Anatomy Final Chapter 8A

Front 1

Unit of alternating light and dark striations between Z lines

Back 1

Sacromere

Front 2

Protein found within thick myofibrils

Back 2

Myosin

Front 3

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Back 3

sarcoplasm

Front 4

organelle in muscle according to the endoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 5

A small bundle of muscle fibers

Back 5

Fasicle

Front 6

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

Back 6

sarcolemma

Front 7

Protein found within thin myofibrils

Back 7

Actin

Front 8

More than half of the energy released by cellular respiration is

Back 8

lost as heat

Front 9

A substance that stores energy when stores of ATP are in low supply is

Back 9

creatine phosphate

Front 10

the attachment of a muscle to a relatively fixed part is called the ________; the attachment to a relatively moveable part is called the _______

Back 10

origin;insertion

Front 11

The period of time between a stimulus to a muscle and the muscle response is called

Back 11

latent period

Front 12

The disease caused by the lack of the protein dystrophin which holds skeletal muscle cells together is

Back 12

muscular dystrophy

Front 13

A pigment called _______ is made in muscle cells, imports the reddish-brown color to skeletal muscle, and is able to store oxygen temporarily in the muscle

Back 13

myoglobin

Front 14

smooth muscle contracts and relaxes __ skeletal muscle

Back 14

slower than

Front 15

The energy for muscle contracton is supplied by

Back 15

ATP

Front 16

A state of sustained, partial contraction of muscles necessary to maintain posture is referred to as

Back 16

muscle tone

Front 17

The minimum strength stimulus needed to cause a muscle fiber to contract is the

Back 17

threshold stimulus

Front 18

when a forceful sustained contraction lacks even partial relaxation, it is called a __ contraction

Back 18

tetanic

Front 19

A muscle responsible for most of a movement is called

Back 19

prime mover

Front 20

___ smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder

Back 20

visceral

Front 21

The neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract is

Back 21

acetocholine

Front 22

___ smooth muscle is found in the irises of the eyes and the walls of blood vessels

Back 22

multiunit

Front 23

the wavelike motion typical of smooth muscle tissue is called

Back 23

peristalsis

Front 24

muscles that resist the actions of the main muscle and cause movement in the opposite direction are called

Back 24

antagonist

Front 25

____ refers to the decrease in size and strength of a muscle.

Back 25

atrophy

Front 26

a painful condition in which skeletal muscles undergo sustained involuntary contraction

Back 26

cramp

Front 27

muscles that assist the main muscles for a movement

Back 27

synergists

Front 28

when a muscle pulls with so much force that the tendons of the muscle tear away from their attachments to the bone, a ___ results.

Back 28

muscle pull

Front 29

the 2 neurotransmitters that affect smooth muscle are ___- and ____

Back 29

noroepiniepherine and acetocholine

Front 30

if muscle fibers are overstretched, they can tear, resulting in a

Back 30

muscle strain

Front 31

_______ refers to a muscle that has increased in size and strength due to forceful exercise

Back 31

hypertrophy

Front 32

a broad flat sheet of connective tissue

Back 32

aponeurosis

Front 33

cordlike part that attaches a muscle to a bone

Back 33

tendon

Front 34

layer of connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle fiber

Back 34

endomysium

Front 35

network of connective tissue that extends throughout the muscular system

Back 35

fascia

Front 36

layer of connective tissue that seperates a muscle into small bundles called fasicles

Back 36

perimysium

Front 37

layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle

Back 37

epimysium