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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the five areas of the thorax?
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inlet
outlet pleural cavities anterior thoratic wall (mammary gland & muscles) mediastinum |
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identify boundaries and content of the pleural cavity?
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lungs
inferior: diaphram superior: anterior: posterior: lateral: |
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identify the boundaries and content of the pericardium cavity?
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heart
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identify the boundaries and content of the mediastinum cavity?
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contents:
brachiocephalic vein superior vena cava vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve phrenic nerve heart and great vessels trachea and primary bronchi inferior vena cava |
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inlet of the thorax
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root of neck
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outlet of thorax
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diaphram
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the xiphoid process is the midline for what structure(s)?
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superior level of the liver
central tendon of the diaphram inferior border of heart |
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when numbering the ribs what is the first landmark to identify before you start counting?
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clavicle
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what prevents the first rib from being palpated?
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clavicle
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identify intrinsic muscles of the thoratic wall?
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external intercostals (superficial)
internal intercostals (middle) innermost intercostal (deep) subcostals transverse thoratic |
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external intercostals
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-superficial
-anteriorly, the muscle is replaced by external intercostal membrane -fibers angled forward -inspiration=raises ribs |
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internal intercostals
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-middle
-posteriorly, the muscle is replaced by internal intercostal membrane -fibers angled backwards -expiration=lowers ribs |
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where does the main thoratic lymphatic duct empty into the venous system?
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the union of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins called the left venous angle or the origin of the left brachiocephalic vein
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what is lymph fluid? give a general description of the right and left lymphatic drainage of the thorax both internal and external
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excess connective tissue fluid
(lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstital fluid enters the initial lymphatic vessels of the lymphatic system) |
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what is the sentinel lymph node?
what is the significance in breast cancer? why does a self-check breast exam include the axilla? |
sentinel lymph node is a cancer hot spot
a self check includes the axilla due to the axillary tail of the mammary gland. |
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the mammary gland is classified as what type of gland?
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modified sweat glands
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identify subdivisions of bronchial tree?
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left and right main bronchis
divides into lobar bronchi (2L 3R) divides into segmental bronchi divides into terminal bronchioles divides into respiratory bronchioles divides into alveolar sacs |
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define auscultation and how is it used clinically?
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assessing air flow through the tracheobronchial tree into the lung with a stethescope. it is used clinically to listen to patients lung air flow. if healthy there will be no sound
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where is the primary gas exchange in the lungs?
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alveolar sacs
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identify lobes of the right and left lung
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right lung:
superior lobe middle lobe inferior lobe left lung: superior lobe inferior lobe |
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what is the clinical significance of the apex of the lung?
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cupula
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what is the structure during embryonic development allows blood to bypass the lungs and what becomes this structure after birth?
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ductus arteriosum (fetal structure)
ligamentum arteriosum (adult structure) |
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what are the three structural layers of the heart?
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epicardium
myocardium endocardium |
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conduction system of the heart
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Sinoatrial node-stimulus originates in the SA node and travels across the walls of the atria causing them to contract
Atrioventricular Node- stimulus arrives at AV nodeand travels along AV bundle Stimulus descends to the apex of the heart through the bundle branches After stimulus reaches the Purjinkie fibers, ther ventricles contract |
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path of blood through the heart (14)
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1. coronary sinus
2. right atrium 3. tricuspid valve 4. right ventricle 5. pulmonary semilunar valve 6. pulmonary trunk 7. pulmonary arteries 8. lungs 9. right and left pulmonary veins 10. left atrium 11. bicuspid valve 12. left ventricle 13. aortic semilunar valve 14. aorta |
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coronary arteries
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left coronary artery
-circumflex artery -anterior interventricular right coronary artery -marginal branch -posterior interventricular coronary veins -great cardiac vein -middle cardiac vein -small cardiac vein coronary sinus (posterior heart) |
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what are structural differences between arteries and veins?
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arteries have thicker walls
veins have thinner walls and also contain valves |
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name the endocrine organs that are found in the thorax, in the abdomen, and pelivs?
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thymus (involution)
adrenals kidney (cortex, medulla) pancreas gonads (ovaries and testies) |
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stomach (gastrin) and duodenum (secretin) are considered what function due to special cells?
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endocrine function
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what embryonic structure became the ligamentum teres of the liver?
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left umbilical vein
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define portal system
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a system of vessels in which blood after passing through one capillary bed is conveyed through a second set of capillaries before it returns to the systemic circulation
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the bile stored in the gallbladder primarily imulsifies down what types of materials?
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carbs, fats, and or proteins
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what is the vessel trigone and what is its significance?
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significance is that it has different epithelial lining then the rest of the urinary bladder, and this is where urinary bladder cancer can originate
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which of the male reproductive glands makes the largest contribution to semen?
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seminal glands (vesicle)
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in a male this gland can obstruct the urethra?
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prostate
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pathway of fertilized ovum from ovary to implantation
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egg starts in ovary
fimbrea infantabulum ampulla**** ishamus body of uterus and implants onto wall |
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capillary beds connect... and ...?
capillaries connect the ... and ... sides of circulation. |
artereoles and venuoles
arterial and venous |
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Abdominal regions
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right hypochondriac
epigastric left hypochondriac right lumbar umbilical left lumbar right iliac hypogastric left iliac |
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structure/organ within right hypochondriac region?
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liver and large intestine
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structure/organ within left hypochondriac region?
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liver, stomach, and spleen
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structure/organ within epigastric region?
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gall bladder and liver
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structure/organ within right lumbar region?
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right kidney and large intestine
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structure/organ within left lumbar region?
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spleen, pancreas, large intestine, and stomach
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structure/organ within umbilical region?
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stomach, pancreas, small and large intestine
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structure/organ within right iliac region?
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appendix and large intestine
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structure/organ within left iliac region?
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large intestine
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structure/organ within hypogastric region?
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urinary bladder, prostate gland, ovary, rectum, and large intestine
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the bronchial arteries arise from?
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left arises from ascending thoratic aorta
right side arises from first aortic intercostal artery |
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what is the relationship of the heart ventricles to the sternum?
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the heart ventricles lie posteriorly to the sternum
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what is a thrombus/thrombi
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the final product of blood coagulation step in hemostasis
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what structure attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach?
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gall bladder
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identify subdivisions of the small intestine?
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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identify subdivisions of the large intestine?
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ascending, transverse, descending
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what is the clinical significance of the apex of the lung (capulla)?
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the apex sticks up above level of first rib into the root of the neck
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