Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Lymph between the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth |
Perilymph |
|
|
Lymph in the membranous labyrinth |
Endolymph |
|
|
6 steps of the hearing process |
1. Waves strike tympanic membrane 2. Vibrates auditory ossicles 3. Stapes applies pressure to perilymph of Scala vestibuli 4. Pressure distorts basilar membrane 5. Movement of basilar membrane vibrates hair cells against tectorial membrane, altering neurotransmitter release 6. Impulse travels to CNS |
|
|
Function of utricle and saccule in ear |
Detects head tilt and linear acceleration |
|
|
Function of semicircular ducts in ear |
Detect head rotation |
|
|
Movement through lacrimal system |
Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, lacrimal pores, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity |
|
|
Function of recuts muscles |
Moves eyeball in direction of four muscles (lateral, medial, superior, inferior) |
|
|
Function of superior oblique |
Look down and lateral |
|
|
Function of inferior oblique |
Look up and medial |
|
|
Fibrous layer of the eye |
Cornea and sclera |
|
|
Vascular layer |
Iris, ciliary body, choroid |
|
|
Function of vascular layer |
-Blood vessels/lymphatics -regulates light entering eye -secretes/absorbs aqueous humor -controls shape of lense |
|
|
Choroid function |
Brings O2 and nutrients to inner later (contains a lot of capillaries) |
|
|
Cavities in the eye |
Anterior cavity (2 chambers); contains aqueous humor Posterior cavity; contains non-renewing vitreous humor (gelatinous fluid) |
|
|
Aqueous humor |
Clear watery liquid Removed and replaced (drained through canal of Schlemm) |
|
|
Accommodation of eye for distant objects |
Relaxation of ciliary muscles causes tightening of ciliary zonule and lens flattens |
|
|
Accommodation of eye for nearby objects |
Contraction of ciliary muscles cause relaxation of ciliary zonule and lens thickens |
|
|
Name for collection of neuron cell bodies |
Nuclei (CNS) Ganglia (PNS) |
|
|
Name for bundle of axons |
Tracts (brain) Columns (spinal cord) Nerves (PNS) |
|
|
Multipolar neuron |
-2+ dendrites in a single axon -Most common neuron in CNS, motor neurons that control skeletal muscles |
|
|
Bipolar neuron |
-One dendrite and one axon on either end if cell body -Rare (only in special sense organs: eyes, ears, nose) |
|
|
Unipolar neuron |
-cell body off to side, axons are continuous -Most sensory neurons |
|
|
Action potential: depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization |
Depolarization=more positive Repolarization=more negative Hyperpolarization=during refractory period |
|
|
Neuroglia function |
Supports and regulates environment around neurons |
|
|
Astorcytes |
NS -in CNS-Star-shaped -Provides structural framework for neurons -Maintains blood-brain barrier |
|
|
Oligodendrocytes |
-in CNS -Produce myelin |
|
|
Microglia |
-in CNS -phagocytic |
|
|
Ependymal |
-in CNS -Produce CSF |
|
|
Neuroglia of CNS |
Astorcytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal |
|
|
Neuroglia of PNS |
Satellite cells, Schwann cells |
|
|
Satellite cells |
-in PNS -Surrounds and supports cell bodies |
|
|
Schwann cells |
-in PNS -Covers all axons -Two types: myelinating and non-myelinating |
|
|
White matter |
Contains myelinated axons |
|
|
Gray matter |
Contains neural cell bodies, dendrites, non-myelinated axons |
|
|
Meninges order (external to internal) |
Dura matter fold 1, Dural sinus, dura matter fold 2, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia mater |
|
|
Frontal lobe function |
Motor (primary motor cortex), abstract thinking, speech articulation, personality |
|
|
Parietal lobe function |
Sensory (primary somatosensory cortex), language comprehension |
|
|
Temporal lobe function |
Hearing (primary auditory cortex), emotion, memory |
|
|
Occipital lobe function |
Vision (primary visual cortex) |
|
|
Insula function |
Smell (primary olfactory cortex), taste (primary gustatory cortex), consciousness, emotion, self-awareness |
|
|
Basal ganglia function |
Regulates muscle movement |
|
|
Diencephalon |
-integration of sensory info and motor control -Includes: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus |
|
|
Thalamus function |
Relay point for incoming sensory info and all special sensory info (except smell) |
|
|
Hypothalamus function |
-Link between nervous system and endocrine system -Regulates homeostasis, emotions |
|
|
Cerebellum function |
Maintaining balance, coordination of movement |
|
|
Midbrain function |
Helps maintain wakefulness, generates involuntary motor responses |
|
|
Pons function |
Regulates breathing, relays info between cerebellum and rest of CNS |
|
|
Medulla oblongata function |
Relays sensory info from body, regulation of autonomic functions (cardio, resp...) |
|
|
Distal end of spinal cord ends in |
Conus medullaris and cauda equina (horse's tail) |
|
|
Dorsal root |
Sensory; posterior |
|
|
Ventral root |
Motor; anterior |
|
|
Lateral ventricle location |
Cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Third ventricle location |
Between structures of diencephalon |
|
|
Fourth ventricle location |
Area between pons/medulla oblongata and cerebellum |
|
|
CSF |
-filtrate of blood -liquid cushioning of brain -transports nutrients, waste, chemical messengers |
|
|
CSF flow |
Choroid plexus (production), lateral ventricle, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, aqueduct, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space and central canal of spinal cord |
|
|
Motor division - somatic nervous system |
-voluntary control of skeletal muscle -Continuous neuron from spinal cord to skeletal muscle (1 motor neuron) |
|
|
Motor - autonomic nervous system |
-involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands -Two neurons from spinal cord to muscle/gland |
|
|
Sympathetic |
-fight/flight -Thorocolumbar (T1-L2) |
|
|
Parasympathetic |
-rest/digest -Craniosacral |
|
|
CN I |
-Olfactory -Sensory -Smell |
|
|
CN II |
-optic -Sensory -vision |
|
|
CN III |
-oculomotor -Motor -Inferior oblique, superior and medial rectus |
|
|
CN IV |
-trochlear -Motor -Superior oblique |
|
|
CN V |
-trigeminal -Mixed -Skin of face; muscles of mastication |
|
|
CN VI |
-Abducens -Motor -Lateral rectus |
|
|
CN VII |
-Facial -Mixed -taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), muscles of facial expression |
|
|
CN IX |
-Glossopharyngeal -Mixed -Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), pharyngeal muscles |
|
|
CN VIII |
-vestibulocochlear -Sensory -Hearing and balance |
|
|
CN X |
-vagus -Mixed -Thoracic and abdominal organs |
|
|
CN XI |
-spinal accessory -Motor -Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) |
|
|
CN XII |
-hypoglossal -Motor -Tongue movements |
|
|
Oral vestibule |
-cavity when blowing out cheeks -Enclosed by labia, teeth, cheeks, gingivae |
|
|
Oral cavity proper |
-boundaries: hard/soft palate, teeth, tongue, oropharangeal isthmus |
|
|
Root of tongue |
-posterior 1/3 -Immobile -Located in oropharynx |
|
|
Body of tongue |
-anterior 2/3 -Mobile -Located in oral cavity proper |
|
|
Intrinsic tongue muscle |
-alters tongue shape |
|
|
Extrinsic tongue muscle |
Positions tongue |
|
|
Deciduous teeth |
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars (total 20) |
|
|
Permanent teeth |
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars (32 total) |
|
|
Parotid salivary gland |
-most inferior -Serous (watery) secretions and salivary enzymes -Breaks down carbs |
|
|
Submandibular salivary gland |
-mixed secretions -breaks down carbs and lubricates |
|
|
Sublingual salivary gland |
-mucous (thicker than serous) secretion -Function is lubrication |
|
|
Phases of swallowing |
-Buccal phase (voluntary; tongue pushes bolus into oropharynx) -Pharyngeal phase (involuntary) -Esophageal phase (involuntary; esophagus pushes bolus towards stomach) |
