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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Posterior triangle
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-Boundaries - SCM, trapezius, clavicle
-Roof - platysma and investing fascia -Floor - levator scapulae, splenius capitis and scalenes -Contents - CN XI, cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus, EJV, transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries, posterior belly of omohyoid, brachial plexus -Divided by posterior belly of omohyoid into occipital and subclavian triangles |
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Anterior triangle
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Boundaries - SCM, neck midline, inferior border of mandible
Roof - platysma and investing fascia Divided by anterior belly of omohyoid and digastric into submandibular, submental, muscular and carotid triangles |
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Torticollis
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-Twisting of the neck
-Occurs due to injury to SCM or CN XI |
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Hyoid bone
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-Located at C3 level
-Has body, greater and lesser horns |
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Lesion of CN XI in neck
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-Denervates trapezius - drooping of the shoulder
-Denervates SCM - twisting of the neck |
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Cervical plexus
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-Ventral rami of C1-C4
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Cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus
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-LESSER OCCIPITAL - C2 - along posterior border of the SCM to scalp behind ear
-GREATER AURICULAR - C2-C3- ascends on SCM, innervates skin behind ear and parotid gland -TRANSVERSE CERVICAL - C2-C3 - turns around posterior border of SCM and innervates skin of anterior cervical triangle -SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVE - C3-C4 - under SCM - innervates skin over clavicle and shoulder |
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Cervical muscles
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-PLATYSMA - CN VII - depresses lower jaw and lip, wrinkles skin on neck
-SCM - CN XI - turns face toward opposite side, both - flexes head, raises thorax |
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Suprahyoid muscles
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-DIGASTRIC - anterior and posterior bellies both insert on intermediate tendon attached to body of hyoid, posterior belly - CN VII, anterior belly - nerve to mylohyoid (CN V) - elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
-MYLOHYOID - CN V - elevates hyoid and floor of the mouth, depresses mandible -STYLOHYOID - CN VII - elevates hyoid -GENIOHYOID - C1 via CN XII -elevates hyoid and floor of the mouth |
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Infrahyoid muscles
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-STERNOHYOID - ansa cervicalis - depress hyoid and larynx
-STERNOTHYROID - ansa cervicalis - depress thyroid and larynx -THYROHYOID - C1 via CN XII - dperesses and retracts hyoid and larynx -OMOHYOID - ansa cervicalis - depresses and retracts hyoid and larynx |
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Ansa cervicalis
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-NERVE LOOP made by superior and inferior roots, lies in anterior triangle, innervates infrahyoid muscles (EXCEPT thyrohyoid)
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Phrenic nerve
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-C3-C5
-descends on anterior scalene under SCM |
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Subclavian artery
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-Arises from brachiocephalic trunk on the right and directly from aortic arch on the left
-BRANCHES 1. VERTEBRAL - 1st part, in transverse foramena of C1-C6, through foramen magnum 2. THYROCERVICAL TRUNK - inferior thyroid, transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries 3. INTERNAL THORACIC 4. COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK - deep cervical + superior intercostal - 2nd part 5. DORSAL (DESCENDING) SCAPULAR |
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Internal carotid artery
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-NO BRANCHES IN NECK
-Located in carotid sheath together with IJV and CN X -Enters skull through carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone -Gives rise to ophtalmic artery |
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External carotid artery branches
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1. Superior thyroid
2. Ascending pharyngeal 3. Lingual 4. Facial 5. Occipital 6.Maxillary 7. Superficial temporal 8. Posterior auricular |
"Sally Ann Likes Flirting On Main Streets Of Philadelphia"
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Transverse facial artery is a branch of _
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Superficial temporal artery
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Retromandibular vein
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-Formed by SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL and MAXILLARY veins
-Anterior part jons facial vein to make common facial vein and posterior part joins POSTERIOR AURICULAR to make EJV |
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External jugular vien
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-Made by posterior part of retromandibular and posterior auricular veins
-Crosses SCM obliquely and drains into subclavian vein |
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Internal jugular vein
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-Begins as continuation of sigmoid sinus at jugular foramen and descends in carotid sheath to enter subclavian vein
-Receives superior and middle thyroid veins, facial vein and lingual vein |
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Central venous line
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-Inserted to subclavian or IJV
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Superficial cervical lymph nodes
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-Lie along EJV in posterior triangle and along AJV in anterior triangle
-Drain into deep cervical nodes |
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Deep cervical lymph nodes
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-Lie along IJV
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During thyroidectomy, most likely to be injured are _
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-Thyroid ima artery and inferior thyroid vein
-Also recurrent laryngeal nerve may be injured as well |
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CN X in neck
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-Runs through jugular foramen and gives SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE which is divided into INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVES
EXTERNAL - runs with superior thyroid artery,supplies cricothyroid and inferior constrictor INTERNAL - runs with superior laryngeal artery, supplies sensation to larynx above vocal cords and taste to epiglottis |
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Sympathetic chain in neck
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-Covered with prevertenral fascia
-Contains preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers, cell bodies for postganglionic sympathetic fibers -SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION - cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic fiebrs that pass to visceral structures of head and neck - gives rise to internal and external carotid nerves, contributes sympathetics to pharyngeal plexus -MIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION -INFERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION - becomes stellate ganglion |
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Superficial (investing layer) of deep cervical fascia
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-Splits to enclose SCM and trapezius
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Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
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-Encloses vertebral column and muscles
-Covers scalenes and deep muscles of the back |
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Danger space of the neck
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-Space between anterior and posterior layers of prevertebral fascia - extends from base of the skull to diaphragm providing route for infection
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Carotid sheath
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-Contains common and internal carotid arteries, IJV and CN X
-DOES NOT contain sympathetic trunk which lies posterior to it and is enclosed in prevertebral fascia, also attached to the base of skull |
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Pretracheal layer of fascia
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-Encloses larynx and trachea, encloses thyroid gland and contributes to carotid sheath
-Attaches superiorly to thyroid and cricoid cartilage and inferiorly to pericardium |
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Infection in pretracheal fascia can spread to _
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Superior mediastinum
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Pharyngobasilar fascia
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-Between mucous and pharyngeal constrictors
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Buccopharyngeal fascia
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-covers buccinator and pharynx
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Facial nerve
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-Comes from STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN and appears posterior to parotid gland
-BRANCHES - temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical -Innervates muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric |
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Trigeminal nerve
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Sensory to skin of face
V1 - ophtalmic - above upper eyelid and skin of the nose - supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, exernal nasal and lacrimal nerves V2 - maxillary - zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal and infraorbital nerves V3 - mandibular - below lower lip - auriculotemporal, buccal and mental nerves |
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Branches of facial artery
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ATS GSA
Ascending palatine Tonsillar Submental Glandular Superior and inferior labial Angular |
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Superficial temporal artery runs with what nerve
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Auriculotemporal
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Danger area of the face
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-Area of the face near nose drained by facial veins - skin infections can spread to cavernous sinus via ophtalmic veins, facial veins or pterygoid venous plexus
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