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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hearing and equilibrium |
1. external ear 2. middle ear 3. internal ear |
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external ear |
1. auricle (pinna) funnels sound into external acoustic meatus 2. tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
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tympanic membrane |
eardrum, in external ear, vibrated by sound |
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middle ear |
an airfilled space 1. ossicles 2. oval window 3. round window 4. pharyngotympanic tude (eustachian tube) |
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pharyngotympanic tube |
1. connects middle ear to pharynx 2. allows middle ear pressure to equalize with atmosphere in middle ear |
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internal ear |
1. bony labyrinth 2. membranous labyrinth 3. semilcircular ducts 4. saccule and utricle 5. cochlea |
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bony labyrinth |
cavities in temperal bone filled (partly) with peri lymph 1.semicircular canals and vestibule for balance and equilibrium only 2. conchlea for hearing only in internal ear |
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membranous labyrinth |
sacs/ducts within body labyrinth in cochlea (cochlear duct) 1. filled with endolymph in internal ear |
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endolymph in membranous labyrinth |
1. semicircular ducts (in semicircular canals 2. saccule and utricle (in vestibule) 3. cochlear duct (in cochlea) |
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ossicles |
1. malleus 2. incus 3. stapes in middle ear |
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malleus |
1. an ossicle in middle ear 2. receives vibration from eardrum |
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stapes |
1. in ossicle in middle ear 2. transmits vibration to oval window |
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oval window |
1. in middle ear 2. transmits to internal ear |
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round window |
1. where pressure in internal ear pushes back out 2. in middle ear |
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semicircular ducts |
1. in semicircular canals 2. sense rotation only 3. cristae ampullares 4. in internal ear |
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saccule and utricle |
1. in vestibule 2. sense linear acceleration (eg gravity) only 3. maculae 4. in internal ear |
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cochlear duct |
in cochlea hearing |
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cristae ampullares |
sensory epithelia in semicircular ducts in the internal ear stimulated by flow of endolymph |
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maculae |
sensory epithelia in saccule and utricle in the internal ear |
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sensory pathways from maculae and critae ampullares |
vestibular nerve (branch of CN VII)---> brain |
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layers of the eye |
1. fibrous layer 2. vascular layer 3. inner layer |
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segments of the eye |
1. anterior segment 2. posterior segment |
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fibrous layer |
outer most 1. sclera 2. cornea |
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sclera |
the "white" of the eye in the fibrous layer |
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cornea |
1. transparent 2. mostly made of regularly arranged collagen 3. performs most of the light bending 4. avascular, so no immune cells and can transplant without rejection in the fibrous layer |
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choroid |
1. highly vascular; pigmented (melanin) 2. provides nutrients and oxygen to inner layer 3. absorbs scattered light in the vascular layer |
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vascular layer |
middle layer |
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ciliary body |
1. mostly smooth muscle 2. attached to lens by ciliary zonule (fibers) 3. for accomodation (change shape of lens to focus light) in vascular layer |
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ciliary body accommodation |
1. at rest, lens is stretched flat by ciliary zonule----distant focus |
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ciliary body near focus |
1. contract ciliary body 2. less tension in ciliary zonule 3. lens recoils to more spherical shape |
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iris |
1. smooth muscle--regulates size of pupil (opening) eg smaller for bright light |
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inner layer |
retina 2. pigmented layer (outer) 3. neural layer (inner layer of retina) 4. fovea ventralis |
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pigmented layer |
(outer) 1. melanin 2. retinal detachment |
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melanin |
absorbs light to prevent scattering |
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retinal detachment |
separation of neural layer from pigmented layer of retina |
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photoreceptors |
one the side AWAY from light 1. rod cells 2. cone cells 3. fovea centralis |
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rod cells |
1. do not sense color 2. can sense dim light |
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cone cells |
1. sense color 2. cannot sense dim light |
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fovea centralis |
pit in retina corresponding to center of visual field 1. sharpest visual acuity 2. 100% cones |