Anatomy Final Chapter 15

Front 1

This mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of the resulting nutrients by cells is called

Back 1

digestion

Front 2

the _______________ includes the mouth, pharync, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Back 2

alimentary canal
(digestive system)

Front 3

the ____________ include the salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Back 3

accessory organs

Front 4

the lips, cheeks, tongue and pallate surround the mouth, which includes a chamber between the palate and tongue called the ______ , as well as a narrow space between the teeth, cheeks, and lips called the

Back 4

oral cavity
vestibule

Front 5

the disgestive enzyme salivary ___________ splits starch and glycogen molecules into disaccharides

Back 5

amylase

Front 6

there are 3 parts to the pharynx or throat. The ____ which is the uppermost part provides a passageway for breathing. The _______ is posterior to the soft palateand inferior to the nasopharynx/ the ________ is inferior to the oropharynx and is a passageway to the esophagus.

Back 6

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Front 7

the _________ is a straight, collapsible tube that serves as a passageway from the pharynx to the stomach.

Back 7

esophagus

Front 8

the _________ is a j-shaped pouchlike organ that hangs inferior to the diaphragm which receives food from the esophagus, mixes food with gastric juice, initiates protein digestion, carries on limited absorption. and moves food into the small intestine

Back 8

stomach

Front 9

the ________ is closely associated with the small intestine, extends horizontally across the posterior abdominal wall, and secretes pancreatic juice.

Back 9

pancreas

Front 10

the _______ is in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity, just inferior to the diaphragm and carries on many important metabolic activities such as carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, storage of glycogen, iron, and fat solube vitamins, filtering toxins from the blood, and secreting bile.

Back 10

liver

Front 11

the ________ is a pear- shaped sac in a depression on the liver's inferior surface. it stores bile between meals reabsorbs water to concentrate bile and releases bile into the small intestine

Back 11

gall bladder

Front 12

the ________ is a tubular organ that extends from the pyloric sphincter to the beginning of the large intestines. It fills much of the abdominal cavity and recieves secretions from the pancreas and liver. It also completes digestion of the nutrients in chime, absorbs the products of digestion, and trasports residue to the large intestines.

Back 12

small intestine

Front 13

the small intestine has 3 parts. The first portion is the ___, the middle portion is the ____, and the last portion is the

Back 13

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Front 14

the large intestine has a larger diameter than the small intestine. It begins with the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, where the ileum joins the cecum. It functions to absorb ____ and ____ from chyme remaining in the alimentary canal, secretes ____ and forms and stores ___

Back 14

water
electrolytes
mucous
feces

Front 15

the study of nutrients and how the body uses them is called

Back 15

nutrition

Front 16

_____ are organic compounds and include the sugars and starches and provide energy for cellular processes.

Back 16

carbohydrates

Front 17

____ are organic compounds that provide stored energy and include fats, phospholipids and cholesterol.

Back 17

lipids

Front 18

the most common dietary lipids are the fats called

Back 18

triglycerides

Front 19

_____ are polymers of amino acids and have a wide variety of functions. They include ____ that control metabolic rates, clotting factors, _____ of skin and hair, elastin and hormons, and ______ that protect against infection.

Back 19

proteins
enzymes
keratin
antibodies

Front 20

Amino acids that the body can synthesize are called _____, those it cannot synthesize are called ______

Back 20

nonessential
essential

Front 21

__________ proteins have too little of the essential amino acids and are unable to maintain huan tissues or support normal growth and development

Back 21

vitamins

Front 22

fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body and include

Back 22

A,D,E,K

Front 23

water soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body and include

Back 23

B vitamins
Vitamin C

Front 24

A diet that provides sufficient energy, essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals to support optimal growth and to maintain and repair body tissues is called an __________ diet

Back 24

adequate