Anatomy Flashcards

Front 1

What are the borders of the abdominal cavity? Superiorly, inferiorly, posteriorly, laterally and anteriorly

Back 1

Superiorly- Diaphragm
inferiorly- countinuous with the pelvic cavity
posteriorly-vertebral column and abdominal wall
laterally and anteriorly- by abdominal wall, ribs in top portion

Front 2

What are the functions of the abdomen?

Back 2

-Protection of abdominal organs
-breathing
-change in intra-abdominal pressure
-container for important visceral organs

Front 3

what structures are found in the RUQ and LUQ?

Back 3

RUQ: liver and gall bladder
LUQ: stomach and spleen

Front 4

What structures are found in the RLQ and LLQ

Back 4

RLQ: appendix, ascending colon
LLQ: descending colon and Sigmoid colon
Pancrease- R and L UQ
Small bowl- in all 4 quadrants

Front 5

What does the diaphragm divide

Back 5

divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 6

Anterior and posterior diaphragm attachment

Back 6

anteriorly- attached to costal margin
Posterios- the diaphragm has two muscular extensions, right and left crus

Front 7

What are the crus attached to?

Back 7

crus attached to the median arcuate ligament

Front 8

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Back 8

lines the abdominal wall

Front 9

Visceral peritoneum

Back 9

covers organs suspended in the peritoneal cavity

Front 10

Peritoneal cavity

Back 10

potential space between parietal and visceral perotneum

Front 11

Intraperitoneal

Back 11

organs suspended in the abdominal cavity by mesentery: these structures are free to move within the mesentary

Front 12

Mesentary

Back 12

this thissue composed of regleted peritoneal double layer

Front 13

Retroperitoneal

Back 13

organs that are positioned between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall in the extraperitoneal fascia

Front 14

Peritoneal folds form special structures

Back 14

including mesentery, ligaments, omentum

Front 15

What are bony components of abdominal wall

Back 15

Lumbar vertebrae, upper wings of pelvic bones, costal margin and ribs 11 and 12

Front 16

What are muscular components of abdominal wall

Back 16

Posterior- quadratus lumborum, psoas, iliacus
Lateral- external and internal oblique, transversus abdominis
Anterior- rectus abdominis

Front 17

Layers of abdominal wall from superficial to deep

Back 17

Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscles and deep fascia (transversalis fascia)
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum

Front 18

Superficial Fascia of abdomen

Back 18

Subcutaneous tissue, mostly fat
Below the umbilicus the subcutaneous tissue divides into superficial layer(camper's fascia) and deeper layer (scarpa's fascia)

Front 19

Camper's fascia (superficial layer)

Back 19

Continues to become tissue in penis and scrotum (dartos fascia) or labia majora

Front 20

Deeper layer (Scarpa’s fascia):

Back 20

membranous layer
Continues into the perineum as Colles’ fascia.

Front 21

What muscles are on the anterior-lateral wall of the abdomen?

Back 21

Posterior-lateral:
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

Medial:
Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis

Front 22

What is aponeurosis?

Back 22

flat, broad tendinous sheets

Front 23

Exteral Olique Muscle

Back 23

Deep to superficial fascia
- Runs inferior-medially (“hands in the pockets”)
- Continues as aponeurosis of external oblique in midline, and linea alba in the middle

Front 24

What is the inguinal ligament

Back 24

Inferior thickening of the aponeurosis form the inguinal ligament which runs from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle of the pelvic bone

Front 25

Internal oblique muscle

Back 25

Runs superior-medially (most of it)
- Aponeurosis continues to linea alba

Front 26

Transvesus abdominis

Back 26

Deepest layer, deep to internal oblique
- Runs horizontally
- Aponeurosis continues to linea alba

Front 27

Transversalis fascia

Back 27

Deep fascia deep to transversus abdominis is called the transversalis fascia

Front 28

What is deep to trasnversalis fascia

Back 28

Deep to that is the extraperitoneal fascia and fat and parietal peritoneum

Front 29

Function of flat muscles, and innervation

Back 29

Flat muscles compress abdominal contents and flex/rotate trunk. Innervated by thoracic spinal nerves

Front 30

Rectus abdominis muscle

Back 30

Flat muscle from ribs to pubis, runs vertically
- Separated by linea alba and 3-4 horizontal insertions
- Covered by rectus sheath (aponeurosis) formed by various layers of flat muscles
- Except for posterior inferior quarter of the muscle which is in direct contact with transversalis fascia

Front 31

vessels that supply the anterior abdominal wall

Back 31

superior epigastric artery: from the internal thoracic artery
inferior epigastric arter from external iliac artery
these will meet and form the anastomosis

Front 32

Inguinal region

Back 32

Region between anterior abdominal wall and thigh

Has weaknesses from development of the gonads (testes descend through the wall)

Front 33

Inguinal canal

Back 33

Anatomical passageway in anterior abdominal wall formed by folding of aponeurosis of abdominal muscles

Front 34

Location of the inguinal canal

Back 34

Starts at deep (internal) inguinal ring (transversalis fascia) and ends at superficial (external) inguinal ring (external oblique aponeurosis

Front 35

difference in men vs. women with inguinal canal

Back 35

Passes spermatic cord in men or round ligament in woman (and nerves, vessels, and lymphatics) from deep ring to superficial ring
Inguinal canal is much more prominent in men

Front 36

Major spermatic cord contents

Back 36

Vas deferens
Venous plexus
Testicular artery + others
Genitofemoral nerve – cremaster muscle
SEVEN UP

Front 37

Cremaster muscle

Back 37

extension from internal oblique around scrotum and cord: draws testes up in response to cold or fear

Front 38

hernia

Back 38

abnormal protrusion of an organ or its coverings through the wall of a cavity

Front 39

Inguinal hernia-

Back 39

passage of peritoneal sac +/- abdominal contents through the abdominal wall to the groin, much more common in men

Front 40

indirect inguinal hernias

Back 40

through the deep inguinal ring, can extend all the way through the superficial ring into the scrotum:
Indirect hernias pass through the deep inguinal ring (lateral to the epigastric vessels)

Front 41

Direct inguinal hernia

Back 41

through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, can extend through the superficial ring
Does not go through the whole inguinal canal:
Initial protrusion is usually through weakened space in the inguinal triangle

Direct hernias pass through the inguinal triangle (medial to the epigastric vessels)

Front 42

Inguinal triangle

Back 42

made:

Lateral: inferior epigastric artery
Medial: rectus abdominis muscle
Inferior: inguinal ligament