Anatomy Ii - Forelimb

Front 1

thick fibrous strand extending along the length of biceps brachii m. to insert on the extensor carpi radialis m.

Back 1

Lacertus fibrosus

Front 2

Perineural anesthesia in the horses:
Palmar / Plantar digital nerve Anesthesia
Site of injection ?

Back 2

1. Distal palmar/plantar digital nerve block
2. Proximal palmar/plantar digital nerve block

Front 3

Where is Distal palmar/plantar digital nerve block?

Back 3

* Along the medial and lateral edges of the flexor tendons.
* At the level of pastern joint / just above the collateral cartilages of distal phalanx.
* Can also be done just proximal to the previous site.

Front 4

Where is Proximal palmar digital nerve block?
What is purpose?

Back 4

On the abaxial sides just below the proximal sessamoid bones

~desensitizes entire foot!!!

Front 5

Structures desensitized by palmar digital nerve anesthesia (7)?

Back 5

~desensitizes entire foot !
1. Navicular bone and bursa
2. Digital cushion
3. Palmar / plantar aspect of the sole and frog
4. Palmar / plantar aspect of the coffin bone
5. Palmar / plantar aspect of the pastern and coffin joint
6. Disal sessamoidean ligaments (PDB)
7. Distal Superficial and deep digital flexor tendons

Front 6

Ring (field) block
Site of injection?

(this is for distal/proximal palmar/plantar digital nerve anesthesia)

Back 6

Redirect needle to the dorsal aspect of the digit
OR
On both sides of the common/long digital extensor tendon at same level.

Front 7

For ring (field) block, how much in usually injected?

Back 7

Inject 3-5 ml of anesthetic solution.

Front 8

For ring (field) block what structures are desensitized?

Back 8

* Structures desensitized by the palmar/plantar digital nerve block
* Complete analgesia of the foot distal to the site of injection.

Front 9

Four point palmar/plantar nerve block:
Where are injections?

Back 9

* this set of injection more are more proximal and done after ring field block
* distal ends of the lateral and medial splint bones (metacarpal 2&4)
* couple inj. are deep to reach metacarpal nerves
* others are sfc. to get med./lat. palmar nerves

Front 10

For HIGH Four point palmar nerve block:
Where are injections?

Back 10

* Deep injection on inside of metacarpals 2&4 (splint bones)
* both sides of the flexor tendons to access palmar/plantar nerves

Front 11

What is used to block deep structures of the metacarpus / metatarsus region?

Back 11

High 4 pt. block

Front 12

Extensors of carpus and digits.
Arise from the______aspect of distal humerus:

Back 12

Extensors arise from craniolateral aspect of the distal humerus.

Front 13

Extensors of carpus and digits insert...?

Back 13

Extensors Insert either on carpus/metacarpus or digits

Front 14

Extend what joints?

Back 14

carpus as well as digits

Front 15

Extensors of carpus and digits are supplied by ?

Back 15

Extensors of carpus and digits
are all supplied by the radial nerve.

Front 16

Easy question:
Flexors of the carpus and digits
Arise from the ____ aspect of the humerus.
Occupy ___part of forearm.

Back 16

Flexors Arise from CAUDOMEDIAL aspect of humerus!

Occupy the CAUDAL part of the forearm

Front 17

Name the Flexors of the carpus and digits

Back 17

Flexor carpi radialis m.
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Superficial digital flexor m.
Deep digital flexor m.

Front 18

Flexors secured by ?

Back 18

Flexors of carpus and digits secured by flexor retinaculum at the caudal aspect of the carpus.

Front 19

Muscles are secured at the carpus by extensor retinaculum? (5)

Back 19

1. Extensor carpi radialis m.
2. Common digital extensor m.
3. Lateral digital extensor m.
4. Extensor carpi obliquus m.
originates on shaft of radius
5. Ulnaris lateralis m. (other name??)–
opposite action –- FLEXION of carpus

Front 20

What is retractor of the forelimb – antagonist of the brachiocephalicus m.
* innervated by _____.

Back 20

Latissimus dorsi m.

Thoracodorsal nerve.

Front 21

Adduction of the forelimb.

Back 21

Pectoral muscles

Front 22

flexors of digits and carpus are innervated by?

Back 22

median and ulnar n.

therefore these nerves must pass thru caudolateral part of antebrachium

Front 23

what muscles are innervated by radial n.?

Back 23

Extensors of carpus and digits.
* Arise from the craniolateral aspect of the distal humerus.
* run C/L

Front 24

Which muscle is present in extensor retinaculum and extensor groove (on C/L aspect) but is flexor of carpus?

Back 24

Ulnaris lateralis m.

(also innervated by radial n.)

Front 25

Prime advancer of the forelimb – neck is fixed
Turns the neck to the side – forelimb is fixed

Back 25

Brachiocephalicus m.

Front 26

Complements action of the brachiocephalicus m

Back 26

Omotransversarius m.

Front 27

identify muscle

what innervates it?

Back 27

subclavius m. : originates just cranial to the deep pectoral on sternum (hence the muscle was previously considered as part of the pectoral m.)

Pectoral n.

Front 28

identify muscles

Back 28

Serratus ventralis m.
Rhomboideus m.

Front 29

Well developed and lies cranial to the supraspinatus m.
Originates just cranial to the deep pectoral on sternum

Back 29

Subclavius muscle

Originates just cranial to the deep pectoral on sternum (hence the muscle was previously considered as part of the pectoral m.)

Front 30

what nerve is at risk if humerus breaks?

Back 30

radial n., runs right on bone

Front 31

Where are flexors of carpus and digits located on forearm?

Which flexor has 3 heads?

Back 31

caudomedial aspect, in "flexor groove"

flexor carpi radialis, FCU, SDF, DDF (3 heads)
FYI: 1 of 3 heads of DDF is actually superficial to SDF?

Front 32

This is an important component of the forelimb stay apparatus.

Back 32

Lacertus fibrosus
: a thick fibrous strand extending along the length of biceps brachii m. to insert on the extensor carpi radialis m.

main function is to keep shoulder joint and carpus extended at same time

Front 33

Major flexors of shoulder joint?

(and innervations)

Back 33

teres major m. (axillary n.)

long head of triceps brachii m. (deep branch of median n. - check this because says radius n. online)

Front 34

Major extensors of shoulder joint?

(and innervations)

Back 34

Supraspinatus m. (suprascapular n.)

biceps brachii m. (musculocutaneous n.)

Front 35

which head of triceps is absent in horse?

Back 35

accessory head

Front 36

how many bursa are associated with triceps?

Back 36

2; deeper, congenital bursa bew. bone and muscle

2nd superficial bursa betw. skin and tendon of insertion, which is acquired - known as capped elbow.

Front 37

Coracobrachialis muscle action and relative location?

Back 37

small musc. just inside (closer to center of limb) of biceps brachii which helps adduct limb

Front 38

thickening of deep fascia that connects to medial side of carpus and accessory carpal bone. With the carpal bones it forms the carpal canal.

Back 38

flexor retinaculum

Front 39

what passes thr. carpal canal?

Back 39

SDF and DDF?

Front 40

Which is present in forelimb, common digital extensor or long digital extensor?

Back 40

common digital extensor m.

Front 41

another name for proximal check ligament?

Back 41

accessory ligament of SDF
~tendinous band that connects SDF to radius; part of stay aparatus

Front 42

where does common digital extensor insert?

Back 42

P3 (distal phalanx)

Front 43

where does lateral digital extensor insert?

Back 43

P1

Front 44

what nerve innervates extensors of digits?

what nerve innervates flexors of digits?

Back 44

radial n.

mostly ulnar n.

Front 45

DDF inserts?

Back 45

P3

Front 46

SDF inserts?

Back 46

after it forks around DDF (creating manica flexorium) it inserts on P1 and P2.

Front 47

Serratus Ventralis m. (originating from both C3-7 and Ribs 1-7/8) and inserts on _______, contains sheets (plural) of fibrous tissue known as the _______?

Back 47

Serratus Ventralis m., which originates from both C3-7 and Ribs 1-7/8 and <inserts on serrated face of the scapula>, contains sheets of fibrous tissue known as <dorsoscapular ligament>

Front 48

ulnar nerve divides into ?

Back 48

dorsal br. of ulnar nerve
palmar br. of ulnar nerve

Front 49

damage to this nerve can lead to shoulder sweeney, what is it called?

Back 49

Suprascapular n.