Anatomy Final

Front 1

What is the second great controlling system of the body?

Back 1

The endocrine system

Front 2

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Back 2

To coordinate and direct the activity of the body's cells

Front 3

Is the endocrine system fast acting or slow acting?

Back 3

Slow acting

Front 4

How does the endocrine system communicate with the body?

Back 4

Chemical messengers called hormones are released into the blood to be transported leisurely throughout the body

Front 5

What are the major processes the endocrine system controls?

Back 5

• Reproduction

• Growth and development

• Mobilization of body defenses

• Maintenance of much of homeostasis

• Regulation of metabolism

Front 6

Hormones

Back 6

Chemical substances

Secreted by endocrine cells into extracellular fluids

Regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body

Transported by the blood to target sites

Front 7

How are hormones classified?

Back 7

1) Amino acids (proteins, peptides, amines)

2) Steroids (made from cholesterol)

3) Prostaglandins (made from highly active lipids)

Front 8

Are amino acids water based or lipid based?

Back 8

Water based

Front 9

Are steroids water based or lipid based?

Back 9

Lipid based (lipid soluble)

Front 10

How does the hormone influence the workings of a cell?

Back 10

A given hormone affects only certain tissue cells or organs - target cells

For a target to respond to a hormone, specific protein receptors must be present on the cells plasma membrane or interior for the hormone to attach

Front 11

How does the hormone influence the workings of a cell?

Back 11

Hormones alter cellular activity

They increase or decrease the rate of a cells usual metabolic process (rather than by stimulating performance of a new one)

Front 12

What is the effect that follows hormone binding?

Back 12

Varies, but typically one or more of the following occurs:

• Changes in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state

• Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes

• Activation or inactivation of enzymes

• Stimulation of mitosis

• Promotion of secretory activity

Front 13

What are the two mechanisms in which hormones trigger changes in cells?

Back 13

1) Direct gene activation

2) Second messenger system

Front 14

What are the steps of direct gene activation?

Back 14

1) Steroids diffuse through plasma membranes of their target cells

2) Once inside, the steroid hormone enters the nucleus

3) It binds to a specific hormone receptor

4) The hormones