Anatomy - Head And Neck: Automonics

Front 1

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate on spine

Back 1

T1 - L2 spinal segments

Front 2

Location of neuron bodies for post-ganglionic fibers supplying head/neck

Back 2

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Front 3

Cervical sympathetic trunk:
a) location
b) name 3 ganglia along its course

Back 3

a)
posterior and medial to carotid sheath
b)
1. superior cervical ganglion
2. middle cervical ganglion
3. inferior cervical ganglion

Front 4

Cervical sympathetic trunk ganglion:

superior cervical ganglion
a) location
b) branches (5)

Back 4

a)
level of the axis (C2) and largest ganglion
b)
1. gray rami communicantes
2. carotid nerve plexus
3. superior cervical cardiac nerve
4. pharyngeal branches
5. sympathetic fibers to smooth muscles of blood vessels in salivary glands

Front 5

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate on spine

Back 5

T1 - L2 spinal segments

Front 6

Location of neuron bodies for post-ganglionic fibers supplying head/neck

Back 6

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Front 7

Cervical sympathetic trunk:
a) location
b) name 3 ganglia along its course

Back 7

a)
posterior and medial to carotid sheath
b)
1. superior cervical ganglion
2. middle cervical ganglion
3. inferior cervical ganglion

Front 8

Cervical sympathetic trunk ganglion:

superior cervical ganglion
a) location
b) branches (5)

Back 8

a)
level of the axis (C2) and largest ganglion
b)
1. gray rami communicantes
2. carotid nerve plexus
3. superior cervical cardiac nerve
4. pharyngeal branches
5. sympathetic fibers to smooth muscles of blood vessels in salivary glands

Front 9

Gray rami communicantes (superior cerv.):
a) path
b) provides sympathetic innervation to

Back 9

a)
goes to upper 4 cervical nerves
b)
visceral structures in C1-C4 spinal distribution area

Front 10

Carotid nerve plexus:
a) branches from
b) path (travels with)
c) provides sympathetic innervation to

Back 10

a)
superior cervical ganglion
b)
travels with internal carotid artery
c)
visceral structures of head (smooth muscle of blood vessels, sweat, lacrimal, and salivary glands)

Front 11

Superior cervical cardiac nerve:
a) branches from

Back 11

a)
superior cervical ganglion

Front 12

Pharyngeal branches:
a) branches from
b) provides sympathetic innervation to

Back 12

a)
superior cervical ganglion
b)
pharynx

Front 13

Sympathetic fibers to smooth muscle of blood vessels in salivary glands:
a) branches from
b) pathway

Back 13

a)
superior cervical ganglion
b)
T1-T12 pre-gang. fibers -> superior cervical gang. -> postgang. fibers attached to lingual and facial arterial plexus -> submandibular gang. -> postgang. fibers continue to submandibular and sublingual glands

Front 14

Cervical Sympathetic Trunk:

Middle cervical ganglion
a) location
b) branches (3)

Back 14

a)
at level of cricoid cartilage near arch of inferior thyroid artery
b)
1. gray rami communicantes
2. middle cervical cardiac nerve
3. ansa subclavius

Front 15

Gray rami communicantes (middle cerv.):
a) provides sympathetic innervation to

Back 15

a)
C5-C6 spinal distribution area

Front 16

Middle cervical cardiac plexus:
a) branches from

Back 16

a)
middle cervical ganglion

Front 17

Ansa subclavius (middle cerv.)
a) path
b) also part of what other cervical ganglion

Back 17

a)
superficial strand of symp. trunk that descends from middle cervical ganglion -> loops over, then under subclavian a. -> ends in cervicothoracic ganglion (inferior cervical ganglion)
b)
inferior cervical ganglion

Front 18

Cervical sympathetic trunk:

Inferior cervical ganglion (aka Stellate ganglion; cervicothoracic ganglion)
a) location
b) fused with
b) branches (3)

Back 18

a)
In junction of cervical and thoracic curvatures and behind and medial to origin of vertebral artery.
b)
fused with 1st of several upper thoracic ganglia.
b)
1. gray rami communicantes
2. inferior cervical cardiac nerve
3. ansa subclavius

Front 19

Gary rami communicantes (inferior cerv.)

a) sympathetic innervation to

Back 19

a)
C7-C* and variable number of upper thoracic spinal nerves

Front 20

Inferior cervical cardiac nerve

a) branches from

Back 20

a)
inferior cervical ganglion

Front 21

Ansa subclavius (middle cerv.)

a) comes from what other cervical ganglion

Back 21

a)
middle cervical branch

Front 22

sympathetic route to eye for dilation of pupil (pre- and post- ganglionic routes)

Back 22

thoracic spinal cord pregang. fibers -> ventral motor root -> spinal nerve -> ventral ramus spinal n. -> white ramus communicantes -> upper thoracic sympathetic trunk gang. -> superior cerv. sympathetic gang. gives post gang. fibers -> internal carotid n. -> forms internal carotid plexus on internal carotid a(continues to cavernous sinus) -> ophthalmic branch (v1) in cavernous sinus -> nasociliary n. where it branches via 2 routes:
1. long ciliary n. -> eye
2. ciliary ganglion -> short ciliary n. -> dilator pupillae m. of eye (dilates pupil)

Front 23

Which CNs supply pregang. parasympathetic fibers (4)

Back 23

CNs III, VII, IX, X

Front 24

Parasympathetic ganglion in head (4)

Back 24

1. ciliary ganglion
2. pteygopalatine ganglion
3. submandibular ganglion
4. otic ganglion

Front 25

ciliary ganglion:
a) location
b) path

Back 25

a)
b/w lateral rectus and CN II
b)
Edinger-Westphal nucleus -> oculomotor n. (CN III) pregang. fibers -> inferior division of CN III (within orbit) -> ciliary ganglion -> postgang. fibers -> short ciliary n. ->
1. sphincter pupillae m. for constriction of pupil
2. ciliary m. for accommodation (provides for near vision)

Front 26

pteygopalatine ganglion:
a) path

Back 26

a)
facial nerve (CN VII) pregang. fibers -> greater petrosal n. (merges w/ deep pertrosal n. sympathetic fibers at foramen lacerum) -> forms n. of the pterygoid canal (vidian n.) [travel in pterygoid canal] -> pterygopalatine ganglion (in pterygopalatine fossa) -> postgang. fibers ->
1. zygomatic branch of maxiallary division (V2) -> lacrimal gland
2. lacrimal branch of ophthalmic division (V1) -> lacrimal gland
3. descending palatine nerves:
a) greater palatine n. -> hard palate
b) lesser palatine n. -> soft palate

Front 27

submandibular ganglion:
a) path

Back 27

a)
facial nerve (CN VII) pregang. fibers (superior to stylomastoid foramen) -> chordae tympani n. (through petrotympanic fissure b/w tympanic and petrous parts of temporal bone) -> lingual n. (branch of V3) in infratemporal fossa -> submandibular gang. -> postgang. fibers form plexuses on facial and lingual arteries -> sublingual and submandibular glands

Front 28

otic ganglion:
a) path

Back 28

a)
inferior salivary nucleus -> glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) pregang. fibers -> tympanic n. (branch from CN IX in jugular foramen that enters middle ear via tympanic canaliculus in petrous part of temporal bone) -> forms tympanic plexus on promontory of middle ear -> lesser petrosal n. (to middle cranial fossa and leaves skull via foramen ovale) -> otic ganglion -> postgang. fibers run on auriculotemporal n. (v3) -> parotid gland

Front 29

carotid sinus
a) location of BP receptors
b) increased pressure leads to increased firing rate of which associated CN

Back 29

a)
wall of common carotid a. and initial portion of internal carotid a.
b)
CN IX (carotid sinus nerve or Hering's nerve)