Anatomy: Joints Of The Upper Limb

Front 1

What holds joints together and increases their stability?

Back 1

- cohesion
- atmospheric pressure
- interlocking structures
- thickening of the capsule (ligament)
- muscles

Front 2

What are teh 4 characteristics of the General Synovial joints of the upper limbs?

Back 2

1) ends with synovial cartilage ( a type of hyaline or articular cartilage)
2) capsule with synovial fold and membrane that secretes synovial fluid
3) thickening of capsule= ligament
4) classified by motion permitted or teh shape

Front 3

What are Plane/gliding joints, examples?

Back 3

- joints where surfaces meet at horizontal and flat articulations
- AC joints, sternoclavicular joints, most carpometacarpal

Front 4

Hinge joints/Ginglymus

Back 4

- elbow, proximal/distal phalangeles
- allow flextion/extension
- they have lateral and collateral ligaments are either side

Front 5

What are condoloid, examples?

Back 5

- globular shaped end/ head that articulates with another surface
- metacarpal phalangeal joints, except first

Front 6

What is a pivot joint, examples?

Back 6

- permits rotation
- proximal/distal radioulnar joints

Front 7

What is a Saddle joint, examples?

Back 7

- only one example in upper
- between trapezium and first metacarpal
- convex/concave surfaces that articulate

Front 8

What is a Ball and socket?

Back 8

- glenoid-humeral joint
- high range motion, low stability
- aka enarthrosis or spheroidal joints

Front 9

Where are Elipisoid joints?

Back 9

- distal end radius and proximal row carpal bones
- radiocarpal

Front 10

What type of joint is an acromioclavicular joint?

Back 10

- plane synovial joint

Front 11

Where is the acromioclavicular joint?

Back 11

- lateral end of clavicle and medial surface of the acromion process of scapula

Front 12

What type of ligaments do the acromioclavicular joint have?

Back 12

- capsular ligament
- coracoclavicular ligament

Front 13

Where is the capsular ligament?

Back 13

- surrounds acromioclavicular joint
- horizontal ligament

Front 14

Where is the coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 14

- accessory ligament joining coracoid process to undersurface of the clavicle

Front 15

What are the 2 portions of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Back 15

- medial conoid ligament (inverted cone, creates conoid tubercle)
- lateral trapezoid ligament

Front 16

What do the coracloclavicular ligaments do?

Back 16

- prevents the clavicle going up away from coracoid process

Front 17

What does the superior transverse scapular ligament do?

Back 17

- covers the superior scapular notch so that it is a closed passage way for the suprascapular nerve
- suprascapular vessel goes over

Front 18

Where is the coracoacromial ligament?

Back 18

- lateral margin of the coracoid process to the undersurface of acromion

Front 19

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

Back 19

- stabilizes AC joint

Front 20

Where is the coracohumeral ligament?

Back 20

- coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus

Front 21

Where is the transverse ligament/transverse humoral ligament

Back 21

- attaches to greater and lesser tubercle of humerus
- bridges over intertubercle sulcus

Front 22

The glenohumeral joint is upper body is?

Back 22

- ball and socket synovial joint articulation between glenoid fossa and head of humerus

Front 23

What is the positive/drawback of ball and socket joints?

Back 23

- greatest motility
- least stability

Front 24

What is the glenoid labrum?

Back 24

- fibrocartilaginous at the margins of the glenoid fossa (thicker anteriorly)

Front 25

The capsule of the coracohumeral ligament has 3 ligaments that are thicker anteriorly, what are they?

Back 25

- superior glenohumeral ligament
- middle glenohumeral ligament
- inferior glenohumeral ligament

Front 26

Where is the superior glenohumeral ligament located?

Back 26

- above the area between joint cavity and subscapular birsa

Front 27

Where is the middle glenohumeral located?

Back 27

- below the joint cavity and subscapular bursa

Front 28

Where is the inferior glenohumeral ligament?

Back 28

- inferior to middle glenohumeral

Front 29

Where do you see the coracohumeral?

Back 29

- posteriorly and inferiorly (within joint)

Front 30

Where is the glenohumeral/shoulder joint?

Back 30

- glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus

Front 31

Where does the major strength of the glenohumeral joint?

Back 31

- rotator muscles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor)

Front 32

What is the weak portion of the glenohumor joint?

Back 32

- inferior position

Front 33

What is in the inferior part of the glenohumoral joint?

Back 33

- axillary nerve
- posterior circumflex artery

Front 34

What type of joint is found between the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus and the trochlear notch of ulna and concave surface of the radius?

Back 34

- hinge-type synovial joint

Front 35

The hinge-type synovial joint in the elbow is between what structures?

Back 35

- trochlea and trochlear notch of ulna
- capitulum and proximal concave surface of radius

Front 36

The proximal radioulnar joint within the elbow is what type of joint?

Back 36

- pivot joint

Front 37

What does the proximal radioulnar joint allow?

Back 37

- pronation/supination of forearm bones

Front 38

Where does the radius and ulna articulate in the proximal elbow?

Back 38

- radial notch of ulna with the head of the radius

Front 39

Which portions are weak in the capsule of the elbow joint, why?

Back 39

- anterior and posterior portions are weak
- allows only flextion/extension

Front 40

What are the 3 parts of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Back 40

- posterior
- anterior (strong)
- intermediate

Front 41

Where is the ulnar collateral ligament?

Back 41

- connects the ulna to the humerus

Front 42

Where is the posterior part of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Back 42

- medial epicondyle to
- olecranon process of ulna

Front 43

Where is the anterior part of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Back 43

- medial epicondyle to
- coronoid process of ulna

Front 44

Where is the intermediate part of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Back 44

- olecranon process to coronoid process (runs anterior/oblique)

Front 45

Where does the radial collateral ligament run?

Back 45

- lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament that encircles the radius

Front 46

Where is the annular ligament?

Back 46

- encircles head/neck of radius

Front 47

What does the quadrate ligament do?

Back 47

- closes off teh cavity of the distal elbow joint between the radius and ulna
- allows rotation of radius

Front 48

Where is the quadrate ligament?

Back 48

- found interiorly
- near top and bottom of anular ligament (between coronoid and olecranon process if you remove the head of the radius)

Front 49

What does the middle radioulnar union consist of?

Back 49

- oblique cord
- interosseous membrane (fibrous joint between radius and ulna)

Front 50

What is paired with the proximal radioulnar joint?

Back 50

- distal radioulnar joint

Front 51

What type of joints are the proximal/distal radioulnar joints?

Back 51

- pivot synovial joint

Front 52

Where is the distal radioulnar joint?

Back 52

- between head of ulna and
- ulnar notch of radius

Front 53

What does the distal radioulnar joint enable?

Back 53

- supination and pronation

Front 54

What bones interact in the radiocarpal joint?

Back 54

- distal end of radius and fibrocartilagionous disk (ulna doesn't touch)
- with proximal carpal bones (not pisiform)

Front 55

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

Back 55

- ellipsoid synovial joint

Front 56

What are the 4 ligaments associated with the radiocarpal joint?

Back 56

- dorsal radiocarpal ligament
- palmar radiocarpal ligament
- ulnar collateral ligament
- radial collateral ligament

Front 57

Where is the dorsal radiocarpal ligament?

Back 57

- **posterior hand
- distal end of radius to
- scaphoid, lunate, triquetral
(goes over ulna)

Front 58

Where is the palmar radiocarpal ligament?

Back 58

- anterior hand
- distal end of radius to scaphoid, lunate, triquetral (over ulna)

Front 59

Where is the ulnar collateral ligament?

Back 59

- styloid process of ulna to
- triquetral bone (mainly)
- hamate, base of 5th metacarpal (minor)

Front 60

Where is the radial collateral ligament?

Back 60

- styloid process of radius to
- scahpoid and trapezium bones

Front 61

What does the pisiform bone articulate with and how?

Back 61

- triquetral only
- synovial joint

Front 62

How do most of the carpal bones articulate with each other?

Back 62

- mid-carpal joint (complicated synovial joint)

Front 63

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint between the trapeqium with the 1st metacarpal? Why?

Back 63

- saddle-type synovial joint
- high movement

Front 64

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint for the 2nd to 5th metacarpal?

Back 64

- synovial joint

Front 65

What are condylar joints?

Back 65

- dome part of the metacarpal fits in the concave portion of the proximal phalange

Front 66

where are condylar joints?

Back 66

- all metacarpophalangeal oints except forst joint

Front 67

What type of joint is the first metacarpophalangeal joint?

Back 67

- hinge joint

Front 68

What is on the palmar/anterior aspect of all the heads of the 4 medial metacarpal bones?

Back 68

- deep transverse metacarpal ligament

Front 69

What 2 things does the deep transverse metacarpal ligament allow?

Back 69

- limits distal part of the metacarpals from splaying out
- creates a separation between the ventral and dorsal muscles (ie lumbricals and interosseous from others)

Front 70

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

Back 70

- hinge joints (for both proximal and distal phalange)

Front 71

What type of ligaments do the interphalangeal joints have and what does this do?

Back 71

- collateral ligaments
- flextion and extension