Anatomy: Heart

Front 1

The sternocostal/anterior surface contains how much right and left heart?

Back 1

- 2/3 right heart
- 1/3 left heart
(front view)

Front 2

The diaphragmatic/inferior surface contains how much of the right/left ventricles?

Back 2

Is the base the superior- 1/3 right ventricle
- 2/3 left ventricle
- (looking at back)

Front 3

Is the base on the superior or inferior portion of the heart? What does it consist of?

Back 3

- superior portion of heart
- mainly left atrium, part of right atrium

Front 4

Is the apex on the superior or inferior portion of the heart? What does it consist of?

Back 4

- inferior
- left ventricle

Front 5

Which intercostal space is the apex of the heart located?

Back 5

- 5th

Front 6

The inferior or acute margin is in contact with which internal structure? What portion of the heart is this?

Back 6

- diaphragm
- 2/3 right ventricle
- 1/3 left ventricle

Front 7

What are the auricles?

Back 7

- appendages on top of the atria
- right is larger

Front 8

Where are the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci located?

Back 8

- between the right and left ventricles

Front 9

What does the coronary sulcus separate?

Back 9

- the atria from the ventricles, forms a circle around the heart

Front 10

What is another name for the coronary sulcus?

Back 10

- atrioventricular sulcus

Front 11

What is the sulcus terminalis?

Back 11

- area that connects the right margin of the superior and inferior vena cava

Front 12

What internal structure is located near the sulcus terminalis?

Back 12

- SA node

Front 13

What does the pericardial sac surround?

Back 13

- heart
- roots of greater vessels
- (double walled)

Front 14

What are the 2 layers of the pericardial sac?

Back 14

- fibrous pericardium (strong outer)
- serous pericardium (parietal and visceral)

Front 15

What is another name for the visceral portion of the serous pericardium?

Back 15

- epicardium

Front 16

What is the transverse pericardial sinus? Where is it located?

Back 16

- paricardial reflections (causes spaces) from the great vessels
- posterior to ascending aorta/pulmonary trunk and anterior to superior vena cava
- hands in the transverse pericardial sinus makes a J shape

Front 17

What is the oblique pericardial sinus? Where is it located?

Back 17

- pericardial reflections (causes spaces) from the great vessels
- posterior aspect of heart, superior border are the pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava

Front 18

What are the 2 major arteries of the heart?

Back 18

- right and left coronary

Front 19

What splits off of the right coronary artery?

Back 19

- marginal branch
- sinoatrial nodal artery
- posterior interventricular artery
- right posterior left ventricular brach
- atrioventricular nodal branch

Front 20

Where is the marginal branch of the right coronary artery located?

Back 20

- along the inferior/acute margin

Front 21

Where is the sinoatrial nodal artery located off of the right coronary artery?

Back 21

- anterior wall of the right atrium, goes superior and circles around the superior vena cava to the sulcus terminalis

Front 22

The blood for the sinoatrial nodal artery comes from which two arteries? How much of each?

Back 22

- 60% from right coronary artery
- 40% from left circumflex artery

Front 23

Where is the posterior interventricular artery located?

Back 23

- between the right and left ventricles
- lies within the interventricular sulcus

Front 24

- The right posterior left ventricular branch supplies blood to?

Back 24

- posterior inferior wall of the left ventricle

Front 25

Where is the atrioventricular nodal branch located?

Back 25

- crux region (Where the interventricular/ coronary/ interatrilal sulci meet)

Front 26

What are the main branches of the left coronary artery?

Back 26

- anterior interventricular branch
- left circumflex branch

Front 27

What branches do the anterior interventricular branch send off?

Back 27

- anterior perforating branches ( interventricular septum)
- diagonal branches (supplies anterior wall)

Front 28

What branches do the left circumflex branch send off?

Back 28

- marginal branch (along obtuse/left margin, supplies blood to lateral wall)
- posterior left ventricular branch (supplies blood to inferior wall)

Front 29

What arteries supply blood to teh septal wall of the left ventricle?

Back 29

- anterior perforating branches of anterior interventricular artery

Front 30

What arteries supply blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle?

Back 30

- diagonal branches of anterior interventricular artery

Front 31

What supplies blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle?

Back 31

- marginal branch of left circumflex branch

Front 32

What supplies blood to the inferior wall of the left ventricle?

Back 32

- posterior left ventricular branch of circumflex (of mainly left circumflex, minor of right coronary artery)

Front 33

Where do all of the veins of the heart end?

Back 33

- coronary sinus which opens into teh right atrium

Front 34

Which artery does the great cardiac vein travel with?

Back 34

- anterior interventricular artery and then circumflex artery

Front 35

Where does the great cardiac vein begin?

Back 35

- in the anterior interventricular sulcus (where the anterior interventricular artery lies as well)

Front 36

Where does the middle cardiac vein begin?

Back 36

- in the posterior interventricular sulcus

Front 37

What artery does the middle cardiac vein travel with?

Back 37

- posterior interventricular artery

Front 38

Which artery does the small cardiac vein travel with and what is the area called that they are in?

Back 38

- right coronary artery
- lie in posterior right coronary sulcus
- also along the right marginal branch near the acute/inferior margin

Front 39

Where is the oblique vein of the left atrium?

Back 39

- below and lateral to the left pulmonary veins
- just superior to the great cardiac vein and lateral to the coronary sinus

Front 40

Where is the posterior vein of left ventricle?

Back 40

- comes off of the coronary sinus
- lateral to the interventricular septal branch
- runs towards apex

Front 41

Where are the smallest veins?

Back 41

- walls of the right heart

Front 42

Where do the smallest veins drain?

Back 42

- directly into heart cavities

Front 43

What the pumping chambers of the heart called?

Back 43

- ventricles

Front 44

What are the receiving chambers of the heart called?

Back 44

- atria

Front 45

What types of blood does the right atrium receive and from where?

Back 45

- deoxygenated blood from body (via vena cavas)
- deoxygenated blood from heart (via coronary sinus)

Front 46

Where is the sinus venarum?

Back 46

- right atrium
- smooth part between two vena cavae

Front 47

Where is the crista terminalis

Back 47

- right atriumi
- nternal to sulcus terminalis, internal ridge

Front 48

What does the crista terminalis do?

Back 48

- right atrium
- separates atrium proper from the vena cava area

Front 49

What are pectinate muscles?

Back 49

- right atrium
- muscle fibers bundles found in the auricle

Front 50

Where is the ostium (opening) of the coronary sinus and its valve?

Back 50

- right atrium
- near inferior vena cava (finger into inferior vena cava and curl finger back towards self)

Front 51

What is the fossa ovalis and limbus fossa ovalis?

Back 51

- thin piece of tissue that covers a fetal hole
- ridge around obvalis

Front 52

Where is the sinoatrial node?

Back 52

- in interface between superior vena cava and superior/inferior to pulmonary veins

Front 53

Where is the atrioventricular node?

Back 53

- right atrium
- tip of Koch's triangle, inferior to fossal ovalis

Front 54

Where does blood come from in the right ventricle and where does it go?

Back 54

- deoxygenated blood from right atrium
- to lungs via pulmonary artery

Front 55

What valves is located between the right atrium and ventricle?

Back 55

- tricuspid valve (atrioventricular)

Front 56

What are trabeculae carnae?

Back 56

- Right ventricle
- thick muscle bundles

Front 57

What makes up the septomarginal traveculae?

Back 57

- septal limb
- moderator band

Front 58

Where is the septomarginal trabeculae located?

Back 58

- from interventricular septum to root of anterior papillary muscle

Front 59

What is the purpose of the septomarginal trabiculae?

Back 59

- carries right bundle branch
- separates in/out flow

Front 60

What are papillary muscles?

Back 60

- right ventricle
- conical projections of ventricular muscle related to 3 valve cusps

Front 61

What are chorda tendineae?

Back 61

- right ventricle
- fibrous cords that go from papillary muscles to valve cusps

Front 62

What is infundibulum?

Back 62

- right ventricle
- smooth portion of right ventricle just inferior to pulmonary valve

Front 63

What does the infundibulum do?

Back 63

- right ventricle
- outflow tract, separated from inflow by supraventricular crest and septomarginal traveculae

Front 64

Blood goes to the left atrium from? and travels to?

Back 64

- receives oxygenated blood from the lung via pulmonary veins
- to left ventricle

Front 65

How many pulmonary veins feed into the left atrium?

Back 65

- 4

Front 66

What are the muscles called in the left auricle?

Back 66

- pectinate muscles

Front 67

What fetal feature does the left auricle have?

Back 67

- foramen ovale

Front 68

Where does blood go as it leaves the left ventricle?

Back 68

- oxygenated blood out of the aorta to the body

Front 69

What is teh valve called between teh left atrium and ventricle?

Back 69

- left atrioventricular /mitral/bicuspid valve

Front 70

What is special about the trabeculae carnae of the left ventricle?

Back 70

- inflow tract through mitral valve

Front 71

How many papillary muscles are there in the left ventricle and what attaches them to the cusps?

Back 71

- 2: anterior/posterior
- chorda tendineae

Front 72

What is the outflow tract of the left ventricle called?

Back 72

- aortic vestibule

Front 73

Describe the aortic vestibule of the left ventricle

Back 73

- smooth portion inferior to the aortic valve
- separated from the inflow tract (trabeculae carnae) by the anterior mitral cusp

Front 74

Where is the membranous part of the interventricular septum located in the left ventricle?

Back 74

- below the right and posterior cusps of the aortic valve

Front 75

What do atrioventricular valves do?

Back 75

- separate atria and ventricles
- only allow blood to go from atrium to ventricle

Front 76

How many atrioventricular valves are there? Name them

Back 76

- 2
- right atrioventricular/tricuspid valve
- left atrioventricular/ mitral/ bicuspid valve

Front 77

What do all atrioventricular valves contain?

Back 77

- rings
-cusps
- chorda tendineae
- papillary muscles

Front 78

What are/is the active portion of atrioventricular valves?

Back 78

- papillary muscles

Front 79

How many semilunar valves are there? Name them

Back 79

- 2
- pulmonary valve
- aortic valve

Front 80

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

Back 80

- between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Front 81

Where is the aortic valve located?

Back 81

- between the left ventricle and the aorta

Front 82

What do all semilunar valves contain?

Back 82

- 3 cusps with nodules

Front 83

Name the 3 cusps of the pulmonary valve

Back 83

- anterior, right, left

Front 84

Name the cusps of the aortic valve

Back 84

- posterior, right, left

Front 85

What are located in the sinuses of the aortic valves?

Back 85

- openings for the right and left coronary artery to supply blood to the heart muscle

Front 86

What are the functions of the cardiac skeleton?

Back 86

- help maintain the integrity of the openings it surrounds
- point of attachment for cusps
- separates atrial and ventricular muscle

Front 87

Do the atrioventricular and semilunar valves open and close together or opposite?

Back 87

- opposite