Anatomy (Flexor Forearm And Hand)

Front 1

where is the dorsal radial tubercle (of Lister)? what is its function?

Back 1

distal end of radius

acts as pulley for extensor pollicis longus

Front 2

which muscles are in the superficial layer of flexor forearm compartment?

Back 2

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 3

what is the common origin for the muscles in the superficial layer of the flexor forearm compartment?

Back 3

anterior portion of medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 4

which muscles are in the intermediate layer of the flexor forearm compartment?

Back 4

flexor digitorum superficialis (sublimis)

Front 5

what innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Back 5

median nerve

Front 6

what is the relationship of the median nerve to the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Back 6

lies deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis

Front 7

what are the proximal attachments of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Back 7

humerus
ulna
radius

Front 8

what is the arrangement of tendons from the flexor digitorum superficialis in the carpal tunnel?

Back 8

3 4
2 5

Front 9

which tendons travel through the carpal tunnel?

Back 9

flexor digitorum superficialis (4)
flexor digitorum profundus (4)
flexor pollicis longus (1)

total = 9 tendons

Front 10

what forms the carpal tunnel?

Back 10

carpal bones of wrist
flexor retinaculum

Front 11

what is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Back 11

flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints

Front 12

what are the branches of the ulnar artery in the forearm?

Back 12

anterior ulnar recurrent artery
posterior ulnar recurrent artery
common interosseous artery
muscular branches
palmar and dorsal carpal arteries

Front 13

with what artery does the anterior ulnar recurrent artery anastomose?

Back 13

inferior ulnar collateral artery
(from the brachial artery)

Front 14

with what artery does the posterior ulnar recurrent artery anastomose?

Back 14

superior ulnar collateral artery
(from the brachial artery)

Front 15

what are the branches of the common interosseous artery?

Back 15

anterior interosseous artery
posterior interosseous artery

Front 16

what are the branches of the radial artery in the forearm?

Back 16

musculararteries
radial recurrent artery
palmar carpal branch
superficial palmar branch

Front 17

with what artery does the radial recurrent artery anastomose?

Back 17

profunda brachii

Front 18

with what artery does the profunda brachii anastomose?

Back 18

radial recurrent artery
(from radial artery)

Front 19

what muscles are in the deep layer of the forearm muscles in the flexor compartment?

Back 19

pronator quadratus
flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus

Front 20

from what nerve does the anterior interosseous nerve branch?

Back 20

median nerve

Front 21

from what nerve does the posterior interosseous nerve branch?

Back 21

radial nerve
(continuation of deep branch of radial nerve after it has passed through the supinator muscle)

Front 22

what is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus?

Back 22

flexes distal interphalangeal joints

Front 23

what innervates the pronator quadratus?

Back 23

anterior interosseous nerve
(from median nerve)

Front 24

what innervates the flexor pollicis longus?

Back 24

anterior interosseous nerve
(from median nerve)

Front 25

what innervates the flexor digitorum profundus?

Back 25

lateral 1/2 - anterior interosseous nerve
(from median nerve)

medial 1/2 - ulnar nerve

Front 26

which flexor muscles in the forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

Back 26

medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
flexor carpi ulnaris

(also elbow joint)

Front 27

what branches off of the ulnar nerve just proximal to the wrist?

Back 27

palmar and dorsal cutaneous branches

Front 28

what accompanies the ulnar nerve through most of the forearm?

Back 28

ulnar artery

Front 29

what nerve lies just deep to the brachioradialis muscle?

Back 29

superficial radial nerve

Front 30

what accompanies the radial artery in the forearm?

Back 30

superficial radial nerve

Front 31

where does the superficial radial nerve become cutaneous?

Back 31

about 5cm proximal to the styloid process of the radius

Front 32

where does the median nerve run in the forearm?

Back 32

between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

then deep to the flexor retinaculum

Front 33

which flexor muscles in the forearm are innervated by the median nerve?

Back 33

all except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
(pronator quadratus, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, lateral 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus)

also elbow and wrist joints

Front 34

what is the internervous line of the forearm? where is it?

Back 34

line that extends between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum superficialis, which separates the flexor muscles innervated by the median nerve from those innervated by the ulnar nerve

Front 35

what nerve crosses the ulnar artery?

Back 35

median nerve

Front 36

when does the radial artery cross the radial nerve?

Back 36

it approaches and runs with the radial nerve, but never crosses it

Front 37

when does the ulnar artery cross the ulnar nerve?

Back 37

it approaches and runs with the ulnar nerve, but never crosses it

Front 38

what arteries supply the hand? via what branches?

Back 38

radial - deep palmar arch
ulnar - superficial palmar arch

Front 39

from what artery does the deep palmar arch arise?

Back 39

dr su

deep palmar arch arises from the radial artery

Front 40

from which artery does the superficial palmar arch arise?

Back 40

dr su

superficial palmar arch arises from the ulnar artery

Front 41

what artery(ies) provide most of the blood supply for the forearm?

Back 41

common interosseous branch of the ulnar artery via anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

Front 42

how do the anterior and posterior interosseous nerves differ from the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries?

Back 42

ant. n. - arises from median nerve and doesn't cross into extensor compartment
ant. a. - arises from common interosseous branch from ulnar artery and crosses into extensor compartment as the posterior interosseous a. fails

post. n. - arises from radial nerve and efficiently innervates extensor compartment
post. a. - arises from common interosseous branch of ulnar artery and is insufficient to supply the entire extensor compartment

Front 43

through what two heads of muscle do each of the three nerves of the forearm pass?

Back 43

median nerve - 2 heads of pronator teres
ulnar nerve - 2 heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (cubital tunnel)
posterior interosseous nerve - 2 layers of supinator muscle

Front 44

what are the eight bones of the wrist?

Back 44

from lateral to medial, and proximal to distal: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
scapphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

Front 45

to what does the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) attach?

Back 45

lateral - scaphoid and trapezium

medial - hook of hamate and pisiform

Front 46

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Back 46

flexor digitorum superficialis (2x2)
flexor digitorum profundus (sxs)
flexor pollicis longus
median nerve
flexor carpi radialis

Front 47

what causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 47

compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel as the result of a swelling in one of the tendons passing through the tunnel

Front 48

what are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 48

weakness and wasting of thenar muscles (loss of opposition of thumb)
anesthesia over lateral 3.5 digits

Front 49

how is carpal tunnel syndrome treated surgically?

Back 49

cutting the flexor retinaculum to relieve pressure and symptoms

Front 50

why is the skin over the thenar muscles not affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 50

it is innervated by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve or lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, which enter the palm superficial to the carpal tunnel