Anatomy Final Review Ch 7

Front 1

central nervous system

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

peripheal nervous system

Back 2

outside the CNS, consists mainly of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord

Front 3

auto NS

Back 3

part of the motor or efferent PNS, regulates events that are involuntary, such as cardiac and smooth muscle, called involuntary nervous system

Front 4

somatic NS

Back 4

part of the motor of efferent PNS, allows us to voluntarily control out skeletal muscles, called voluntary nervous system

Front 5

action potential

Back 5

essential for nerve impulse propagation; a long distance signal that is all or none- either propagated over the entire axon or it does not happen at all

Front 6

broca's area

Back 6

part of the brain that deals with the ability to speak, found at base of precentral gyrus in left cerebral hemisphere

Front 7

medulla oblogatoa

Back 7

most inferior part of brain stem; the vital center for control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomitting

Front 8

polarization for physiology of a nerve impulse

Back 8

plasma membrane of a resting or inactive neuron is polarized- there are fewer positive ions sitting on the inner face of the neuron’s plasma membrane than there are on its outer face in the tissue fluid that surrounds it

Front 9

depolarization for physiology of a nerve impulse

Back 9

inward rush of sodium ions changes the polarity of the neuron’s membrane at that site, the inside is now more positive and the outside is less positive (graded potential), initiates an action potential or nerve impulse

Front 10

repolarization for physoilogy of a nerve impulse

Back 10

immediately after the sodium ions rush into the neuron, the membrane permeability changes, it is impermeable to sodium ions but permeable to potassium ions; potassium ions are allowed to diffuse out of the neuron into the tissue fluid; restores the electrical conditions at the membrane to the polarized or resting state; after repolarization occurs, the initial concentrations of the sodium and potassium ions inside and outside the neuron are restores by activation of the sodium potassium pump

Front 11

sequence of reflex arc

Back 11

Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Front 12

where in the brain is the primary motor area

Back 12

Frontal lobe- enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements

Front 13

list the meningesin order

Back 13

Dura mater (outer), arachnoid mater, pia mater (inner)

Front 14

list the spinal nerves from superior to anterior

Back 14

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral