Anatomy Gluteal Region 10/4

Front 1

Label lines

Back 1

Front 2

Name the nerves etc

Back 2

a. superior gluteal nerve
b. inferior gluteal nerve
c. pudendal nerve
d. nerve to obturator internus
e. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
f. tibial branch of sciatic nerve
g. common peroneal branch of sciatic nerve

Front 3

Back 3

a. Ilium
Arrows left to right
ischium, pubis

Front 4

What are the labels?

Back 4

1. anterior gluteal line
2. posterior gluteal line
3. posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
4. greater sciatic notch
5. ischial spine
6. lesser sciatic notch
7. ischial tuberosity
a. iliac crest
b. inferior gluteal line
c. articular surface
d. acetabular fossa
e. acetabular notch
f. obturator foramen

Front 5

What are the markings? except 3?

Back 5

a. head
b. neck
c. greater trochanter
d. trochanteric fossa
e. intertrochanteric crest
1. greater trochanter
2. quadrate tubercle
4. gluteal tuberosity

Front 6

What are the two ligaments that form the two important foramina for the passage of structures into and out of gluteal region?
What are the two foramens?

Back 6

1. sacrospinous ligament
2. sacrotuberous ligament

1. greater sciatic foramen- all exit
2. lesser sciatic foramen- all enter

Front 7

What muscles does superior gluteal nerve supply?

What muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

Back 7

Leaves superior to piriformis
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor faciae latae

Leaves inferior to piriformis
gluteus maximus

Front 8

What is the route and roots of sciatic nerve?

Back 8

-Leaves pelvis inferior to pirformis
- divides 1/2 way down thigh to tibal and common fibular nerves
- roots L4-S3 vetral rami

Front 9

Posterior hip disloation can cause damage to what nerve?
What may result in this type of injury?

Back 9

-paralysis of hamstrings and distal muscles to knee
- sensory changes in posterlateral parts of leg

Front 10

Describe roots and role of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and pudendal nerve

Back 10

S1-S3
- innervates skin of butt, thigh, and calf

-S2-4
Most medial structure exiting greater sciatic foramen, re-enters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen

Front 11

What are the three main arteries of the gluteal region? Where do these three arise from?

Back 11

top left superior to inferior

(superior gluteal arter, inferior gluteal artery, internal pudendal artery)
all arise from the internal illiac artery

Front 12

What does the pneumonic "I Love Going Places In My Very Own Underware" stand for?

Back 12

branches of internal iliac artery
"I Love Going Places In My Very Own Underwear":
Ileolumbar
Lateral sacral
Gluteal (superior and inferior)
Pudendal (internal)
Inferior vesicle (uterine in females)
Middle rectal
Vaginal
Obturator
Umbilical

Front 13

What muscles does the superior gluteal artery supply and where does it originate?

Back 13

third and largest branch of internal iliac artery- gives blood to:
Superior
gluteus maximus
Deep branch:
gluteus medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata

Front 14

What muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply and what does it do in the thigh?

Back 14

supplies:
gluteus maximus, small lateral rotators, superior hamstrings

Involved with cruciate anastomosis of thigh:
1 medial circumflex femoral artery,
2. lateral circumflex of femoral artery
3. first perferating artery

Front 15

What is the significance of the cruciate anastomosis?

Back 15

by passes an obstruction of the external iliac or femoral artery

Front 16

What are the points of the cruciate anastomosis?

Back 16

a. lateral circumflex femoral artery (transverse branch)
b. interior gluteal artery
c. perforating artery (first one)
d. medial circumflex femoral artery

Front 17

What area of the gluteal region should intragluteal injections be made and why?

Back 17

superior lateral quadrant avoiding sciatic nerve

Front 18

What main muscle does 2-4 form... label rest!

Back 18

2-4 form the tricep cocci

1. quadratus femoris
2. inferior gemellus muscle
3. obturator internus muscle
4. superior gemellus muscle
5. piriformis muscle
6. gluteus maximus
7. gluteus minimus
8. gluteus medius muscle

Front 19

What are facts and innervations of the following muscles:
a. gluteus maximus
b. gluteus minimus/medius

Back 19

a. inferior gluteal nerve L5-S1, largest gluteal muscle, chief extensor, lateral rotation, slight leg extension
b. medius is over minimus, thigh abduction and medial rotation
Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

Front 20

What are facts and innervations of the following muscles:
a. tensor fasciae latae
b. function of iliotibial tract

Back 20

a. superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
abducts, medial rotates, flexes thigh, slight extension of knee
b. assists decelerating adduction of thigh, stabilizes knee, stretch to treat chondromalacia patella

Front 21

If patient presents with waddling gait that is characterized by pelvis falling toward unaffected side what is it called?
Causes?

Back 21

called: limp or gluteal gait
also called positive trendelenburg's sign
Causes- superior gluteal nerve injury to gluteus medius and minimus

Front 22

If person presents with positive trendelenburg sign what are muscles and nerves affected?

Back 22

muscles- gluteus minimus and medius
nerve- superior gluteal nerve

Front 23

When leaning on left leg what does gluteus minimus and medius do?
If right side gluteus minimus and medius injured?

Back 23

keep trunk raised, body will fall toward left so compensation by leaning toward injured side- causing limp

Front 24

What is the role of the piriformis?

Back 24

Demarcates gluteal blood and vesses and nerve
nerve- nerve to periformis

Front 25

Describe the obturator internus and externus and how they relate and insert themselms...

Back 25

part of triceps cocci
Internus- stopping up in

Front 26

Describe innervation of superior and inferior gemelli

Back 26

Two nerves come from two long nerves
(N to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus and N to obturator internus and superior gemellus)

Front 27

Which of small lateral rotators are least effective when thigh is flexed?

Back 27

?

Front 28

Which artery is involved in the arterial anastomosis around the hip joint

Back 28

medial circumflex femoral artery

Front 29

What is the articularis genu and role?

Back 29

small slips of vastus intermedius that raise the joint capsule/suprapatellar bursa during extension of the leg

Front 30

What two nerves receive contribution from L2-L4?

Name the terminal branch of the femoral nerve...

Back 30

femoral and obturator

saphenous n.

Front 31

Which nerve innervates obturator internus?

In order from superior to inferior what muscles are below the piriformis in the gluteal region?

Back 31

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellis

-ticeps coxae- (superior gemellis, obturator internus, inferior gemellis)

Front 32

What is the femoral sheath and what does it contain?

Back 32

extension of transversalis fascia around femoral vessels and femoral canal

Front 33

Where is the adductor hiatus?

Where do most posterior thigh muscles originate and which nerve supplies?

Back 33

distal/inferior aspect of adductor magnus also marks beginning of popliteal vessels

ischium, tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Front 34

Name all the vessels that contribute to the cruciate anastomoses

Back 34

medial and lateral circumflex femoral, inferior gluteal, and first perforating artery of deep femoral

Front 35

What three muscles form the pes anserinus?

What are the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

Back 35

sartorius,
gracilus
semitendinosis

- tibial and common fibular

Front 36

What general structures are found in the popliteal fossa superior to inferior?

Which nerve travels with the small saphenous vein? what two nerves form it?

Back 36

tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery

- sural nerve...formed from a. medial sural cutaneous and sural communicating branch (from lateral sural cutaneous)