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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 2 parts of the Adrenal Glands?
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Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla |
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What are the functions of the Endocrine System?
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Homeostasis
Regulation of body activities |
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Which of these releases a hormone directly into the blood stream?
Endocrine or Exocrine? |
Endocrine
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What are the cones?
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The Photoreceptors that allow us to see colors
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This does not contain photoreceptors and is also called the blind spot
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Optic Disc
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The olfactory nerve is located in the upper parts of the_____?
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Nasal Cavity
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The Olfactory Nerve's purpose is for ____?
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Smell
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How many different smells can we recognize?
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5,000 and over
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What is the function of Mucus in the Olfactory Nerve?
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Mainly for Protection. But also absorbs waste and particles,washes things away, absorbs but does not dissolve odorants, and moistens the tissues
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Cilia inside the Olfactory Nerve is mainly for ___?
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Protection not for movement.
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Olfactory cell recognizes a/an______?
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odorant
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Does smell respond to atmospheric pressure?
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No. Pressure does not change
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What are gustatory receptors for?
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For taste
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What are the 4 different tastes?
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Sour, Sweet, Salty, and Bitter
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How many taste buds do we have?
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Around 10,000
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The largest number of taste buds are on the...
Tongue or Pharynx? |
Tongue
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Out of these 3 papillare's on the tongue, which is the most predominant? fungiform, circumvallate, or filiform?
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Filiform
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Lacrimal Glands produce____?
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Tears
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Tears are hypertonic or isotonic?
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Isotonic
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The vitreous body/humour is behind the ____ and ____.
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Lens and Retina
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The vitreous is a ____ fluid and fills the _____ cavity and is for ______.
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Thick
posterior support |
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What percent of the Vitreous body is made every year up until middle age?
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20%
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The Tissue that Covers the exposed part of the eye is the?
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Cornea then Sclera
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Part of the eye that is colorful
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Iris
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Opening of light in the eye?
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Pupil
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Light enters the eye through the _____ and the ____ regulates the amount of light by controlling the size of the ______.
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Pupil
Iris Pupil |
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The Aqueous Humour is between the ____ and ____.
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Iris and the Retina
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The Aqueous Humour helps keep _____ and ______.
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Shape
Moistens |
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The normal shape of the lens close up is____?
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Round
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The normal shape of the lens far away (20ft) is______?
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streched like a football
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What are the bodies that connect to the lens and change shape?
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Ciliary Bodies
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When light goes into the eye the _____ turns it upsidown.
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the lens
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Cells that see color are__?
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Cones
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Cells that see black, white and shades of gray are___?
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Rods
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Sharpest vision in retina for color vision is the ___?
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Fovea centralis
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The optic disc is the___?
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Blind Spot
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What are the 3 main colors we see?
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Red
Blue Green |
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If you see Red, Green, and Blue together you see____?
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White
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The eyes absorb the ____ and that is how we see.
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photons
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The mechanism involved in producing photons is the _____of_____ orbiting each atoms nucleus.
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energizing of electrons
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The active substance in the Rods is ___?
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Rhodopsin
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Light enters the clear ___ of the eye. Its intensity is controlled by the adjustable diaphragm, the ____. The light passes through the iris opening called the _____, and is focused by the ____ on the _____. From the retina the light is converted into _____ impulses, conducted by the ______ and tract to the _____cortex or back of the brain.
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Cornea
Iris Pupil Lens Retina Electrical Optic Nerve Occipital |
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Visual Pigments are ____?
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opsins
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We need Vitamin __ to see.
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A
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What vitamin is good for clarity of vision and distance?
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C
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The external ear is called the ..?
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Pinna
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The 3 auditory ossicles are?
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The Malleus (hammer)
The Incus (anvil) Stapes (oval window) |
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The Middle Ear connects the _____ to the _____.
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Tympanic Membrane
Oval Window |
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What part of the ear is responsible for balance and equilibrium?
Inner Ear, Semi Circular Canals, Cochlea? |
Semi Circular Canals
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The gravity receptors that respond to linear acceleration of the head are the maculae of the ____ and____?
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Utricle and Saccule
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Sound is _____ when it hits the tympanic membrane then it is converted into ______.
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Mechanical
Vibrations |
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Where do you find taste receptors?
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Tongue, Larynx and Pharynx
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Is pepper a taste sensation?
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No
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What part of the brain controls sense of smell?
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Temporal Lobe
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What is the pathway of light entering the eye?
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Cornea, Pupil, Aqueous Humour, Lens, Vitrious Humour, Retina, Optic Nerve
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What part of the ear collects sound waves?
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The outer ear or Pinna
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2 Liquids that give eyeballs their shape
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Aqueous Humour
Vitreuous Humour |
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Aqueous Humour is ____
Vitreous Humour is ____ |
Thin
Thick |
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True or Fals
20/20 vision is normal vision |
True
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Are things magnified under water?
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Yes, they appear larger.
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Is an image in water refracted?
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Yes
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What happens when you lens loses transperancy?
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Cataracts
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Condition in which a person cannot see different colors
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Color Blindness
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Smell and Taste are ____ senses.
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Chemical
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What happens at the Optic Disc?
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Blind Spot, no Retina, No light enters.
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When your eyes adjust to dark, it is called
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Accommodation
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Color Blindess is more frequent in
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Males
the female carries the gene and the males most of the time get it |
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Damage to the Optic nerve
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Glaucoma
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Menieres syndrome is
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Loss of equilibrium
mostly common in people of jewish decent. |
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A common name for the Endocrine system (all fluids and liquids) is ___?
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The Hormonal System
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What are the Endocrine Glands?
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Thyroid
Pancreas Pituitary Adrenal Parathyroid Thymus |
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Thyroid Gland
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-An endocrine gland
-located at base of neck -produces Thyroxine and Calcitonine Hormones. |
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Pancreas
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Produces Insulin and Digestive Enzymes
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Pituitary Gland
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-small oval gland attached to base of vertebrae brain.
-consists of anterior and posterior lobes. -secretions control other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism and maturation. |
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Adrenal Gland
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Each person has two adrenal glands, superior and posterior to the kidneys.
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Parathyroid Gland
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Regulates the Calcium in the Blood.
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Thymus Gland
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-establishes the immune system from the time of gestation until puberty.
-after puberty it shrinks. -pinky grey organ -large at birth, dies completley by 2nd decade of life. -It produces lymphocytes and assists in producing immunity. |
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What does the Thymus Gland produce?
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Hormone called Thymosin and is involved in stimulating the growth of T lymphocytes that regulate the immune system.
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What does the Thyroid Gland Produce?
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-Thyroid Hormones, thyroxin and treeodothyronine.
-Regulates the rate of metabolism and affects the growth rate of function. -Also produces Calcitonin, plays a role in calcium homeostasis. |
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What does the Pancreas produce?
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The Hormone Insulin and Glucagon. Controls the level of glucose in the blood.
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What are the 5 hormones that the Pituitary Gland produces?
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TSH-Thyroid stimulating hormone
FSH-Follicle stimulating hormone LH-Luteinizing Hormone GH-Growth Hormone ACTH-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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If the Pituitary Gland becomes defective, diseased or imbalanced, what are some of the consequences that can occur?
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Giantism and dwarfism can be caused by the pituitary gland that is not functioning properly
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The Pituitary Gland produces _____ hormones. It controls the functions of the _____glands such as _____gland and the _____glands. It tells them to produce _____ needed for normal bodily function.
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Growth
Thyroid Adrenal Hormones |
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What does the Adrenal Gland produce?
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4 major types of hormones
-Cortisol -Aldosterone -DHEA -Noradrenaline and Adrenaline |
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Cortisol
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important to maintain life and to protect against stress
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Aldosterone
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ensures that adequate sodium is held in the body by ensuring that the kidney does not leak out too much salt into the urine
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DHEA
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remains low until puberty when a rise in production is responsible for the development of pubic and axillary hair
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Noradrenaline and Adrenaline
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hormones are released especially in 'flight and fright' situations to prevent body collapse but are essential to maintain blood pressure on a daily basis.
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Adrenaline Rush is caused from what gland?
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Adrenal Gland
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What does the Parathyroid Gland produce?
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-Secretes the hormone parathormonse or parathyroid hormone (PTH).
-It’s function is to increase the concentration of Calcium in the blood. |
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Organ that produces steroid hormones and reproductive hormones?
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Adrenal Gland
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____ is given to women to induce labor and is found in the ____gland.
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Oxitocin
Pituitary Gland |
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Hormone that controls sugar
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Insulin
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Insulin is found in the___
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Pancreas
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Function of Calcitonin
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to absorb calcium
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Thyroid gland 18% normal, more than u need____
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Iodine
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What gland can you not survive without?
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Pituitary Gland
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Iodine defiancy?
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Goiters
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Females turn more masculine when.....?
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands get messed up
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Adrenal Glands are what to the kidneys?
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Superior and Posterior
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Not enough insulin?
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HYPO-glycemic
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Too much Insulin?
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HYPER-glycemic
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Hormone that turns on follicle in the ovary
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Luteinizing Hormone
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Ability to focus for close vision
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Accomodation
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What is light bending?
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Refraction
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What is Emmetropia?
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Normal Vision
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What is clouding of the lens, resulting in loss of sight?
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Cataract
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Area of retina that lacks photoreceptors
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Optic Disc
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