Anatomy Ii - Hoofs (Equine)

Front 1

Which equine structure makes the first contact with the ground?

Back 1

The frog (and basal border)

Front 2

In the equid hoof capsule, how many primary laminae? Secondary laminae?

Back 2

600; 100

Front 3

What is the junction between the hoof and skin?

Back 3

Coronet

Front 4

What is the soft part of the hoof just proximal to coronet?

Back 4

Periople

Front 5

Which quarter is steeper, medial or lateral?

Back 5

Medial

Front 6

Which structures are involved in preventing venous pooling in the horse limb? (2)

Back 6

Digital cushion
Collateral hoof cartilages

Front 7

see pic

Back 7

A - Toe
B - Apex of frog
C - Sulcus of frog
D - Bulb of the heel
E - Paracuneal groove

Front 8

identify

Back 8

A - Distal phalanx
B - Stratum medium
C - Basal border of hoof
D - Digital cushion
E - Deep digital flexor tendon
F - Navicular bone

Front 9

identify

Back 9

A - Perioplic dermis
B - Coronary dermis
C - Laminar dermis
D - Coronet

Front 10

which has broader toe: thoracic or pelvic limb?

Back 10

pelvic limb

Front 11

where does lamintis happen?

Back 11

- inflammation of laminar dermis
- between laminae dermis and epidermis

Front 12

wall reflected at heels to form bars, separated from the frog by the

Back 12

paracuneal grooves

Front 13

Wall is thickest at

Back 13

Wall is thickest at TOE, and thins progressively heel-ward

Front 14

Which quarter has thicker wall: inner or outer (lateral)?

Back 14

outer (lateral) quarter

Front 15

angle between dorsal surface and ground surface (of fetlock) is normally
A. in forefoot
B. in hind foot

Back 15

A. 45-50 degrees in (forefoot)
B. 50-55 degrees (hindfoot)

Front 16

identify

Back 16

A - Laminar epidermis
B - Ridges of the frog
C - Spine of the frog

Front 17

identify

Back 17

Coronary venous plexus

Front 18

identify

Back 18

A - Laminar epidermis
B - Ridges of the frog
C - Spine of the frog

Front 19

identify

Back 19

see pic

Front 20

does laminae dermis contain papillae?

Back 20

No

Front 21

what produces hoof wall?

Back 21

coronary dermis - produces hoof wall by means of papillae on their surfaces

Front 22

Function of dermis:

Back 22

1.highly vascular and sensitive
2. attaches hoof wall to internal foot structures
3. produces parts of wall via papillae (not laminae dermis)
4.provides wall with nourishment

Front 23

types of dermis

Back 23

- perioplic dermis,
- coronary dermis
- laminar dermis (no papillae)
- frog dermis
- sole dermis

Front 24

produce horn of periople and stratum tectorium?


Produces most of wall?

Back 24

Papillae of Perioplic dermis


Coronary dermis; it produces stratum medium and internum

Front 25

which is more proximal, Coronary dermis OR Perioplic dermis?

Back 25

Perioplic dermis is more proximal

Front 26

covers extensor tendon, cartilages of distal phalanx via subcutaneous tissue of the coronary cushion

Back 26

Coronary dermis

Front 27

_____ of coronary dermis produces stratum medium of wall

also produces horny tubules

Back 27

stratum germinativum

Front 28

produce the tubular horn (horny tubules)


produce intertubular horn

Back 28

papillae cells of stratum germinativum


inter-papillar cells -> produce intertubular horn, this is the glue

Front 29

coronary venous plexus lies deep in ?


coronary venous plexus feeds/forms ?

Back 29

coronary cushion

med./lat. digital veins

Front 30

what happens if get a deep laceration in coronary border?

Back 30

bleeds perfusely

Front 31

degenerative condition of the frog, especially when animal is kept in moist or watery floor/ground

Back 31

Thrush

Front 32

identify

Back 32

see picture

Front 33

True or False:
frog is completely keratinised

Back 33

False *****!
The frog is incompletely keratinised - softer (50% water content: sole -- 33%) than wall

Front 34

The white line visible at junction of ?

Back 34

white line visible, white, at junction of wall and sole

Front 35

Two parts of white line:

Back 35

1. stratum internum
2. horny papillae OR pigmented horn

FYI
this straw colored (pigmented) amorphous horny material is produced by stratum germinativum overlying terminal papillae

Front 36

Where are terminal papillae located?

Back 36

distal end of each laminae...i think

Front 37

What do they do?

Back 37

* fill space, glue between hoof wall (specifically the white line) and sole

Front 38

Injuries to dermis

Back 38

1. corn - bruised sole dermis at angle of sole
2. Canker - chronic hypertrophy of frog dermis - often due to infection.

Front 39

Name 3 plexuses of foot and location:

Back 39

1. dorsal venous plexus - within cushion of laminae dermis
2. coronary venous plexus: in coronary cushion of cor.dermis

3. palmar/plantar venous plexus: in dermis of sole and on surfaces of cartilages of third phalanx.

Front 40

Do the 3 plexuses communicate?

Back 40

Yes

Front 41

What does digital cushion consist of?

It is part of ?

Back 41

fibroelastic tissue

Coronary cushion

Front 42

Why is it important to get horse exercise?

Back 42

* each limb can hold a lot of blood via plexuses, etc.
* exercise innervates venous return and proper circulation
* Blood may stagnate in the foot if horse is unable to shift foot or have adequate exercise.

Front 43

ungual cartilages may become ossified to be called ?

what is between them?

Back 43

side bones

btw. is digital cushion, plantar venous plexous, etc.