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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Functions of the skeletal system (6)
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1.support
2.protection 3.movement 4.mineral homeostasis 5.blood cell production (bone marrow) 6.fat storage |
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Osteoclast
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large cell that destroys bone's extracellular matrix
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# of bones in adult human body
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206 bones
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# of bones in adult vertebral column
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26 bones
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How are thoracic vertebrae unique?
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They have facets for ribs.
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Osteoblast
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bone-building cells (secretes some organic components & inorganic salts)
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Where is the cervical curve of the vertebral column?
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neck region
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Arthrology
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study of joints
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3 structural classifications of joints
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1.fibrous
2.cartilaginous 3.synovial |
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Amphiarthrosis
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slightly moveable joint
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Diarthrosis
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freely moveable joint
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Symphysis
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cartilaginous joint; ends of bones covered with hyaline cartilage (place where two bones are closely joined)
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6 types of synovial joints
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1.plantar
2.hinge 3.pivot 4.condyloid 5.saddle 6. ball & socket |
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What typles of movement occur at a hinge joint?
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flexion & extension (elbow)
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Ex.s of ball & socket joints
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shoulder & hip
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Hyperextension
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continuation of extension beyond anatomical position (look up at sky, reach back, pull leg back to kick)
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Adduction
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movement toward midline (end of a jumping jack)
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Rhematoid arthritis
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autoimmune disease (own cells attacking); attacks cartilage & joint linings
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Arthritis
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joints are swollen, stiff, painful
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Dislocation
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displacement of bone from joint; tearing of ligaments, tendons, & articular capsules.
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Most common form of arthritis
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osteoarthritis
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Functions of muscular system (4)
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1.movement
2.stabilizing body positions 3.storing/moving substances w/in body (digestive system) 4.producing heat |
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Myoglobin
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oxygen-binding, iron-containing protein w/reddish pigment (found in muscle tissue)
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Acetylcholine
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Ach-neurotransmitter present at neuromuscular junctions (tells which muscles to contract when)
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Sarcolemma
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cell membrane of muscle fiber
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Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum
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stores calcium
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Synaptic cleft
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narrow gap separating axon terminal of one muscle fiber from another
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Main energy source for muscle contraction
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ATP
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Function of a sphincter
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circular muscle that constricts opening (anus)
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Action performed by masseter
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devates mandible (closes mouth [as in chewing])
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Cell appearance of smooth muscle (intestines)
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1 nuclei per cell; not striated; involuntary
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Cell appearance of cardiac muscle (heart)
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1 nuclei per cell; striated; involuntary
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Cell appearance of skeletal muscle (legs, arms etc.)
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many nuclei per cell; striated; voluntary
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Accessory digestive organs (6)
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1.teeth
2.tongue 3.salivary glands 4.liver 5.gallbladder 6.pancreas |
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What molecule does salivary amylase break down?
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statrches in the mouth
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4 main regions of stomach
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1.cardia
2.fundus 3.body 4.pylorus |
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Functions of the liver (5)
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1.metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins
2.processes drugs/hormones 3.excretes bilirubin (orangey-yellow pigment [urine]) 4.storage of vitamins & minerals 5.activation of vitamin D |
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Where does most digestion and absorption occur?
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small intestine
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What can be absorbed by the large intestine? (3)
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1.water
2.ions 3.vitamins |
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Functions of the kidneys (3)
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1.regulation of blood volume & compostion
2.regulation of blood pressure & pH 3.excecretion of wastes |
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Nephron
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functional units of the kidneys
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Micturition
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act of urination
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In males, structure that expels semen & unine from body?
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urethra
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4 structures involved in production of semen (liquid portion)
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1.testes
2.bulbourethral glands 3.seminal vesicles 4.prostate |
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In what structure does fertilization usually occur?
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fallopian tubes
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5 hormones involved in menstral & ovarian cycles of the female
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1.estrogen
2.progesterone 3.LH 4.FSH 5.GnRH |
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Which hormones prepare the endometrium for implantation?
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estrogen and progesterone
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How long is the average menstral cycle?
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28 days
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What hormone indicates pregnancy in maternal blood/urine?
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hCG
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Menstration is caused by a decrease in which 2 hormones?
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estrogen and progesterone
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Sketeton
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http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/skeletons_skulls/default.html
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Muscles
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http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/muscular/default.html
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