Anatomy Fall 09

Front 1

The Medial Wall is comprised of the

Back 1

Frontal process of the MAXILLA
LACRIMAL bone
Orbital plate of the ETHMOID
SPHENOID

Front 2

Lateral Wall of the orbit:

Back 2

ZYGOMATIC BONE
Great wing of the SPHENOID and the thickets part of the orbit

Front 3

Periorbita and Orbital Septum function:

Back 3

to isolate the two orbits and retard spread of disease from one eye to other.

Front 4

4 nerves that penetrate the eyelid

Back 4

infratrochlear nerve, supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve, palpebral branch of lacrimal nerve.

Front 5

Lamina Cribrosa

Back 5

is the portion of the sclera through which pass the fibers of the optic nerve and opthalmic artery and vein

Front 6

Common Tendinous Ring (Anulus of Zinn) Foramens inside

Back 6

Optic nerve and canal, part of superior orbital fissure. Attaches to the spine of the lateral rectus muscle and greater wings of the sphenoid.

Front 7

Common Tendinous Ring (Anulus of Zinn) What runs through

Back 7

Oculomotor nerves: Abduct Nerves - enter orbit through superior orbital fissure
Opthalmic Nerve: Nasociliary nerve
Opthalmic artery & optic nerve - enters through optic foramen

Front 8

Enter above the Anulus

Back 8

Opthalmic nerve - Lacrimal and Frontal, Trochlear

Front 9

Enter below the Anulus

Back 9

Maxillary nerve - through the inferior orbital fissure.

Front 10

Attachments to orbital tubercle

Back 10

1) Lateral check ligament 2) Suspensory Ligament 3) lateral palpebral ligament 4) Cornu of Levator Palpebral muscle

Front 11

Extraocular muscles

Back 11

7 voluntary, 6 attached to and move with the eyeball.
Each muscle surrounded by epimycium.
Epimycium thickens around eyeball

Front 12

Bulbar Sheath

Back 12

Pseudo- socket
Movement in eye minimum
stability

Front 13

Orbital Muscle of Muller

Back 13

rudimentary muscle (nonstraited) crossing the infraorbital groove and fissure and initially united with the periosteum of the orbit

Front 14

Optic Nerve Sheath

Back 14

Extension of Dura, arachnoid and pia that goes all the way up to posterior surface of eye.

Front 15

Fascial Sheath (Tenon's capsule)

Back 15

delicate fascia that surrounds the eyeball. Firmly attaches to sclera just posterior to limbus. Forms a socket-like structure. NOT continuous with optic sheath, but continuation of muscular fascia.

Eye moves slightly in capsule, then the capsule and the eye move together.

NOT ball and socket

Front 16

Orbit Lining

Back 16

lined with periosteum that is loosely adherent to the underlying orbital bones

Front 17

Periorbita joines where?

Back 17

the margins of the optic canal and superior orbital issues, it is fused to the dura

Front 18

How does the periorbita produce connective tissue septa?

Back 18

it forms a complex web of interconnecting slings

Front 19

What does this fascia sling provide?

Back 19

support and maintains relationships between these structures during ocular movments

Front 20

In the orbit why does the optic nerve slack?

Back 20

to allow for movement of the globe. It is enclosed by meningeal sheaths which are continuous with those of the cranial cavity.

Front 21

Which Epimysium fuse?

Back 21

Superior rectus and levator

Inferior rectus and inferior obliques

Front 22

What is the suspensory ligament (of lockwood)

Back 22

is a condensation of the inferior oblique and inferior rectus musclar fascia. Is also attached to the orbital tubercle and the posterior palpebral crest

Front 23

What are the infratemporal fossa boundaries?

Back 23

Superior boundary is the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the squamous portion of the temp.

Medial: Lateral plate of the pterygoid plate

Front 24

What is in the infratemporal fossa?

Back 24

Masticatory (chewing muscles), maxillary artery, pterygoid plexus of veins, mandibular nerve

Front 25

4 major muscles of the Jaw

Back 25

3 elevate, 1 depressor
Elevate - masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
depressor - lateral pterygoid

Front 26

Mandibular nerve branches

Back 26

Recurrent meningeal branch, small anterior division, buccal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, mylohyoid nerve, aucriculotemp nerve

Front 27

Pterygopalatine Fossa

Back 27

redistribution center for numerous neurovascular structurs

Eight major pathways allow it to communicate with its surrounding regions

Front 28

Pterygopalatine Fossa communicates with :

Back 28

middle cranial fossa, nasopharnyx, nasal cavity, hard and soft plate, orbit, infaorbital region.

Front 29

Ptergopalatine Fossa is surrounded by which bones

Back 29

bounded by sphenoid bone, maxilla, palatine

Front 30

Posterior wall of the pterygopalantine fossa

Back 30

formed by the sphenoid bones and a small portion of the greater wing.

Front 31

How do nerves, veins etc run into the pterygopalantine fossa

Back 31

foramen rotundum leads from the middle cranial fossa into the superlateral aspect of pterygopalantine fossa

Front 32

Pterygoid canal

Back 32

starts in the anterior wall of the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa and passes through the floor of the sphenoidal air sinus into the pterygopalantine fossa

Front 33

Medial wall of the pterygopalantine fossa

Back 33

palatine bone - L shapped

Front 34

L long arm of palatine bone

Back 34

is the perpendicular plate that separates the pterygopalantine fossa form the nasal cavity.

Front 35

Sphenopalatine notch turns into?

Back 35

sphenopalatine foramen when the palatine bone articulates with body of the sphenoid bone. It allows the fossa to communicate with the posterior aspect of the nasal cavity

Front 36

Anterior wall of pterygopalantine fossa

Back 36

posterior surface of the maxialla

Front 37

Lateral wall of pterygopalantine fossa

Back 37

pterygomaxillary fissure. Located between maxilla and lateral plate of pteryoid process.

Front 38

What runs in the pterygopalantine fossa

Back 38

maxillary nerve, branches of CN VIII, sympathetic fibers, and 3rd potion or maxillary artery and vein

Front 39

Maxillary Nerve, what runs through it where is it?

Back 39

GSA FIBERS, runs through the foramen rotundum into the superolateral aspect of the pterygopalantine fossa. It divides into lateral and medial branches.

Front 40

Infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve is the largest and it passes?

Back 40

through the inferior orbital fissure onto the orbit.

Front 41

What does the infraorbital branch supply?

Back 41

supplies branches to the periorbita and passes through the infraorbital groove into the infraorbital canal and foramen.

Front 42

Pathway of infraorbital nerve?

Back 42

Through inferior orbital fissue onto orbital floor along infraorbital groove into infraorbital canal through infraorbital foramen onto the face

Front 43

Zygomatic nerve enters the orbit through?

Back 43

Inferior orbital fissue

Front 44

Zygomatic nerve divides into

Back 44

zygomaticfacial

zygomatictemporal

Front 45

Buccal Nerve

Back 45

carries cutaneous sensations from the cheek

Front 46

Cavernous Sinus is located?

Back 46

lateral wall of sella tursica. It connects at right and left communicates anterior and posterior and inferior sinus.

Front 47

Oculomotor nerve has which kind of fibers?

Back 47

GSE and GVA and enters cavernous sinus, passes through superior orbital fissure into the annulus.

Front 48

Trochlear nerve - what does it supply?
Where does it enter the orbit?

Back 48

GSE fibers- supplies the superior oblique muscle
Enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure ABOVE the anulus.

Front 49

Lacrimal nerve enters the orbit how?

Back 49

through the superior orbital fissure

Front 50

Lacrimal branch communicates with?

Back 50

zygomatic temporal branch (max nerve)

Front 51

Where to postganglionic parasympathetics from the pterygopalantine ganglion to the lacrimal gland communicate?

Back 51

first with the zygomatic nerve and then with zygomatic temperol nerve, before forming the independent communicating nerve that joins the lacrimal nerve.

Front 52

Lacrimal branch of opthalmic nerve contains?

Back 52

GSA fibers for cutaneous sensation from lateral part of upper eyelid until it is joined by communicating branch

Front 53

Nasociliary branch enters orbit through?

Back 53

superior orbital fissure and through the anulus.

Front 54

Extraocular Muscles how many? What kind of fibers?

Back 54

7 voluntary muscles. Smooth muscle fibers that cross inferior orbital fissure and eyelids

Front 55

6 skeletal muscles

Back 55

Each muscle has a fascial sheeth that contributes to the bulbar fascia. Each muscle inserts into the sclera

Front 56

Four rectus muscles arise from?

Back 56

the annlus of zinn

Front 57

Annulus of zinn is anchored where?

Back 57

to the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Front 58

Levatator palpebral superius muscle arises from?

Back 58

the inferior surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Front 59

Levatator palpebral superius has insertions where?

Back 59

1) Tarsal plate, 2) smooth muscle of superior tarsal (muller's muscle) 3) superior conjunctive fornix - elevate upper lid 4) anterior and posteror crest and orbital tubercle of whitnel

Front 60

What are the seven bones that form the orbit

Back 60

frontal, zygomatic, sphenoid, palatine, ethmoid, lacrimal and maxilla

Front 61

What does the floor separate the orbit from?

Back 61

Maxillary sinus, One of the thinnest of the orbital walls and is prone to blow out fractures produced by a rapid elevation in pressures caused by a blow to the anterior orbit

Front 62

Superior orbital fissure communicates with? and transmits what?

Back 62

Middle cranial fossa

CN III, V, V.1, VI, superior opthalmic vein

Front 63

What movements do the lateral rectus muscle do?

Back 63

abduction

Front 64

What movements do the medial rectus do

Back 64

Adduction

Front 65

What movements do the inferior rectus do?

Back 65

Extorsion, Adduction and primarily Depression.

Adbucted eye depression only

Front 66

What movement does the superior rectus do?

Back 66

Primarily elevation, intortion, adduction and abduction eye elevation only.

Front 67

What movement does the inferior oblique do?

Back 67

Primarily extortion, elevation, abduction.

Adduction eye elevation only

Front 68

What movement does the superior oblique do?

Back 68

Primarily intorsion, depression, abduction

Adducted eye, depression only.

Front 69

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

Back 69

Oculomotor nerve (CN III), Trochlear nerve (CN IV), Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducent nerve (CN VI),

postganglionic sympathetics
superior opthalmic vein
recurrent branch of lacrimal artery that anastomoses with opthalmic branch of middle meningeal artery.

Front 70

What goes through foramen rotundum

Back 70

Maxillary Nerve (CN V2)

Front 71

What goes through foramen spinosum

Back 71

Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)

Front 72

Where does the internal carotid artery run?

Back 72

passes through the carotid canal and over the foramen lacerum.

Front 73

What supplies the scalp

Back 73

The opthalmic artery arises from the internal carotid artery and its supraorbital and supratrochlear branches help supply the scalp.

Front 74

Maxillary Nerve Branches?

Back 74

Infraorbital nerve, zygomaticofacial nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve

Front 75

The oculomotor nerve (CN III) supplies which muscles?

Back 75

levator palpebrae superioris (acts on upper eyelid)
Superior, medial, and inferior rectus and inferior oblique.

Front 76

Trochlear nerve contains?

Back 76

somatic efferent fibers

Front 77

Damage to trochlear nerve

Back 77

the affected nerve is higher and deviated medially

Front 78

Which two nerves in the eye cross?

Back 78

The trochlear and oculomotor

Front 79

Pathway of preganglionic paraysympathetic axons to lacrimal gland

Back 79

Exit brainstem in the facial nerve and branch from it in the greater petrosal nerve, mingle with postganglionic sympathetic axons (from superficial cervical ganglion) in the nerve of pterygoid cancal. This nerve enters pterygopalatine ganglion where preganglionic parasym synapse, Sympathetic axions pass through uninterrupted to innervate local blood vessels. Fibers from the ganglion enter the maxillary division and travel to innervate the lacrimal gland.

Front 80

The pterygopalatine ganglion supplies?

Back 80

lacrimal gland, nasal gland, nasal palatine, pharnygeal mucosa.

Front 81

What innervates the lateral rectus?

Back 81

Abducent nerve CN VI

Front 82

What innervates the superior oblique

Back 82

Trochlear nerve CN IV

Front 83

What type of function does the greater petrosal nerve has?

Back 83

preganglionic parasympathetic, general visceral afferent, special visceral afferent fibers.

Front 84

Sympathetic fibers in the cavernous sinus are referred to as?

Back 84

cavernous plexus