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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the (12) layers of the abdominal wall, superficial to deep?
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Skin
Camper fascia Scarpa fascia superficial investing fascia external oblique intermediate investing fascia internal oblique deep investing fascia transverse abdominal muscle transversalis fascia extraperitoneal fat parietal peritoneum |
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What are the three flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
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external oblique
internal oblique transverse abdominal |
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What are the two vertical muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
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rectus abdominis and pyramidalis (both contained within the rectus sheath)
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What are the four primary blood vessels of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
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-superior epigastric vessels and branches of the musculophrenic vessels from the internal thoracic vessels
-inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac vessels from the external iliac vessels -superficial circumflex iliac and superficial epigastric vessels from the femoral artery and greater saphenous vein -posterior intercostal vessels of the 11th intercostal space and the anterior branches of subcostal vessels |
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What canal is formed in relation to the descent of the testis during fetal development?
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The inguinal canal.
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What is the posterior wall boundary of the deep ring of the inguinal canal?
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transversalis fascia
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What is the anterior wall boundary of the deep ring of the inguinal canal?
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internal oblique plus lateral crus of aponeurosis of external oblique
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What is the roof of the deep ring of the inguinal canal?
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transversalis fascia
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What is the floor of the deep ring of the inguinal canal?
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iliopubic tract
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What is the posterior wall of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal?
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inguinal falx (conjoint tendon) plus reflected inguinal ligament
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What is the anterior wall of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal?
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aponeurosis of external oblique (intercrural fibers) with fascia of external oblique continuing onto cord as external spermatic fascia
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What is the roof of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal?
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Medial crus of aponeurosis of external oblique
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What is the floor of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal?
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lacunar ligament
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What is the extent of the inguinal region?
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ASIS to pubic tubercle
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What is the inguinal region's dermatome?
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L1
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What are the covering layers of the spermatic cord?
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-Internal spermatic fascia
-Cremasteric fascia -External spermatic fascia |
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How much cooler than the rest of the body do testes need to be for spermatogenesis?
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One degree cooler than core temperature
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What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
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-ductus deferens
-testicular artery -artery of ductus deferens -cremasteric artery -pampiniform venous plexus -nerve fibers -genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve -lymphatic vessels -maybe vestige of processus vaginalis |
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What is the most common kind of inguinal hernia?
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indirect
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Is the indirect inguinal hernia congenital or acuired?
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congenital
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Is the direct inguinal hernia congenital or acquired?
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acquired
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Which type of inguinal hernia commonly enters the scrotum/labium majus?
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indirect/congenital
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Define peritoneum.
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continuous, transparent serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and investing the viscera.
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Define mesentery.
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double layer of peritoneum that occurs as a result of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ and constitutes a continuity of the visceral and parietal peritoneum.
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What are the ligaments connected to the liver?
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-falciform ligament (to anterior abdominal wall)
-hepatogastric ligament (to stomach) -hepatoduodenal ligament (to duodenum; contains the portal triad) |
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What are the contents of the portal triad?
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portal vein
hepatic artery bile duct |
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What are the borders of the omental foramen/epiploic foramen (of Winslow)?
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-Anteriorly: hepatoduodenal ligament containing portal triad (portal vein most closely associated with foramen)
-Posteriorly: IVC and right crus of diaphragm -Superiorly: the liver -Inferiorly: superior part of duodenum |
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What is the "Z-line"?
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The esophagogastric junction
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What is the terminal branch of the vagus nerve?
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the hepatic branch
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Where does the superior part of the fundus of the stomach reach?
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usually to the level of the left 5th intercostal space
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What are the layers of the small intestine, inside-out?
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-mucosa
-muscularis mucosae (internal = circular, outer = longitudinal) -Submucosa + Meissner plexus -Muscularis externa + Myenteric/Auerbach plexus -subserosa -serosa (visceral peritoneum) |
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Which is first in the digestive tract; the ilium or jejunum?
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jejunum
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Where are Peyer patches located?
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in the ileum
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What are the relations of the spleen?
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Anteriorly, the stomach
Posteriorly, the left part of the diaphragm Inferiorly, the left colic flexure Medially, the left kidney |
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What are the dimensions of the spleen?
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1" thick
3" wide 5" long 7oz in weight |
Odd numbers
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What is the fibrous capsule of the spleen composed of?
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dense, irregular, fibroelastic connective tissue
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What protects the spleen?
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Ribs 9-11 or 12
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What is the exocrine production of the pancreas?
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pancreatic juice from acinar cells
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What is the endocrine production of the pancreas?
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glucagon and insulin from the islets of Langerhans
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Which part of the pancreas lies posterior to the superior mesenteric artery?
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the uncinate process
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Where would fluid flow in a patient lying on his back?
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into the hepatorenal recess or the rectovesical pouch (rectouterine pouch in females)
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What segment of the liver separates the inferior vena cava and the bile duct?
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segment I; the caudate lobe
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What divides the left and right parts of the liver?
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the Falciform ligament in front and the gallbladder in back
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What is a cause of caput medusae?
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portal hypertension
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Where does the aorta bifurcate?
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L4
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At what vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery begin?
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L3
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At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery begin?
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L1
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What vertebral layers do the kidneys span?
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T12-L3
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How long are the ureters?
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25-30cm long
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Which kidney sits higher up?
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The left kidney.
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What is the shape of the suprarenal glands?
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The left is semilunar, the right is triangular/pyramidal
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What does the smpathetic part of the autonomic innervation of the abdominal viscera consist of?
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-abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves from the thoracic and abdominal sympathetic trunks
-prevertebral sympathetic ganglia -abdominal aortic plexus and extensions, the periarterial plexuses |
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What is the origin of the Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve?
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T5-T9 or T10
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What is the origin of the lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve?
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T10-T11
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What is the origin of the least thoracic splanchnic nerve?
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T12
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What level is the esophageal hiatus?
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T10
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What level is the aortic hiatus?
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T12
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What level is the caval opening in the diaphragm?
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T8
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Why is the right dome of the diaphragm higher than the left?
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because of the underlying liver
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How far up does the right dome of the diaphragm rise?
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Nearly to the nipple.
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What are the three muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
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-Psoas major
-Iliacus -Quadratus lumborum |
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What is the chyle cistern?
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the origin of the thoracic duct
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