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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

hearing and equilibrium

1. external ear


2. middle ear


3. internal ear

external ear

1. auricle (pinna) funnels sound into external acoustic meatus


2. tympanic membrane (eardrum)

tympanic membrane

eardrum, in external ear, vibrated by sound

middle ear

an airfilled space


1. ossicles


2. oval window


3. round window


4. pharyngotympanic tude (eustachian tube)

pharyngotympanic tube

1. connects middle ear to pharynx


2. allows middle ear pressure to equalize with atmosphere




in middle ear

internal ear

1. bony labyrinth


2. membranous labyrinth


3. semilcircular ducts


4. saccule and utricle


5. cochlea

bony labyrinth

cavities in temperal bone filled (partly) with peri lymph


1.semicircular canals and vestibule for balance and equilibrium only


2. conchlea for hearing only


in internal ear

membranous labyrinth

sacs/ducts within body labyrinth in cochlea (cochlear duct)


1. filled with endolymph


in internal ear





endolymph in membranous labyrinth

1. semicircular ducts (in semicircular canals


2. saccule and utricle (in vestibule)


3. cochlear duct (in cochlea)

ossicles

1. malleus


2. incus


3. stapes


in middle ear

malleus

1. an ossicle in middle ear


2. receives vibration from eardrum

stapes

1. in ossicle in middle ear


2. transmits vibration to oval window

oval window

1. in middle ear


2. transmits to internal ear

round window

1. where pressure in internal ear pushes back out


2. in middle ear

semicircular ducts

1. in semicircular canals


2. sense rotation only


3. cristae ampullares


4. in internal ear

saccule and utricle

1. in vestibule


2. sense linear acceleration (eg gravity) only


3. maculae


4. in internal ear





cochlear duct

in cochlea


hearing

cristae ampullares

sensory epithelia in semicircular ducts in the internal ear




stimulated by flow of endolymph

maculae

sensory epithelia in saccule and utricle in the internal ear

sensory pathways from maculae and critae ampullares

vestibular nerve (branch of CN VII)---> brain

layers of the eye

1. fibrous layer


2. vascular layer


3. inner layer



segments of the eye

1. anterior segment


2. posterior segment

fibrous layer

outer most


1. sclera


2. cornea

sclera

the "white" of the eye in the fibrous layer

cornea

1. transparent


2. mostly made of regularly arranged collagen


3. performs most of the light bending


4. avascular, so no immune cells and can transplant without rejection


in the fibrous layer

choroid

1. highly vascular; pigmented (melanin)


2. provides nutrients and oxygen to inner layer


3. absorbs scattered light


in the vascular layer

vascular layer

middle layer

ciliary body

1. mostly smooth muscle


2. attached to lens by ciliary zonule (fibers)


3. for accomodation (change shape of lens to focus light)


in vascular layer

ciliary body accommodation

1. at rest, lens is stretched flat by ciliary zonule----distant focus

ciliary body near focus

1. contract ciliary body


2. less tension in ciliary zonule


3. lens recoils to more spherical shape

iris

1. smooth muscle--regulates size of pupil (opening)


eg smaller for bright light

inner layer

retina


2. pigmented layer (outer)


3. neural layer (inner layer of retina)


4. fovea ventralis

pigmented layer

(outer)


1. melanin


2. retinal detachment

melanin

absorbs light to prevent scattering

retinal detachment

separation of neural layer from pigmented layer of retina

photoreceptors

one the side AWAY from light


1. rod cells


2. cone cells


3. fovea centralis

rod cells

1. do not sense color


2. can sense dim light

cone cells

1. sense color


2. cannot sense dim light

fovea centralis

pit in retina corresponding to center of visual field


1. sharpest visual acuity


2. 100% cones