the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 63

inferior gluteal nerve and artery

Front 64

this nerve is seen on the deep surface of the inferior portion of the gluteus medius, running with the inferior gluteal artery

Back 64

inferior gluteal nerve

Front 65

what muscle does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

Back 65

gluteus maximus

Front 66

what is the parent artery of the inferior gluteal artery?

Back 66

internal iliac artery

Front 67

what anastomosis does the inferior gluteal artery contribute to?

Back 67

cruciate

Front 68

this is a large nerve, usually .25-.5 inches in diameter, that runs verticaly downward into the posterior thigh

Back 68

sciatic nerve

Front 69

what are the two branches of the sciatic nerve?

Back 69

(1) tibial
(2) common fibular

Front 70

the superior gemellus is inferior to what other muscle?

Back 70

piriformis

Front 71

the obturator internus is inferior to what other muscle?

Back 71

superior gemellus

Front 72

the inferior gemellus is inferior to what other muscle?

Back 72

obturator internus

Front 73

this is a quadrilateral shaped muscle inferior to the inferior gemellus and superior to the origin of the hamstring tendons

Back 73

quadratus femoris

Front 74

this nerve is the most medial structure that passes through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis; it passes deep to the sacrotuberous ligament through the lesser sciatic foramen

Back 74

pudendal nerve

Front 75

this artery is lateral to the pudendal nerve and alos passes deep to the sacrotuberous ligament through the lesser sciatic foramen

Back 75

internal pudendal artery

Front 76

what is the parent artery of the internal pudendal artery?

Back 76

internal iliac artery

Front 77

this nerve is lateral to the internal pudendal artery; it then goes through the lesser sciatic foramen

Back 77

nerve to the obturator internus

Front 78

what two muscles does the nerve to the obturator internus supply?

Back 78

(1) obturator internus
(2) superior gemellus

Front 79

this is the nerve that is the most lateral passing through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis; it is small and can be seen running vertically deep to the obturator internus and gemelli

Back 79

nerve to the quadratus femoris

Front 80

what two muscles does the nerve to the quadratus femoris supply?

Back 80

(1) quadratus femoris
(2) inferior gemellus

Front 81

this nerve arises from the tibla nerve, emerges near the popliteal fossa, and descends on the external surface of the gastrocnemius; it travels in close proximity to the lesser saphenous vein

Back 81

medial sural cutaneous nerve

Front 82

this nerve arises from the common fibular nerve, emerges near the popliteal fossa, and descends on the lateral head of the gastroc

Back 82

lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Front 83

this nerve arises from the common fibular nerve or as a branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, and joins the medial sural cutaneous to form the sural nerve

Back 83

fibular communicating branch

Front 84

this nerve is made up of the fibular communicating branch and the medial sural cutaneous nerve, which travels with the lesser saphenous vein in the midline on the posterior aspect of the calf muscles

Back 84

sural nerve

Front 85

this vein begins at the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch; it ascends in the subcutaneous tissue approximatley in the midline of hte calf, superficial to the gastrocnemius and then enters the popliteal fossa to terminate in the popliteal vein

Back 85

lesser saphenous vein

Front 86

what vein does the lesser saphenous vein terminate into?

Back 86

popliteal vein

Front 87

this muscle belly is found on the lateral aspect of the posterior thigh below the inferior border of the gluteus maximus

Back 87

long head of the biceps femoris

Front 88

this muscle is separated from the vastus lateralis by the lateral intermuscular septum and joins the side of the long head of the biceps

Back 88

short head of the biceps femoris

Front 89

this muscle is medial to the biceps femoris and becomes a rounded tendon that passes posterior to the medial aspect of the knee and forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa along with the samimembranosus

Back 89

semitendinosus

Front 90

this muscle is located anterior and medial to the semitendinosus; the tendon forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa

Back 90

semimembranosus

Front 91

at its insertion, the tendon of the semimembranosus is deep to the tendons of what two muscles?

Back 91

semitendinosis and gracilis

Front 92

at its insertion, the tendon of the semimembranosus is superficial to what muscle?

Back 92

the medial head of the gastroc

Front 93

what muscle can be found deep to the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

Back 93

adductor magnus

Front 94

which three muscles are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve?

Back 94

(1) semitendinosus
(2) semimembranosus
(3) long head of the biceps femoris
(4) adductor magnus

Front 95

what two nerves innervate the adductor magnus?

Back 95

(1) tibial division of the sciatic nerve
(2) obturator nerve

Front 96

what branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the shorth head of the biceps femoris?

Back 96

common fibular division

Front 97

the medial femoral circumflex artery can be found between which two muscles?

Back 97

quadratus femoris and adductor magnus

Front 98

what muscle do the perforating arteries of the profunda femoris pierce?

Back 98

adductor magnus

Front 99

what muscle forms the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

Back 99

biceps femoris

Front 100

what muscles form the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

Back 100

semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Front 101

what muscle forms the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

Back 101

lateral head of the gastroc

Front 102

what muscle forms the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

Back 102

medial head of the gastroc

Front 103

what structure forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?

Back 103

fascia (and skin covvering the fossa)

Front 104

what three things form the floor of the popliteal fossa?

Back 104

(1) popliteal surface of the femur
(2) oblique popliteal ligament
(3) fascia covering the popliteus muscle

Front 105

this nerve arises from the tibial nerve and exits the popliteal fossa superficial to the gastroc

Back 105

medial sural cutaneous nerve

Front 106

this terminal branch of the sciatic nerve runs lateral to the tibial nerve and descends near the medial border of the biceps femoris muscle

Back 106

common fibular nerve

Front 107

what nerve innervates the lateral head of the gastroc?

Back 107

common fibular

Front 108

this nerve arises from the common fibular nerve and exits the popliteal fossa superficial to the lateral head of the gastroc

Back 108

lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Front 109

this muscle is located in the lateral aspect of the popliteal fossa and is partially covered by the lateral head of the gastroc; as it descends medially toward its insertion on the calcaneus, it quickly becomes a long skiny tendon passing ove rthe tibial nerve and popliteal artery and then traveling between the gastroc and soleus muscle bellies

Back 109

plantaris

Front 110

what two muscle bellies does the tendon of the plantaris travel between?

Back 110

gastroc and soleus

Front 111

this muscle arises from the head of the fibula, medial aspect of the tibia, and a the intermuscular septum; it inserts into the calcaneus with the gastroc via the calcaneal tendon

Back 111

soleus

Front 112

this muscle lies deep to the tibial nerve and popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa and is covered by dense fascia; it originates from the lateral femoral condyle, runs across the popliteal fossa, and inserts ont he posterior surface of the tibia

Back 112

popliteus

Front 113

this artery descends vertically deep to the tibial nerve and is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa

Back 113

popliteal artery

Front 114

the popliteal artery is a continuation of which artery after passing through the adductor hiatus ?

Back 114

tibial artery

Front 115

where does the tibial artery change into the popliteal artery?

Back 115

adductor hiatus

Front 116

this artery is located immediately superior to the posterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur and is a named genicular branch that contributes to the genicular anastomosis

Back 116

superior lateral genicular

Front 117

this artery is immediately superior to the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the femur and is a named genicular branch that contributes to the genicular anastomosis

Back 117

superior medial genicular

Front 118

this artery is immediately inferior to the posterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia and is a named genicular branch that contributes to the genicular anastomosis

Back 118

inferior lateral genicular

Front 119

this artery is immediately inferior to the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia and is a named genicular branch that contributes to the genicular anastomosis

Back 119

inferior medial genicular

Front 120

this artery enters the posterior aspect of the knee joint capsule, branches off the popliteal artery in between the superior and inferior branches, and is a named genicular branch contributing to the genicular anastomosis

Back 120

middle genicular

Front 121

this artery branches off the popliteal artery at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle, then passes anterior to the interosseous membrane to enter the anterior compartment of the leg

Back 121

anterior tibial artery

Front 122

branch from the anterior tibial artery that contributes to the genicular anastomosis

Back 122

posterior tibial recurrent branch

Front 123

this artery branches off the popliteal artery at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle, then passes vertically down through the posterior compartment of the leg deep or anterior to the soleus and in a groove between the flexor digitorum and flexor hallucis longus

Back 123

posterior tibial artery

Front 124

what two muscles does the posterior tibial artery pass in a groove between?

Back 124

flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

Front 125

what muscle does the posterior tibial artery lie superficial to?

Back 125

tibialis posterior

Front 126

this artery branches off the posterior tibial artery and arises about 2.5 cm inferior to the origin of the posterior tibial artery; it runs laterally and distally across the superficial aspect of the tibialis posterior to run deep to the flexor hallucis longus

Back 126

fibular artery

Front 127

what muscle does the fibular artery run deep to?

Back 127

flexor hallucis longus

Front 128

the fibular artery gives a perforating branch that perforates the interosseous membrane to supply what area of the ankle?

Back 128

anterior part

Front 129

this is a thickening of the deep crural fascia extending from the medial malleolus to the medial calcaneus

Back 129

flexor retinaculum

Front 130

this muscle resides in the deep posterior compartment of the leg on the lateral aspect; it originates primarily from the distal 2/3 of the fibular and the interosseous membrane and inserts into the plantar surface of the great toe; its tendon passes posterior to the medial malleolus, deep to the flexor retinaculum and posterior to the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Back 130

flexor hallucis longus

Front 131

this muscle resides in the deep posterior compartment of the leg on the medial aspect; it originates from the middle of the tibia and inserts into the plantar surfaces of toes 2-5. its tendon passes posterior to the medial malleolus, deep to the flexor retinaculum, posterior to the tendon of the tibialis posterior, and anterior to the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus

Back 131

flexor digitorum longus

Front 132

this is the deepest muscle in the deep posterior compartment of the leg; it is covered by the FDL and FHL. it originates from the interosseous membrane, tibia, fibula, intermuscular septa, and deep fascia and inserts into several structures on the plantar surface of the foot. Its tendon passes posterior to the medial malleolus, deep to the flexor retinaculum, and anterior to the FDL tendon.

Back 132

tibialis posterior

Front 133

what is the order of tendons/arteries/nerves under the flexor retinaculum of the ankle, anterior to posterior?

Back 133

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus

Front 134

this nerve begins medial to the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa, but then crosses the artery and is lateral to the posterior tibial artery for the rest of its course through the posterior compartment it terminates under the flexor retinaculum

Back 134

tibial nerve

Front 135

what two branches does the tibial nerve become after passing under the flexor retinaculum?

Back 135

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Front 136

this nerve pierces the deep fascia at the medial knee and descends with the greater saphenous vein

Back 136

saphenous nerve

Front 137

the saphenous nerve is the terminal branch of what larger nerve?

Back 137

femoral nerve

Front 138

this nerve pierces the deep fsacia at the lateral aspect of the distal lower leg and splits into medial and lateral branches as its extends onto the dorsum of the foot

Back 138

superficial fibular nerve

Front 139

where is the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle?

Back 139

fibular head

Front 140

this ligament runs from the lateral femoral condyle to the fibular head

Back 140

lateral collateral ligament (fibular collateral ligament)

Front 141

this compartment of the leg is located on the anterior aspect of the lower leg; the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa form the boundaries of this compartment

Back 141

lateral crural compartment

Front 142

these are deep fascial thickenings lying within the lateral crural compartment that hold the fibularis longus and brevis tendons in place

Back 142

fibular retinacula

Front 143

this fibular retinaculum runs from the lateral malleolus to the calcaneus

Back 143

superior

Front 144

this fibular retinaculum runs from the inferior extensor retinaculum to the calcaneus

Back 144

inferior

Front 145

this muscle originates from the lateral tibial condyle, head and lateral surface of the fibula, intermuscular septa and deep fascia; the tendon runs posterior to the lateral malleolus and posterior to the tendon of the fibularis brevis; it winds around the lateral aspect of the foot over the cuboid bone to insert at the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Back 145

fibularis longus

Front 146

this muscle originates from the lateral aspect of the fibula and intermuscular septa and inserts into the styloid process of the 5th metatarsal; proximally this muscle lies deep to the fibularis longus, but on the lateral side of the foot, the tendon is anterior to the tendon of the fibularis longus

Back 146

fibularis brevis

Front 147

this nerve travels along the border of the biceps femoris towards the head of the fibula; from there, it passes deep to the fibularis longus; it then divides into deep and superficial fibular nerves near the neck of the fibula

Back 147

common fibular nerve

Front 148

this nerve passes distally betwen and innervates the fibularis longus and brevis muscles; it pierces the deep fascia in the distal leg and thereafter is cutaneous in its function

Back 148

superficial fibular nerve

Front 149

what two muscles does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

Back 149

(1) fibularis longus
(2) fibularis brevis

Front 150

this ligament is the terminal attachment of the quadriceps muscle and runs from the distal border of the patella to the tibial tubercle

Back 150

patellar ligament

Front 151

what is the common place of insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus that is located on the medial anterior aspect of the tibia?

Back 151

pes anserinus

Front 152

which muscle tendon is the most superficial and anterior tendon on the pes anserinus insertion?

Back 152

sartorius

Front 153

which muscle tendon is the deepest insertion on the pes anserinus?

Back 153

semitendinosus

Front 154

what is the order of insertion of the muscles at the pes anserinus?

Back 154

(1) sartorius
(2) gracilis
(3) semitendinosus

Front 155

this compartment is located at the anterior aspect of the lower leg; it is formed by the anterior intermuscular septum adn the interosseous membrane

Back 155

anterior crural compartment

Front 156

this is a structure within the anterior crural compartment that runs from the distal aspects of the tibia and fibula just proximal to the medial and lateral malleoli

Back 156

superior extensor retinaculum

Front 157

this structure in the anterior crural compartment runs from the anterolateral aspect of the calcaneus medially and splits into two portions (one goes to the medial malleolus and the other to the medial and plantar aspect of the foot to the plantar aponeurosis)

Back 157

inferior extensor retinaculum

Front 158

this muscle originates from the lateral tibial condyle, lateral tibia, interosseous membrane, deep fascia, and lateral intermuscular septa. its tendon passes over the anterior medial ankle joint, underneath the extensor retinacula, and inserts into the 1st cuneiform bone and the base of the 1st metatarsal

Back 158

tibialis anterior

Front 159

this muscle originates from the lateral tibial condyle, fibula, interosseous membrane, intermuscular septa, and deep fascia. its tendon passes over the anterior ankle joint, underneath the extensor retinacula, and divides into four slips, each inserting into the extensor expansion on the dorsum of toes 2-5

Back 159

extensor digitorum longus

Front 160

this muscle appears to be a slip of the extensor digitorum longus; it originates from the distal fibula, interosseous membrane, and intermuscular septa; it runs underneath the extensor retinacula, and inserts into the dorsal side of the base of the 5th metatarsal, distal to the insertion of the fibularis brevis

Back 160

fibularis tertius

Front 161

this muscle lies deep to and between the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus; it originates from the anterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane. Its tendon passes anterior to the ankle joint, between the tendons of the EDL and TA, underneath the extensor retinacula, and inserts on the distal phalanx of the great toe

Back 161

extensor hallucis longus

Front 162

this nerve passes through the extensor digitorum longus muscle to enter the anterior compartment, innnervating all the muscles of the anterior compartment; it travels with the anterior tibial artery and then the dorsalis pedis artery, and for most of the time, lies lateral to it.

Back 162

deep fibular nerve

Front 163

what muscle does the deep fibular nerve pass through to get to the anterior compartment of the leg?

Back 163

extensor digitorum longus

Front 164

what compartment does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

Back 164

anterior

Front 165

this artery runs deep on the interosseous membrane, first between the TA and EDL and then between the TA and EHL. It is a terminal branch of the popliteal artery and runs with the deep fibular nerve; just proximal to the ankle joint, it becomes superficial and lies between the tendons of the EDL and the EHL

Back 165

anterior tibial artery

Front 166

the anterior tibial artery becomes what artery at the ankle joint?

Back 166

dorsalis pedis

Front 167

this is a branch of the anterior tibial artery that arises proximally from the anterior tibial artery and travels through the tibialis anterior muscle to go to the anterior knee joint

Back 167

anterior tibial recurrent artery

Front 168

these arteries are distal branches of the anteror tibial artery; they arise laterally and medially from the anterior tib just proximal to the ankle joint and run deep to the tendons

Back 168

lateral and medial anterior malleolar artery

Front 169

this artery is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery at the ankle joint

Back 169

doralis pedis artery

Front 170

this branch of the fibular artery enters the anterior compartment by piercing the interosseous membrane about 1.5-2 inches above the lateral malleolus; it is susually small, but could be large and continue into the foot as the dorsalis pedis

Back 170

perforating branch of the fibular artery

Front 171

this muscle originates from the superior and lateral calcaneus, talocalcaneal ligament, and inferior extensor retinaculum; it divides into four small muscle belliws, each with a tendon going to toes 1-4 (tendons 2-4 insert into the lateral sides of the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus)

Back 171

extensor digitorum brevis

Front 172

the first, most medial muscle belly on the dorsum of the foot; it inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Back 172

extensor hallucis brevis

Front 173

this artery branches laterally off the dorsalis pedis as it crosses the tarsal bones; this artery is deep to the EDB muscle

Back 173

lateral tarsal artery

Front 174

what muscle does the lateral tarsal artery lie deep to?

Back 174

extensor digitorum brevis

Front 175

these arteries are usually two branches that come medially off the dorsalis pedis as it crosses the tarsal bones

Back 175

medial tarsal arteries

Front 176

just prior to the dorsalis pedis dividing into its terminating branches, this artery branches off and runs laterally across the dorsum of the foot along the bases of the metatarsals

Back 176

arcuate artery

Front 177

these arteries are branches off the arcuate artery that go to the 2, 3, and 4 interosseous spaces

Back 177

2nd, 3rd, and 4th dorsal metatarsal arteries

Front 178

each dorsal metatarsal artery terminates by giving off two of these branches distally

Back 178

dorsal digital branches

Front 179

this artery is one of the two terminal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery; it dives into the first interosseous space to go the plantar surface of the foot

Back 179

deep plantar artery

Front 180

what two arteries does the dorsalis pedis terminate into?

Back 180

(1) deep plantar artery
(2) 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

Front 181

this is one of the two terminal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery in the first interosseous space

Back 181

1st dorsal metatarsal artery

Front 182

this branch of the deep fibular nerve runs deep to the EDB with the lateral tarsal artery

Back 182

lateral branch

Front 183

this branch of the deep fibular nerve runs with the dorsalis pedis artery

Back 183

medial branch

Front 184

this is a very thick fascia located centrally of the plantar aspect of the foot, running from the calcaneus and spreading into splits that go into the bases of the toes; there is also a lateral band running from the calcaneus to the 5th metatarsal

Back 184

plantar aponeurosis

Front 185

these nerves run on either side of the plantar aponeurosis from approximately the middle of the foot to the 1st and 5th metatarsal heads

Back 185

superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve and the medial plantar nerve

Front 186

these arteries run with the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve and the medial plantar nerve

Back 186

lateral plantar artery and superficial branch of the medial plantar artery

Front 187

this muscle originates from the medial aspect of the calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis and inserts into the medial aspect of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Back 187

abductor hallucis

Front 188

this muscle originates from the lateral aspect of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis and inserts on the base of the 5h metatarsal, and with the flexor digiti minimi brevis, on the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

Back 188

abductor digiti minimi

Front 189

with what other muscle does the abductor digiti minimi insert onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe?

Back 189

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Front 190

this muscle lies immediately deep to the plantar aponeurosis; it originates from the medial aspect of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis and inserts into the middle phalanges of toes 2-5

Back 190

flexor digitorum brevis

Front 191

the superficial branch of the medial plantar artery and the medial plantar nerve emerge from between what two muscles?

Back 191

abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis

Front 192

the lateral plantar artery and superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve emerge on the lateral side of what muscle?

Back 192

flexor digitorum brevis

Front 193

this muscle lies deep to the flexor digitorum brevis and inserts into the distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Back 193

flexor digitorum longus

Front 194

this muscle runs under the sustentaculum tali and crosses deep to the tendon of the FDL; it inserts into the distal phalanx of the great toe

Back 194

flexor hallucis longus

Front 195

this muscle's medial and lateral heads originate from the medial and lateral aspects of the calcaneus and long plantar ligament and insert into the lateral aspect of the flexor digitorum longus tendon

Back 195

quadratus plantae

Front 196

these muscles originate from the medial aspect of the flexor digitorum longus tendons and insert into the extensor expansion on the dorsal aspect of toes 2-5

Back 196

lumbricals

Front 197

the plantar nerve branches into its superficial and deep branches near the lateral aspect of what muscle belly?

Back 197

quadratus plantae

Front 198

this structures branches off the lateral plantar artery and runs with the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Back 198

deep plantar arch

Front 199

this muscle shows two muscle bellies on either side of the FHL tendon; it originates from the cuboid, cuneiform, and tendon of the posterior tibialis, and inserts into the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Back 199

flexor hallucis brevis

Front 200

this muscle lies medial tot he distal portion of the abductor digiti minimi; it originates from the base of the 5th metatarsal and fibularis longus tendon and inserts intot he base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe with the abductor digiti minimi

Back 200

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Front 201

the oblique head of this muscle originates from the bases of the 204th metatarsals and fibularis longus tendon sheath and inserts into the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Back 201

adductor hallucis

Front 202

the transverse head of this muscle originates from the deep transverse ligament and the plantar metatarsal phalangeal ligaments of toes 3-5 and inserts with the oblique head into the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Back 202

adductor hallucis

Front 203

these muscles originates from the 3rd-4th metatrsals on the medial aspect and insert on the proximal phalanges of the same digit

Back 203

plantar interossei

Front 204

these muscle originate each by two heads from the adjacent matatarsals; the first inserts into the lateral proximal phalanx of the 1st MTP joint of the 2nd digit and the reamining insert into the lateral sides of the 2-4th digits

Back 204

dorsal interossei

Front 205

what are the three structures located in the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 205

(1) abductor hallucis
(2) abductor digiti minimi
(3) flexor digitorum brevis

Front 206

the second layer of the plantar aspect of the foot contains 2 arteries, 2 nerves, 2 tendons, and 2 muscles. what are these structures?

Back 206

2 tendons are: flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus
2 muscles are: quadratus plantae and lumbricales
2 arteries and nerves are the main trunks of the medial and lateral plantar

Front 207

the 3rd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot contains what three muscles?

Back 207

(1) flexor hallucis brevis
(2) flexor digiti minimi brevis
(3) adductor hallucis

Front 208

the 4th layer of the plantar aspect of the foot contains what four structures?

Back 208

(1) tendon of the fibularis longus
(2) tendon fo the tibialis posterior
(3) dorsal interossei
(4) plantar interossei

Front 209

what three ligaments are considered part of the hip joint capsule?

Back 209

(1) ischiofemoral ligament
(2) iliofemoral ligament
(3) pubofemoral ligament

Front 210

which ligament of the hip resists primarily medial rotation of the femur and assists in resisting extension of the hip?

Back 210

ischiofemoral ligament

Front 211

which ligament of the hip primarily resists extension of the femur and the superior portion assists in resisting medial rotation of the femur?

Back 211

iliofemoral ligament

Front 212

which ligament of the hip resists abduction of the femur?

Back 212

pubofemoral ligament

Front 213

this ligament connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum and provides a vehicle for blood vessels to the head of the femur?

Back 213

ligament of the head of the femur/ligamentum capitis femoris/ligamentum teres

Front 214

this ligament completes the labrum at the acetabular notch

Back 214

transverse acetabular ligament

Front 215

this structure deepens the articular surface of the joint cavity

Back 215

acetabular labrum

Front 216

this is a cord like structure on the lateral side of the knee that is taut in full knee extension and resists varus stresses at the knee and may contribute to limiting rotation between the tibia and the femur

Back 216

fibular collateral ligament (lateral collateral ligament)

Front 217

the fibular collateral ligament is taut in what position of the knee?

Back 217

knee extension

Front 218

the fibular collateral ligament resists what type of stresses at the knee?

Back 218

varus stresses

Front 219

this is a broad fan shaped ligament on the medial side of the knee that blends with the fibers of the knee capsule and medial meniscus; it is taut in full knee extension and resists valgus stresses at the knee and checks lateral tibial rotation

Back 219

tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Front 220

the tibial collateral ligament is taut in what knee position?

Back 220

full knee extension

Front 221

what two types of stresses does the tibial collateral ligament resist at the knee?

Back 221

(1) valgus stresses
(2) lateral tibial rotation

Front 222

this ligament lies anterior to the middle portion of the popliteal artery and runs upward and laterally across the posterior aspect of the joint; it reinforces the posterior capsule

Back 222

oblique popliteus ligament

Front 223

this ligament is on the posterolateral side of the knee, running from the head of the fibula to the lateral condyle of the femur

Back 223

arcuate popliteal ligament

Front 224

what muscle does the arcuate popliteal ligament run superficial to?

Back 224

popliteus muscle

Front 225

this structure inside the knee joint is connected to the medial collateral ligament and is semicircular in shape

Back 225

medial meniscus

Front 226

this structure inside the knee joint is circular in shape and has increased mobility compared to its partner structure because it is more loosely attached to the tibial condyle

Back 226

lateral meniscus

Front 227

this ligament inside the knee has a horizontal fiber direction and joints the anterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci

Back 227

transverse ligament

Front 228

these ligament inside the knee joint have vertical fiber direction and connect the menisci around their periphery to the tibial condyles

Back 228

coronary ligaments

Front 229

this ligament inside the knee joint is the primary restraint to anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and has a minor role in restraining both varus and valgus stresses at the knee

Back 229

anterior cruciate ligament

Front 230

what three things does the ACL help to prevent at the knee joint?

Back 230

(1) anterior translation of the tibia on the femur
(2) both varus and valgus stresses
(3) medial rotation of the tibia

Front 231

the fibers of the ACL are most taut at what position of the knee?

Back 231

full knee extension

Front 232

at 30º and 90º of knee flexion, the ACL provides __% of restraining force to anterior tibial translation

Back 232

85%

Front 233

the tension in the ACL with knee extension helps produce this mechanism at the knee

Back 233

screw home mechanism

Front 234

this ligament inside the knee capsule is the primary restraint for posterior translation of the tibia on the femur, and has a minor role in restraining both varus and valgus stresses at the knee

Back 234

posterior cruciate ligament

Front 235

what bundle of the PCL is taut at 90 degrees of knee flexion?

Back 235

larger anterior bundle

Front 236

what bundle of the PCL is taut in knee extension?

Back 236

smaller posterior bundle

Front 237

at 90º of knee flexion, the PCL provides __-__% of restraining force to posterior tibial translation

Back 237

90-95%

Front 238

the medial/deltoid ligament of the ankle serves to resist what types of forces?

Back 238

valgus

Front 239

the lateral ligaments of the ankle are responsible for resisting what types of forces?

Back 239

varus

Front 240

this lateral ligament of the ankle is thin and weak and resists anterior displacement of the talus on the tibia/fibula or posterior displacement of the tibia/fibula with the talus stable

Back 240

anterior talofibular ligament

Front 241

the anterior talofibular ligament is slack in what ankle position?

Back 241

neutral

Front 242

the anterior talofibular ligament is taut in what ankle position?

Back 242

plantarflexion and inversion

Front 243

this lateral ligament of the ankle resists motion in all directions

Back 243

calcaneofibular ligament

Front 244

this lateral ligament of the ankle resists posterior displacement of the talus on the tibia/fibula or anterior displacement of the tibia/fibula with the talus stable

Back 244

posterior talofibular ligament

Front 245

the poserior talofibular ligament is taut with the ankle in what position?

Back 245

dorsiflexion and inversion

Front 246

this ligament that runs from the calcaneus to the cuboid and to basees of the metatarsals 2-4 supports the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot

Back 246

long plantar ligament

Front 247

this ligament of the foot supports the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot and runs from the calcaneus to the cuboid bone

Back 247

short plantar ligament (calcaneocuboid)

Front 248

this ligament of the foot supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and runs from the calcaneus to the navicular

Back 248

spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular)