Anatomy Flexor Forearm & Palmar Hand

Front 1

Osteology & Fasciae
Forearm (antebrachium is defined as the part of the upper limb between the

Back 1

elbow & wrist

Front 2

The two bones of the forearm are the

Back 2

radius & ulna

Front 3

The radius is located laterally and is characterized by a ____&_____
it rotates around the stationary and medially located ulna

Back 3

proximal head and a distal styloid process

Front 4

The proximal end of the ulna has two prominent projections the ____& ____process, which bound the deep trochlear notch

Back 4

the olecranon and coronoid process

Front 5

Uniting the radius & ulna is a strong fibrous sheet called the

Back 5

interosseous membrane

Front 6

Distal ends of the radius & ulna is the carpus (wrist) composed of ___bones

Back 6

eight

Front 7

Proximal row of bones (laterally to medial) consists of the

Back 7

scaphoid, lunate triquetrum & pisiform

Front 8

Distal row of bones (lateral to medial consists of the

Back 8

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

Front 9

A strong transverse band of anetbrachial fascia the ___
stretches between the pisiform and scaphoid proximally & between the hamate & trapezium distally

Back 9

flexor retinaculum

Front 10

Flexor retinaculum forms an osseofibrous _____which contains the median nerve & tendons of three muscles

Back 10

carpal tunnel

Front 11

Five ____articulate with the distal carpal bones and form the major part of the skeleton of the hand

Back 11

meatacarpals

Front 12

Meatacarpals articulate the ___.

Back 12

phanlanges

Front 13

Thumb (pollex) has two phalanges and the remaining digits have ____ each

Back 13

three

Front 14

Muscles of flexor forearm
On the anterior aspect of the forearm muscles act primarily on the ___jt and jts of the ___.

Back 14

wrist and digits

Front 15

The actions of the forearm mus are indicated by name except for

Back 15

Palmaris longus (flexes at the wrist)

Front 16

Forearm muscles are organized into superficial & deep groups are innervated by either ___nerve (6.5 mus) or ____nerve (1.5 mus)

Back 16

median nerve or ulnar nerves

Front 17

All muscles in the superficial grp take origin through a common tendon from the ___epicondyle of the ____

Back 17

medial epicondyle
of the humerus

Front 18

originates from the ulna, inserts on the middle lat surface of the radius, pronates the FA & flexes at elbow

Back 18

Pronator teres

Front 19

inserts on the bse of the 2nd metacarpal bone, flexes & abducts the hand

Back 19

flexor carpi radialis

Front 20

inserts into the flexor retinaculum & _____, flexes the hand & tightens the palmar aponeurosis

Back 20

palmar longus
palmar aponeurosis

Front 21

multifaceted origin from the common flexor tendon ulna & radius, flexor passes through the carpal tunnel & inserts on the bodies of the middle phalanges of the medial four digits, flexes prox interphalangeal jts

Back 21

flexor digitorum superficialis

Front 22

arising from the ulna, inserts on the pisiform hamate, & 5th metacarpal,flexes & adducts the hand

Back 22

flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 23

Deep muscles of FA
originating from the radius & adj interosseous membrane, passes thru carpal tunnel,inserts on base of distal phalanz of the thumb. Flexes the interphalangeal jt of this digit

Back 23

flexor pollics longus

Front 24

orgin: three-fourths of the ulna & adj interosseous memb, tendons pass thru carpal tunnel, pierce tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis, insert base of the distal pahalanges of the medial of four digits, flexes the distal interphalangeal jts of these digits

Back 24

flexor digitorum profundus

Front 25

orginating from the distal fourth of the ulna, inserts on the distal fourth of the radius. Intiates pronation of the forearm

Back 25

Pronator quadratus

Front 26

Nerves of the flexor forearm
two nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the flexor FA

Back 26

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
musculocutaneous (skin radial side of FA)

Front 27

arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus & supplies skin on the ulnar side of the forearm

Back 27

antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Front 28

two motor nerves of the flexor FA are the

Back 28

median & ulnar nerves

Front 29

The median nerve (C5-T1) innervates all muscles of the FA except ___ and the medial part of the ____.

Back 29

flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus (tendons to digits 4 & 5)

Front 30

the median nerve passes between the two heads of ____to lay under flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 30

pronator teres

Front 31

Anterior interosseous nerve descends towards the wrist on the interosseous membrane & innervates the

Back 31

three deep muscles

Front 32

At the wrist the meidan nerve lies on the ____side of flexor digitorum superficialis and gives off a _____branch that supplies the skin of the lateral part of the palm.

Back 32

radial
palmar cutaneous branch

Front 33

The median nerve enters the hand thru the

Back 33

carpal tunnel

Front 34

innervates flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial portion of the flexor digitorum profundus

Back 34

Ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

Front 35

The ulnar nerve passes bet. two heads of _____the nerve descends toward the wrist deep to this muscle. Near the middle of the FA the ulnar artery accompanies it.

Back 35

flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 36

As it approaches the wrist the ulnar nerve gives off __& ___branches supply the skin of the medial part of the palm & dorsum.

Back 36

palmar & dorsal cutaneous branches

Front 37

Ulnar nerve & artery leave the FA by passing superficial to the ____ to the pisiform bone.

Back 37

flexor retinaculum lateral

Front 38

Arteries of flexor FA
courses from the cubital fossa to just medial to the tip of the styloid process of the radius. Lies under the brachioradialis mus. througout most of its course.

Back 38

radial artery

Front 39

Branches of the radial artery are the ____ & _____

Back 39

radial recurrent artery & superficial palmar branch

Front 40

Anastomoses with the radial collateral branch of profunda brachii artery, muscular branches, carpal branches

Back 40

radial recurrent artery

Front 41

anastomose with the ulnar artery in the hand

Back 41

superficial palmar branch

Front 42

radial artery leaves the forearm by winding laterally around the radius onto the dorsal aspect of the

Back 42

scaphoid

Front 43

larger than the radial art and coverd by muscles throughout most of its course.

Back 43

ulnar artery

Front 44

Ulnar artery Passes behind the ulnar head of pronator teres, gives off what branches

Back 44

ant & post ulnar recurrent arteries, common interosseous artery (divides ant & post) mucluar, carpal branches,

Front 45

distal 2/3 of FA the art is lateral to the ulnar nerve

Back 45

ulnar artery

Front 46

Intrinsic muscles of the palmar hand

passes deep from palmar aponeurosis are _____which divides the hand into compartments

Back 46

fibrous septa

Front 47

The compartments of the hand

Back 47

lateral thenar (thumb) comp, medial hypothenar (little finger) comp, central comp contain long flexor tendons

Front 48

Three muscles of the thenar comp are innervated by the ____. In addition to bony origins all arise from the flexor retinaculum.

Back 48

recurrent branch of the median nerve

Front 49

Originating from scaphoid this muscle inserts on th eprox phalanx of the 1st digit.

Back 49

Abductor pollicis brevis

Front 50

Abductor pollicis brevis actions
____thumb and helps it opposition (flexion & medial rotation towards 5th digit) which is the most important movement of the thumb

Back 50

abducts

Front 51

originating from the trapeqium, inserts on the proximal phalanx of the 1st digit, flexes thumb

Back 51

flexor pollicis brevis

Front 52

originating from the trapezium this muscle inserts on the shaft of the 1st metacarpal, opposes thumb

Back 52

Opponens pollicis

Front 53

Three muscles of the hypothenar comp. all innervated by the ___nerve

Back 53

ulnar nerve

Front 54

Three muscles of the hypothenar comp.

Back 54

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponenes digiti minimi

Front 55

originating pisiform
inserts prox phalanax of 5th digit
abducts little finger

Back 55

abductor digiti minimi

Front 56

origin hamate & flexor retinaculum
inserts prox phalanx 5th digit
Flexes little finger

Back 56

flexor digiti minimi

Front 57

origin hamate & flexor retinaculum
inserts shaft of 5th metacarpal
Opposes little finger towards the thumb

Back 57

opponenes digiti minimi

Front 58

Central comp contains tendons of ____& ____.

Back 58

flexor digitorum superficialis & flexor digitorum profundus (as they pass towards phalanges)

Front 59

Arising from tendons of the profundus are the ____muscles

Back 59

lumbarical muscles

Front 60

lumbarical muscles inserts into the lateral sides of the _____ of digits 2-5

Back 60

extensor expansions

Front 61

lumbarical muscles flex ____ and _____.

Back 61

metacarpohalangeal jts and ext the interphalangeal jts

Front 62

nerve innervates the two most lateral (radial) lumbricals

Back 62

median

Front 63

nerve innervates the two most medial lubricals

Back 63

ulnar

Front 64

Deep to the comp are the __& __ muscles

Back 64

adductor pollicis & interossei muscles

Front 65

nerve innervates adductor pollicis & interossei muscles

Back 65

ulnar nerve

Front 66

arises from bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals (oblique head) and the body of the 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)
Inserts prox phalanx of thumb and adducts

Back 66

adductor pollicis

Front 67

classified as palmar or dorsal

Back 67

Interossei

Front 68

three palmar interossei aris from the palmar surface of the _______metacarpals and insert into the extensor expansions and prox phalanges of those digits

Back 68

2nd, 4th, 5th

Front 69

Palmar Interossei action: _____the 2nd, 4th, 5th towards an imaginary line thru the long axis of the middle finger

Back 69

adduct
Palmar Adduct

Front 70

Four dorsal interossei arise from adj sides of two metacarpal bones and insert into the extensor expansions and prox phalanges of digits

Back 70

2-4

Front 71

Actions of the dorsal interossi: _____ 2nd, 4th, 5th digits away from imaginery line

Back 71

abduct
Dorsal Abduct

Front 72

Interossi also assit the lumbricals in the ___ of the metacarpalphalangeal jts & ext of the interphalangeal jts

Back 72

flexion

Front 73

Nerves of the palmar hand
Prox to the wrist the median nerve gives of a ____that supplies the skin of the lateral part of the palm.

Back 73

palmar cutaneous branch

Front 74

Median nerve passes thru the carpal tunnel and give off the ___ branch supplying the thenar muscles

Back 74

recurrent branch

Front 75

Median nerve divides into ___branches that send motor fibers to the 1st & 2nd lumbricals & sensory fibers to the palmar surf of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (thumb, index, middle lat half ring) and dorsum of the distal halves of these digits

Back 75

digital branches

Front 76

meidan & ulnar nerves provide cutaneous branches to the palmar hand not all the spinal cord segs are represented in the d

Back 76

deramtome

Front 77

dermatome supplies the thenar eminence and thumb

Back 77

C6

Front 78

dermatome supplies the index finger & middle fingers and adj palm

Back 78

C7

Front 79

dermatome supplies the hypothenar eminence and ring and little finger

Back 79

C8

Front 80

Ulnar artery passes over the flexor retinaculum, gives off a ____branch which passes through the hypothenar muscles and anastomoses with the terminal radial art.

Back 80

deep palmar branch

Front 81

the ulnar artery continues as the (after branch of deep palmar) ____ anatsomoses with a branch of the radial art.

Back 81

superficial palmar arterial arch

Front 82

Superficial palmar arch gives off ___arteries that supply the medial 3.5 digits

Back 82

digital arteries

Front 83

Prior to passing to posterior aspect of the wrist the radial artery gives off a ____branch joins the superficial palmar arch (ulnar artery)

Back 83

superficial palmar branch

Front 84

Artery crosses the floor of the _________ and passes thru the heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to enter the palm

Back 84

anatomical snuff box

Front 85

____artery supplies thumb and the radialis indicis artery supplies the lateral side of the index finger

Back 85

princeps pollicis artery

Front 86

the radial artery continues deep to the ____ arterial arch, anastomoses with deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery.

Back 86

deep palmar arterial arch

Front 87

Deep palmar gives off ____arteries that join the digital arteries from the superficial palmar arch

Back 87

metacarpal arteries

Front 88

A fall on the outstretched FA with the hand pronated and WR ext can result in a fx of the distal end of the radius or the ____

Back 88

scaphoid (most common fx carpal)

Front 89

severing the ____ nerve at the elbow causes paralysis of the long flexors or the 1st, 2nd, 3rd digits thenar mus and radial lumbricals

Back 89

median

Front 90

flexion at the prox interphalengeal jts of 4,5 are lost , attempts to make a fist 1-3 remain ext giving appearance of

Back 90

hand of benediction

Front 91

any condition that reduces the size of the carpal tunnel, compressing the median nerve causing pain or anethesia in the digits and weakness of the thenar muscles

Back 91

carpal tunnel syn

Front 92

severing the median nerve at the wrist in suicide attempt cause paralysis of the ___ muscles and ____. Can't oppose thumb, difficulty flex index, middle = ape hand

Back 92

thenar
radial lumbricals

Front 93

____ injury either side of the elbow or wrist can result in loss of abduction and adductions of the digits, adduction of the thumb

Back 93

Ulnar

Front 94

Ulnar injury 4,5 digits hyperext at metacarpalphalangeal jt and flex at interphalangeal jt (d/t unopposed long ext & flex) gives appearance of

Back 94

claw hand

Front 95

All intrinsic muscles of the hand are supplied or innervated by spinal nevre ___

Back 95

T1 (median & ulnar nerves )
A heart attach may express as reffered pain through those muscles

Front 96

passes superficial to muscles as it descends toward the wrist, thus inj of drugs into art mistaking for vein = serious complications

Back 96

ulnar artery

Front 97

Most common site for obtaining pulse rate is the distal end of the radius, radial art is subcut and lies laterally to the tendon of _____

Back 97

flexor carpi radialis

Front 98

the ulnar artery is palpated to the tendons of

Back 98

flexor digitorum superficialis & profundus