Anatomy Intro Mercy Pa

Front 1

median plane

Back 1

verticle plane passing longitudinally through the body, divides body into right and left halves

Front 2

sagittal plane

Back 2

verticle planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane

Front 3

frontal(coronal) plane

Back 3

verticle planes passing through the body dividing it into anterior and posterior halves

Front 4

transverse plane

Back 4

horizontal plane passing through the body dividing it into superior and inferior halves

Front 5

medial

Back 5

nearer to the median plane of the body

Front 6

lateral

Back 6

farther away from the median plane

Front 7

posterior

Back 7

back surface of the body

Front 8

anterior

Back 8

front surface of the body

Front 9

inferior

Back 9

refers to a structure nearer to the sole of the foot

Front 10

superior

Back 10

refers to a structure nearer the vertex, or topmost point of the skull

Front 11

caudal

Back 11

directional term - towards the tail region(the tailbone)

Front 12

cranial

Back 12

directional term - towards the head

Front 13

proximal

Back 13

nearer to either the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a liner structure

Front 14

distal

Back 14

farther away from the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear structure

Front 15

ipsilateral

Back 15

refers to something occurring on the same side of the body as another structure(right big toe and right thumb)

Front 16

contralateral

Back 16

occurring on the opposite side of the body relative to another structure (right hand and left hand)

Front 17

flexion

Back 17

bending or decreasing the angle between the bone or part of the body

Front 18

dorsiflexion

Back 18

flexion at the ankle joint, lifting the toes off the ground

Front 19

plantarflexion

Back 19

turns the foot or toes toward the plantar surface, standing on your toes

Front 20

extension

Back 20

straightening or increasing the angle between bones or part of the body

Front 21

hyperextension

Back 21

extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit

Front 22

abduction

Back 22

moving away from the median plane in the frontal plane

Front 23

adduction

Back 23

moving towards the median plane in the frontal plane

Front 24

circumduction

Back 24

circular movement that is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction occrring in such a way that the distal end of the part moves in a circle

Front 25

rotation

Back 25

turning or revolving a part of the body around it's longitudinal axis

Front 26

pronation

Back 26

rotational movement of the forearm and the hand that swings the radius medially around its longitudianl axis so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly

Front 27

supination

Back 27

rotational movement of the forearm and hand that swings the radius laterally around its longitudinal axis so that the dorsum of the hand faces posteriorly

Front 28

opposition

Back 28

movement by which the pad of the 1st digit(thumb) is brought to another digit pad

Front 29

reposition

Back 29

describes the movement of the 1st digit(thumb) from the position of opposition back to its anatomical position

Front 30

protrusion

Back 30

movement anteriorly(forward) ie: protruding the mandible

Front 31

retrusion

Back 31

movement posteriorly(backward) -- ie: retruding the tongue

Front 32

protraction

Back 32

anterior movement of the shoulder

Front 33

retraction

Back 33

posterior movement of the shoulder

Front 34

elevation

Back 34

move a part superiorly -- ie: elevation while shrugging the shoulders

Front 35

depression

Back 35

lowers of moves a part inferiorly -- ie: depressing the shoulders when standing at ease

Front 36

eversion

Back 36

moves the sole of the foot away from the median plane; turning the sole laterally

Front 37

inversion

Back 37

moves the sole of the foot towards the medain plane; facing the sole medially

Front 38

functions of the integumentary system

Back 38

protection(from environmental effects), containment(of the bodies structures), heat regulation(through evaporation), sensation(superficial nerves), and synthesis & storage(of vitamin D)

Front 39

Langer (Tension) Lines

Back 39

predominant direction of the collagen fiber bundles in the dermis; incisions or lacerations running parallel to these lines have less tendency to "gape" than those crossing them

Front 40

arrector pili muscle

Back 40

erects the hairs, causes goosebumps, and secretes oil

Front 41

cartilage

Back 41

resilient, semirigid form of connective tissue that forms part of the skeleton where more flexibility is required

Front 42

functions of bone

Back 42

1.support for the body and vital cavities - 2.protection for vital structures, -3.mechanical basis for movement(leverage) - 4.storage for salts -5.continuuos supply of new blood cells(produced in marrow)

Front 43

periosteum

Back 43

fibrous connective tissue surrounding the bones

Front 44

lateral flexion

Back 44

bends vertebral coloumn from side to side

Front 45

4 abdominopelvic quadrants

Back 45

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, and LLQ

Front 46

9 abdominopelvic regions

Back 46

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right inguinal region, hypogastric region, left inguinal region

Front 47

functions of the skin

Back 47

-Protects underlying tissues and organs
-Excretes salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
-Maintains body temperature (insulation and evaporation)
-Synthesizes vitamin D3
-Stores lipids
-Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

Front 48

apendicular skeleton

Back 48

pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

Front 49

axial skeleton

Back 49

skull and associated bones, thoracic cage, vertebral coloumn

Front 50

types of bones with examples

Back 50

- long bones(humerus)
- flat bones(cranial plates)
- irregular bones(vertebrae)
- short bones; cuboidal(metatarsals)
- sesamoid bones(patella)

Front 51

diaphysis

Back 51

yellow marrow; the shaft/compact bone

Front 52

epiphysis

Back 52

red marrow; wide part at each end/spongy bone; articulates with other bones

Front 53

metaphysis

Back 53

where diaphysis and epiphysis meet

Front 54

epiphyseal lines

Back 54

the lines that remain once the epiphyseal cartilage dissapears

Front 55

metaphyseal vessels

Back 55

where bone growth occurs; supplies the epiphyseal cartilage

Front 56

periosteal vessels

Back 56

blood to superficial osteons; secondary ossification centers

Front 57

pott's fracture

Back 57

a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with displacement of the tibia

Front 58

comminuted fracture

Back 58

A fracture in which bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces

Front 59

transverse fracture

Back 59

A fracture in which the break is across the bone, at a right angle to the long axis of the bone

Front 60

spiral fracture

Back 60

A fracture, sometimes called a torsion fracture, in which a bone has been twisted apart

Front 61

displaced fracture

Back 61

Fracture in which the two ends of the broken bone are separated from one another

Front 62

Colle's fracture

Back 62

A break across the end of the main bone of the forearm (the radius)
A Colles' fracture results in a backward and outward position of the hand in relation to the forearm

Front 63

greenstick fracture

Back 63

A fracture in which one side of a bone is broken while the other is bent (like a green stick)

Front 64

epiphyseal fracture

Back 64

A traumatic fracture around or through the growth plate (the epiphyseal plate) of a bone in a child

Front 65

compression fracture

Back 65

A fracture caused by compression, the act of pressing together. Compression fractures of the vertebrae are especially common with osteoporosis

Front 66

articulation

Back 66

joint; where two bones connect

Front 67

synovial joint

Back 67

articulated bones united by a joint capsule spanning and enclosing an articular cavity

Front 68

cartilagionous joint

Back 68

articulating structures are united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Front 69

fibrous joint

Back 69

articulating bones are united by fibrous tissue and the amount of movement occurring is dependent upon the length of those same fibers

Front 70

What are the three coats(tunics) of most vessels of the circulatory system?

Back 70

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia

Front 71

Tunica Intima

Back 71

inner lining of most blood vessels consisting of a single layer of flattened epithelial cells

Front 72

Tunica Media

Back 72

middle layer of most blood vessels consisting of primarily smooth muscle

Front 73

Tunica Adventitia

Back 73

an outer connective tissue layer or sheath of most blood vessels

Front 74

Conducting Arteries

Back 74

large elastic arteries that initially recieve the cardiac output due to their ability to expand and then return to normal size in order to push the cardiac output along to smaller arteries

Front 75

Distributing Arteries

Back 75

medium sized muscular arteries made up of smooth muscle fibers that are able to vasoconstrict(decrease diameter) to regulate flow of blood dependent upon circumstance.

Front 76

Arterioles and small arteries

Back 76

the smallest arteries with narrow lumina and thick muscular walls that help to supply cappilary beds and can regulate blood pressure due to the degree of tonus.

Front 77

Large Veins

Back 77

characterized by wide bundle of longitudinal smooth muscle and a well developed tunica adventitia.

Front 78

Medium Veins

Back 78

drain venous plexuses and accompany medium arteries. Contain flap valves that permit blood to flow to the heart in a direction opposing gravity.

Front 79

Venules

Back 79

the smallest veins that drain cappilary beds and join together to creat small veins.

Front 80

Capillaries

Back 80

make up cappillary beds where the oxygen and nutrients are passed through the capillary walls to support the surrounding tissues and cells

Front 81

Accompanying Veins

Back 81

irregular branching networks of double or multiple veins that surround arteries and fucntion as both a countercurrent heat exchanger and an arteriovenous pump.

Front 82

Anastomoses

Back 82

communications betwen branches of an artery to provide for differing pathways in case of obstruction

Front 83

What are the principle roles of the CNS?

Back 83

1. integrate and coordinate incoming and outgoing neural signals
2. carry out higher mental functions; such as thinking and learning

Front 84

Gray Matter

Back 84

where the nerve cell bodies lie