Anatomy First Part Of Bones

Front 1

Skeletal system
Function

Back 1

framework of bones and cartilage that prtoects our organs and allows us to move

1.support
2.protection
3.movement
4.mineral storage and homeostasis
5.site of bloodcell production (hemopoiesis)
6.storage of energy

Front 2

Long Bone

Back 2

Length is greater than width; contain compact bone

ex: tibula and fibula

Front 3

Short Bone

Back 3

Nearly equal in length and width
Ex: wrist and ankle bone

Front 4

Flat Bone

Back 4

Provide protection and an area for muscle attatchement

ex: sternum

Front 5

Irregular Bone

Back 5

Complex shape

ex: vertabrae

Front 6

Sutral Bone

Back 6

wormian found in skull

Front 7

Sesamoid Bone

Back 7

bones with tendon

Ex: patella

Front 8

Diaphysis

Back 8

body or shaft

Front 9

Epiphysis

Back 9

end of bone

Front 10

Metaphysis

Back 10

joins epiphysis to diaphysis

Front 11

Articular Cartilage

Back 11

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis
-area for articulation to reduce friction and absorb shock

Front 12

Periosteum

Back 12

tough white fiberous membrane around the surface of bone
-not covered by articular cartilage
-protection,nutritition, growth in diameter, repair, and attatchment of tendons and ligaments

Front 13

Medullary

Back 13

marrow cavity
-contains yellow marrow

Front 14

Endosteum

Back 14

lining of the medullary cavity

Front 15

Compact Bone
-Volkman's canal
-Haversian Canal

Back 15

volkman's canal- area where blood vessels and nerves penetrate the periosteum

Haversian Canal- runs length wise and surrounded by concentric lamellae, lucunnae are located between lamelle, and camaliculi connect one lucunae to the next

Front 16

Ossification

Back 16

process of bone formation

TWO TYPES
-intra membranes: cranial bones
-endochondral- most bones formed this way
-bone growth and remodeling deped upon nutrients available, hormones, exercise (most important hormone PTH)
-demineralization results from the removal of mechanical/stress
(ex: weight bearings, action at muscle)

Osteroporosis- loss of calcium in bone over time

Front 17

How is the diameter of the bone increased?

Back 17

Bone is increased by destruction of bone internally and deposition externally
-most important hormone that regulates blood calcium is PTH (neg.feedback)

Front 18

how does exercise affect the bone

Back 18

increase strength of bone through increase deposition
-main stress on bone is from the pull of muscles caused by weight bearing exercise and gravity

Front 19

Loss Calcium

Back 19

Decrease rate of protein formation which means decrease in organic portion of the bone of the matrix
-bone gets brittle

Front 20

Foramen

Back 20

opening through which blood vessels nerve or ligaments pass

ex: foramen magnum

depressions and opening

Front 21

Meatus

Back 21

tube like passage way running within a bone
-canal
Ex:external auditory meatus

depressions and openings

Front 22

Paranasal sinus

Back 22

-air filled cavity within a bone and connected to the nasal cavity

ex:frontal sinus cavity

depressions and openings

Front 23

Fossa

Back 23

depression in or on a bone

Ex:mandibular fossa (ditch or trench)

Depression or openings

Front 24

Condyle

Back 24

knuckle like process
-large rounded prominence that forms a joint
ex: medial condyle

process that form joints

Front 25

Head

Back 25

-rounded projection that forms a joint and is supported by a constricted portion(neck)
ex:femoral head

Front 26

Facet

Back 26

smooth flat surface
ex: illiac crest

process that forms a joint

Front 27

tuberosity

Back 27

large, usually roughened process
Ex:tibial tuberosity

process in attatchment

Front 28

spinous process

Back 28

sharp projection
ex: spinous process of vertabrae

attatchement

Front 29

trochanter

Back 29

large blunt projection found only on the femer
ex: greater trochanter

process for attatchement

Front 30

crest

Back 30

prominent border or ridge

ex: illiac crest

process for attatchement

Front 31

Sutures

Back 31

found in the skull and are considered immovable

-coronal suture- crown; unites frontal bone with 2 parietal bone
-sagittal suture- unites the two parietal bones
-lambdad- unites the parietal bones and occipital
-squamous- unites parietal and temporal

Front 32

Cranium

Back 32

Frontal bone- forms part of eye socket contains the frontal sinus
Parietal bone- form the majority of the roof of the cranial cavity
Temporal-forms inferior portion of the cranium and portion of the floor
-joins together with the zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch
-contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and the external auditory meatus
-Occipital bone- contains the foramen magnum and has occipital condyles

Front 33

Fontels

Back 33

cartilage or fiberous connective tissue membrane that hasnt been replaced by bone(intramembranous
aka soft spots
allows rapid growth of brain during infancy

Front 34

articulation

Back 34

point of contact between bones, cartilage and bones and between teeth and bones

Front 35

arthorology

Back 35

study of joints
structure determines function

Front 36

Joint flexibility

Back 36

affected by hormones like relaxin

Front 37

Types of structural joints

Back 37

fiberous-no synovial cavity
-joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue

cartilagonous- no synovial cavity
-bones held together by cartilage

synovial-has synovial cavity
bones forming joint are united by a surrounding articulare capsule and accesory ligaments

Front 38

synarthrosis

Back 38

immovable joints

sutures-skull

gonphosis joint- teeth with maxilla and mandible

synchondrosis-joint is eventually replaced by bone
ex: epiphyseal plate

Front 39

amphiarthrosis

Back 39

-slightly moveable

syndesmosis-band or ligament joint(dense fibrous connective tissue)
-some flexibility

symphysis-cartilaginous joint
ex:intervertiable disc and pubic symphasis

Front 40

Diarthrosis

Back 40

freely moveable (6 types)

1.gliding-back and forth movement ex:tarsals or carples

2.Hinge-ex:humerous and ulna

3.pivot-ex: proximal end of radius and ulna

4.condyloid- ex: temporal mandibular joint

5.saddle joint-ex: talus with the tibia and fibula

6.ball and socket- ex: femour with ilium
-have a synovial cavity containing synovial fluid
-presence of articular cartilage, fibrous capsules; ligament borsae (bone to bone)