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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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FASCIAL SPACES
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FASCIAL SPACES
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FASCIAL SPACES
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Define Fascia
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A sheet of Fibrous Tissue that closes off the body beneath the skin
-encloses the musces and seperates their layers and groups |
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2 divisions of the fascia
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Superfical
Deep |
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Division of the FASCIA found immediately deep to the DERMIS
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Superfical Fascia
aka: Subcutaneous Tissue |
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Functions of the Superfical Fascia
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Storage
Conduction Protective Cushion Thermal Insulation |
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The Superficial Fascia contains the ___ and the ____.
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Platysma
Cutaneous Branches of the Cervical Plexus |
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What is the Deep Fascia
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Forms a CT covering/sheath for structures(muscles, vessels, and nerves)
-Deep to the Superficial Fascia |
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What are the 5 Layers of the Deep Fascia
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Investing
Pretracheal Prevetebral Alar Carotid |
"I CAPP"
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Name the Fascia:
-Cylinder Shape around the neck -Covers the Ant. and Posterior Triangles of the Neck -Encolses the Trapezius M -Surronds the Muscles that that border the Triangles |
Investing
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Name the Fascia:
-Surrounds the Thyroid Gland, Larynx, Trachea, Pharynx, and Esphogus -Covers the infrahyoid muscles |
Pretracheal
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Name this Fascia:
-Surrounds the scalens, deep muscles of the back, nerves of the brachial plexus and the vetebral column |
Prevetebral
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How are you going to remember what is in the Investing Fascia?
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"Try Investing in Apples and Peaches"
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How are you going to remember the components in the Prevetebral Fascia
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"PreView Salads, Vegtables, Bread and Donuts"
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How are you going to remember the components of the Pretracheal Fasicia
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Trachea
Esphogus Thyroid Gland Pharynx and Larynx |
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What is the Alar Fascia
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Continuous w/ the Prevetebral Fascia
-Divides Prevertebral from Pretracheal It is from the TRANSVERSE Process of the Vertebra to the Base of the Skull |
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Name the components of the Carotid Sheath?
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Common Carotid
Int and Ext Carotid ARTERIES Int Jugular VEIN Vagus NERVE Sympathetic Fibers |
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Spaces between the Fascial Layers is called what?
Name the 4 Fascial Spaces |
Fascial Spaces
-Pretracheal -Retropharyngeal -Parapharyngeal -Prevetebral(Danger Space) |
3 P and an R
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Buccopharyngeal turns into ___ space.
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Pretracheal
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What is the pretracheal space between
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Trachea and the Esphogas
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What is the pretracheals superior and inferor borders
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Superiorly it is delimited by the infrahyoid to the thyroid cartlages and the hyoid bone
Inferiorly it goes into the Thoracic Cavity |
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Retropharyngeal Space
-Superior Border -Anterior Borders -Posterior Border -Inferior Border |
Superior Border: Skull
Anterior Border:Superior Constricter and Buccopharyngeal Fascia Posterior Border: Alar Fascia Inferior Border: Mediastinum |
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What is the Lateral and Medial Border of the Retropharyngeal Fascia?
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Lateral: Fascia that extends POSTERIORLY from the Caroid Sheath
*Can be continuous w/ the Lateral Pharyngeal Space Medial-Pharyngeal Fascia Medial |
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What is often found in this space?
What does this have to do w/ Infection? |
Lymph Nodes
Infections can spread to the Mediastinum |
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What is AKA the Lateral Pharyngeal Space
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Parapharyngeal Space
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What is the Superior Border of the Lateral Pharyngeal Space?
-Inferior Border |
Superior Border: Skull
Inferior Border: Hyoid Bone |
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Whatis the Medial and Lateral Border of the Lateral Phayngeal Space?
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Medial:Superior Constricter and Buccopharyngeal Fascia
Medial Pterygoid Muscle (head) and SCM (neck) |
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What is the Anterior and Posterior Borders of the Lateral Pharyngeal Space?
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Anterior: Superior Constrictor and Buccopharyngeal
Posterior: Alar Fascia and Carotid Sheath |
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What is the Anterior and Posterior borders of the Prevetebral Fascia?
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Anterior: Alar Fascia
Posteror: Prevetebral Fas cia |
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Head Fascial Spaces
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Head Fascial Spaces
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Head Fascial Spaces
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Facial Vestibule of the Mandible
-Anterior and Posterior Borders |
Ant: Oral Mucosa
Post:Mandible |
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Facial Vestibule of the Mandible
-Superior and Inferior Borders |
Sup:Infratemporal Area
Inf:Mandible |
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Facial Vestibule of the Mandible
-Medial and Lateral Borders |
Medial: Oral Mucosa
Lateral:Buccinator |
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Where do infections spread in the Facial Vestibule of the Mandible space
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From Vestibule to Buccal Space
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What is CN V
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Trigeminal
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What do the Trigeminal Nerve fibers innervate the face for
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Touch,Pain, Temp, and Proprioception
Motor for the Muscles of Mastication |
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What are the 3 Main Divisons of the Trigeminal Nerve
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Opthalmic (Forehead/Eyes)
Maxillary Mandibular |
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CNV emerges from the brain stem as a large ___ root and small ___ root.
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GSA (Mainly Sensory)
SVE (Goes to Muscles of Mastication) |
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Where are the cell bodies of the GSA and SVE located?
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GSA: Trigeminal Ganglion
SVE:Motor Nucleus of CNV |
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Where does CN V emerge from in the brainstem
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Out of the Ventral Lateral Aspect of the Pons
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GSA and SVE are called ___.
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Resident fibers
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SVE fibers are ___ in orgin.
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Branchial/Pharyngeal Arch Orgin
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The aquired components of CN V are __ and __.
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SA (Taste)
GVE (Parasympathetic/Sympathetic Glands, Sphicter// Dilator of Pupil) |
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Why are aquired components called aquired?
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Is carried from another nerve, and aquires these fibers along its path
Not emerging from brainstem w/ Trigeminal V innervates the Oral Cavity VII innervates the Muscles of Fascial Expression |
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After the CN V leaves the brain stem it goes anteriorly to the Cranial Cavity.
What emerges from the Trigeminal Gangilion (GSA) What travels through the Cavernous Sinus |
V1- Opthalamic
V2-Maxillary V3-Mandibular V1 and V2 travel through the Cavernous Sinous (emerging out of cranial cavity) |
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What Foramen do the branches of CN V go through
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V1-Superior Orbital Fissure
V2-Foramen Rotundum V3-Foramen Ovale |
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Sensory Ganglion
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Trigeminal Ganglion
-Pseudounipolar Neurons -Cell bodies of GSA |
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Parasympathetic Ganglion Associated w/ CN V contain ___.
How many exsist? What do they all have in common? |
Postganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons
4; All receive PREGANGLIONIC Fibers forn another CN |
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Name the 4 Postganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons Associated w/ CN V
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Ciliary (V1)
Pterygopalatine (V2) Submandibular (V3) Otic Ganglion(V3) |
OHHH! CPS!
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Which of the Postganglionic Parasympathetic Ganglions recieves Preganglionic Fibers from CN III (Oculomotor)
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Ciliary Ganglion
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Which TWO of the Postganglionic Parasympathetic Ganglions recieves Preganglionic Fibers from CN VII (Facial)
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Pteryogopalatine Ganglion
Submandibular Ganglion |
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Which of the Postganglionic Parasympathetic fibers recieves Preganglionic Fibers from CN IX (Glossalpharyngeal)
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Otic Ganglion
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What is the smallest of the three divisions of CN V
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V1- Opthalamic
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Prior to entering the Orbit via the Superior Orbital Fissure,..What Branch and 3 nerves does V1 give off.
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Meningeal Branch
Frontal Nerve Lacrimal Nerve Nasociliary Nerve |
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The frontal nerve is ___. It enters the ___ aspect of the orbit via the Superior Orbital Fissure.
Within the orbit, the Frontal nerve branches into what two nerves |
GSA
Superior Supratrochlear Nerves and Supraorbital Nerves |
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The Supratrochlear Nerves provides GSA from what 2 things
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Skin and Conjuctiva of the Superior Medial Eyelid
Skin of the Anteromedial Forhead |
Conjunctiva
Forhead |
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The Supraorbital Nerve provides GSA from what 3 things
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Mucosa of the Fronal Sinus
Skin and Conjunctiva of the Superior Medial Eyelid Skin of the Anterolateral Forhead |
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What does the Supraorbital innervate that they Suprtrochlear does not?
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Frontal Sinus
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What type of nerve is the Lacrimal Nerve
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GSA and GVE
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The Lacrimal Nerve enters the ___ aspect of the Orbit via the Superior Orbital Fissure.It travels ___ w/ in the orbit
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Superior
Superiolaterally |
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The GSA fibers in the Lacrimal Nerve are from 3 things?
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Lacrimal Gland
Conjuctiva Lateral part of the Superior Eyelid |
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The GVE fibers in the Lacrimal Nerve are to what things?
The Lacrimal Gland recieves these GVE fibers from what CN |
Lacrimal Gland
CN VII via a communicating branch of V2=Zygomaticotemporal Nerve |
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Nasociliary Nerve enters the orbit via the Superior Orbital Fissure.This nerve travels deep to what
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Frontal Nerve
Lacrimal Nerve Levator Palpebrae Superioris Superior Rectus (Frontal and Lacrimal Nerves run ontop of the two muscles) |
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The Nasociliary Nerve has many branches:
The first branch, is called the Sensory Root which has ___ fiber. These fibers go through the ____ where they DON'T synapse and then form the ____. These nerves carry informaion regarding what 3 structures |
GSA fibers
Ciliary Gangilion SHORT Ciliary Nerves Iris, Cornea, Ciliary Body |
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The 2nd branch of the Nasociliary Nerve is a PRE GANGLIONIC Parasymphathetic Root carrying ___ fibers. These fibers go through ____ to form the _____.
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GVE
Ciliary Ganglion SHORT Ciliary Nerves |
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The PREGANGLIONIC Parasympathetic Fibers (GVE) of the Nasociliary Nerve orginate from where and travel w/ what?
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Edwinger Westphal Nucleus
CN III (Oculomotor) |
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Do the GVE fibers of the Nasociliary Nerve synapse in the Ciliary Ganglion
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YES
They synapse w/ POST Ganglionic Parasympathetic Fibers w/ in the Ciliary Ganglion and Leave via the Short Ciliary Nerve |
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What do the GVE fibers of the Nasociliary Nerve provide innervation to?
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Sphicter of Pupil
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Take Home Points about the GVE fibers of the Nasociliary Nerve
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Orginate in the EW Nucleus
Travel w/ CN III Synapse in the Cilary Ganglion Leave via the Short Ciliary Nerves Innervate Sphicter of Pupil |
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The 3rd Branch of the Nasociliary Nerve is called the LONG Ciliary Nerves (2-3), They carry what type of fibers?
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GSA and GVE
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Do the Long Ciliary Nerve go through the Ciliary Ganglion?
-How do they Travel? |
NO!
They travel ANTERIORLY w/in the orbit and pierce the SCLERA of the eyeball |
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The Long Ciliary Nerves innervae what?
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GSA fibers to the Iris, Cornea, and Ciliary Body
(like short ciliary nerves) |
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The 4th Branch of the Nasociliary Nerve is the Posterior Ethmoid Nerve, it carries ___fibers. It exits the orbit via the ___ and does what?
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GSA fibers
Posterior Ethmoid Foramen GSA to the Sphenoidal Sinuses and the Posterior Ethmoid Sinuses |
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The 5th Branch of the Nasociliary Nerve is called what?
What fibers does it carry How does this nerve travel? |
Anterior Ethmoid Nerve
GSA Exits orbit via Ant. Ethmoid Foramen -1/2 of the fibers go to the Ant and Middle Ethmoid Sinuses -1/2 of the fibers go into the Anterior Cranial Fossa and then trave to the NASAL CAVITY via the Cribiform Plate. Once in the Nasal Cavity they branch into Int and Ext Nasal Nerves |
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What does the Internal Branch of the Anterior Ethmoidal Nerve innervate
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Nasal Mucosa (GSA)
Anterior Superior(medial/lateral) |
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What does the External Branch of the Anterior Ethmoidal Nerve Innervate?
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External Surface Dorsum of the Nose(GSA)
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The 6th and final branch of the Nasociliary Nerve is called what?
-Arises where? -Travels where? -How does it exit the orbit? -What type of fibers does it carry and what does it innervate? |
Infratemporal Nerve (GSA)
-arises @ the Anterior Ethmoidal Foramen Travels along the MEDIAL wall of the ORBIT Pierces the Orbital Septum to provide GSA information from the root of the nose(superior near the eye) and Superior Medial Eyelid |
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Where do Sympathetic fibers in the head arise from?
How do they travel |
Superior Cervical Ganglion
-POST GANGLIONIC FIBERS! NO Sympathetic Ganglia are in the head Travel as a Plexus of Nerves around the INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY Widely distrubted to Sm Muscles and Glands via CN's |
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Summary: What are the GVE fibers of the Opthalmic (V1) of Trigeminal
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Lacrimal via CN VII (communicating branch of V2 Zygomaticotemporal)>> V1
Nasociliary -EW via CN III>>> Short Ciliary -Long Ciliary Sympathetic Fibers Everything else is GSA! |
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The maxillary nerve arises from the ___ ganglion and travels anteriorly to pass along the ____ wall of the Cavernous Sinus
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Trigeminal
Lateral Wall |
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When the Maxillary Division passes through the Cavernous Sinus is it Superior or Inferior to Opthalmic (V1) Nerve?
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Inferior
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W/in the Cranial Cavity the Maxillary Nerve givea off a ___ that carries GSA information to the ____ of the Middle Cranial Fossa
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Meningeal Branch
Meninges |
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V2 exits the cranium via this foramen?
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Foramen Rotundum
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Once V2 exits the Cranial Cavity via the Forament Rotundum it enters this fossa.
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Pterygopalatine Fossa
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After entering the Pterygopalatine Fossa V2 branches into what 5 things?
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Zygomatic Nerve
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Infraorbital Nerve 2 Communicating Branches w/ the Pterygopalatine Ganglion |
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The zygomatic nerve carries what type of fibers?
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GSA and GVE
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When does the Maxillary Nerve branch into the Zygomatic Nerve?
-What happens next? -How does it travel? -What does it divide into? |
When it gets to the Ptyergopalatine Fossa
Enters the orbit via the INFERIOR Orbital Fissure Travels on the Lateral Orbital Wall Divides into the Zygomaticotemporal and the Zygomaticofacial |
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The Zygomaticofacial carries ___ fibers and travels along the _____. It will traverse the ____ foramen in the ____ and emerges on the FACE through the _____ muscle.
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GSA fiber
Travels along the INFERIOLateral Wall of the Orbital Zygomaticofacial forman in the Zygomatic Bone Obicularis Oculi Muscle |
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What Structures is the Zygomaticofacial Nerve carrying information from?
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Skin over the Zygomatic Arch
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The Zygomaticotemporal Nerve is carrying what type of fibers?
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GSA and GVE
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In regards to V1 what does the Zygomaticotemporal Nerve do?
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Sends GVE fibers to the Lacrimal Nerve
-These are POST Ganglionic Parasympathetic fibers that will supply the Secretomotor Innervation to the Lacrimal Gland |
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Where do the cell bodies for the Post Ganglionic Parasympathetic Fibers reside in?
Where do the Preganglionic Fibers reside in ? -How do they travel |
Post are in the Pterygopalatine Ganglia
Pre are in the Superior Salvitory Nucleus and travel w/ CN VII to the Pterygopalatine Formen |
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The Zygomaticotemporal Nerve Transverses the ____ foramen in the ____ to enter the ____ to give GSA information to the skin of the _____.
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Zygomaticotemporal Foramen
Zygomatic Bone Temporal Fossa Temporal Area |
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The 2nd Branch of the Maxillary Nerve is the Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve. Like the Zygomatic Nerve it emerges @ the ___.
It then desends ____ w/in the fossa to do what? |
Pterygopalatine Fossa
Desends Anteriorly in the ptyergopalatine fossa to pierce the INFRAtemporal Surface of the Maxilla. Travel under the mucosa of the maxillary sinus before sending branches to the Oral Cavity |
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The GSA information of the Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve carries information from what structures?
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Maxillary Sinus
Molar Teeth Adjacent Gingival Tissue |
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The Infraorbital Nerve carries what type of fibers?
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GSA
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It is a continuation of the Maxillary Nerve as it enters the Inferior Orbital Fissure
-Name the Nerve |
Infraorbital Nerve
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After the Infraorbital Nerve passes through the Infraorbital Foramen what happens?
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Passes through Infraorbital groove and canal in the Orbital floor
Will emerge on the Anterior face via the Infraorbital Foramen |
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Along its course what two nerves does the Infraorbital Nerve give off?
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Middle Superior Alveolar
Anterior Superior Alveolar |
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Which nerve supplies GSA information regarding the Premolars and adjacent gingival tissue
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Middle Superior Alveolar
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Which nerve supplies GSA information for the Canines, and Incisior, Adjacent Gingival Tissue
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Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
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When the Infraorbital Nerve goes out onto the Anterior Face via the Infraorbital Foramen
What 3 branches does it terminate into and What structures do these branches innervate? |
ALL GSA
Palpebral:Skin of Lower Eyelid Nasal: Lateral Nose and Anterior Nasal Septum Superior Labial:Skin of the Cheek, Upper Lip, and Labial Mucosa |
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T or F. The 2 communicating branches of the Pterygopalatine Ganglion are suspended from V2
-What type of information are these communicating branches carrying |
True
Predominatly GSA Information to the Nasal and Oral Cavities |
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Can you name the branches of the Ptyergopalatine Ganglion (5)?
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ALL ARE GSA!
Nasal Palatine Nerve Medial and Lateral Posterior Superior Nasal Nerves Greater and Lesser Palatine Nerves Pharyngeal Nerve |
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Where do the GVE fibers of the Pterygopalatine Ganglion come into play?
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Leave the Pterygopalatine Ganglion and Travel w/ the Zygomaticotemporal Nerve>> Lacrimal Nerve>>> Lacrimal Gland
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The Pterygopalatine ganglion is a ____ ganglion so it recieves ______fibers.
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Parasympathetic Ganglion
Preganglionic Parasympathetic Fibers |
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Where do the Cell bodies of the Preganglionic Parasympathetic fiber reside?
-How do they get to the PP Ganglion |
Superior Salvatory Nucleus
-travel w/ CN VII |
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Prior to getting to the PP ganglion what meets the Preganglionic Parasympathetic Fibers in the Pterygoid Canal
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Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers (from the Superior Cervical Ganglion)
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The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves of the PP canal are called what collectively?
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Nerve of the Pterygoid Canal
-Greater Petrosal Nerve (Parasympathetic) -Deep Petrosal Nerve (Sympathetic) |
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The Nasopalatine Nerve carries what type of fibers?
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GSA, GVE, and SA
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What foramen is associated w/ the Nasopalatine Nerve?
-What has it entered into after passing through this foramen |
Sphenopalatine Foramen
Enters they Superior Nasal Cavity -Desend in the Vomer -Exit via the Incisive Canal in the Hard Palate |
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GSA information of the Nasopalatine Nerve is from what structures?
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Post. Inferior Medial wall (Septum) of the Nasal Cavity
Anterior Hard Palate |
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GVE fibers of the Nasopalatine Nerves is from what structures?
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Nasal and Palatine Glands
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SA fibers of the Nasopalatine Nerves innervate what structures?
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Taste to the Anterior Hard Palate
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The Lateral Posterior Superior Nasal Nerves carries what type of fibers
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GSA and GVE
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What formamen is associated w/ the Lateral Posterior Superior Nasal Nerve?
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Sphenopalatine Foramen
(Like Nasopalatine Foramen) It then enters the Posterior Superior Nasal Cavity |
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The GSA fibers of the Lateral Posterior Superior Nasal Nerve innervates what structures?
-GVE? |
Superior and Middle Conchae
(on the Lateral Posterior Superior wall of the Nasal Cavity) GVE-Nasal Glands of the same area |
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The Medial Posterior Supeior Nasal Nerve has what fibers?
-What is its associated foramen? |
GSA and GVE
-Sphenopalatine Foramen |
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The GSA fibers of the Medial Posterior Superior Nasal Nerve innervate what?
-GVE? |
Medial Posterior Superior wall of the Nasal Septum
GVE-Nasal Glands of Medial Posterior Superior Area |
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What type of fibers are the Greater and Lesser Palatine Nerves?
-What are there associated foramina |
GSA, GVE, and SA
Greater and Lesser Palatine Foramina |
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The Greater Palatine Formania carries ___ information from what structure?
What nerve does the greater palatine meet up w/ Anteriorly? -GVE//SA fibers of the G. Palatine Nerve innervate what? |
GSA; Hard Palate
Nasopalatine Nerve GVE:Palatine Glands SA:Taste to the Hard palate (like Nasopalatind Nerve) |
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What nerve comes off of the Greater Palatine Nerve after it goes through the Greater Palatine Foramen
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Lateral Posterior INFERIOR Nasal Nerve
(GSA and GVE) GSA: From the Lateral Posterior Inferior walls of the Nasal Cavity GVE: Glands around that area |
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The Lesser Palatine Nerves have what type of fibers?
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GSA,GVE, SA
GSA: Soft Palate, Uvula, and Tonsil GVE: Glands of that area SA: Taste from Soft Palate |
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Lastly,..The Pharyngeal Nerve has what type of fibers
What is its associated foramina? Where is it going |
GSA and GVE
Palatovaginal Canal>>>Nasopharynx GSA: Mucosa of the Upper Pharynx GVE: Glands of that area |
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SA fibers cell bodies in the __ ganglion and travel w/ CN __.
Which of the Nerves associated w/ V2 have taste (SA) fibers? |
Facial; CN VII
Nasopalatine, Greater and Lesser Palatine Nerves |
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Summary:
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All the nerves associated w/ the Pterygopalatine Ganglion are GSA and GVE
The only ones that have SA are Nasopalatine, and the Greater and Lesser Palatine Nerve |
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What is unique about the Mandibular division of CNV
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It is the ONLY division w/ a MOTOR ROOT (SVE)!
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What is the foramen that V3 exits the cranium in?
Where are they after they exit this foramen? |
Foramen Ovale>>> Infratempral Fossa
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Once in the Infratemporal Fossa V3 gives off a ___ branch which will re-enter the cranial cavity via the ___.
What fibers are the Meningeal Branch carrying/ |
Meningeal Branch; Foramen Spinosum
GSA to the Dura of the Middle Cranial Fossa |
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After entering the Infratemporal fossa a 2nd branch is given off. It is quite small. What is it?
-What fibers does it carry -What does it do? |
Nerve to the Medial Pterygoid
-Soley SVE Innervates the Medial Pterygoid, Tensor Tympani, and Tensor Veli Palatini |
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T or F. After giving off its first 2 branches V3 divides into an ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR division
-How many branches of the Anterior and Posterior Divisions exsist |
True
Anterior: 4 Branches Posterior: 3 Branches |
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Name the 4 branches of the Anterior Division?
-What type of fibers do they carry? |
GSA:Buccal Nerve
All the Rest are SVE: Masseteric Nerve Deep Temporal Nerve Lateral Pterygoid Nerve |
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This branch of the Anterior division of the Mandibualar Nerve of CN V:
Desends between the two heads of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle. Deep to the Mandible Emerges Anterior to the Ramus of the Mandible and travels in the region of the Buccinator Muscle. What structures does it innervate? |
Buccal Nerve (GSA)
-Skin overlying the Anterior part of the Buccinator Muscle -Buccal Mucosa -Buccal Gingiva (next to the 2nd and 3rd Molars) |
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The 3 SVE Nerves of the Anterior Division:
Name the Nerve and its associated Structures/ |
Masseteric Nerve: Moves the Massenteric Muscle
Deep Temporal Nerve: Move the Temporalis Muscle Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Moves the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle |
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The Posterior Division V3 has 3 branches. Name them?
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Auriculotemporal
Lingual Neve Inferior Alveolar |
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The Auriculotemporal Nerve has what type of fibers?
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GSA and GVE
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The Auriculotemporal Nerve emerges in the ____ by 2 roots that encircle the ____ artery
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Infratemporal Fossa
Middle Menigeal Artery |
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What doe the Auriculotemporal Nerve pass between?
Where does it emerge? What does it asend w/ |
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle and emerges behind the TMJ
Asends w/ the Superfical Temproral Artery and Vein (Vein to the Parotid and Temporal Regions) |
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The GSA fibers of the Auriculotemporal Nerve innervate what
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Skin of the Temporal Region
Anterior Auricle External Acoustic Meatus |
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The GVE fibers of the Auriculotemporal Nerve are ____ fibers from ____.
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Parasympathetic Fibers
(GVE) from the Lesser Petrosal branch of CN IX (Glossalpharyngeal)via the Otic Ganglion They travel w/ the Auriculotemproal Nerve and provide Secretomotor Innervation to the Parotid Gland |
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The Lingual Nerve is the 2nd branch of V3 in the Posterior Division.
What fibers does it carry? |
GSA, SVE, and SVA
GSA: from the Ant 2/3 of the tongue, floor of oral cavity, lingual gingival tissue Recieves the Chordae Tympani (cm from the Foramen Ovale) -These are Preganglionic Parasympathetic GVE fibers from CN VII and SA fibers GVE fibers:Sublingual and Submandibular Salivary Glands (Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse in the Submandibular Ganglion which is suspended from the lingual nerve by rootlets SA fibers: Taste to anter 2/3 of the tongue |
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What does the Lingual nerve pass between?
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Between the Tensor Veli Palatini and Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Below the Lateral Pterygoid Between the Medial Pterygoid and Ramus of the Mandible, Inferior Alveolar Nerve |
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Where does the Lingual Nerve Lie
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Medial Surface of the Mandible near the 3rd Molar
Covered by MUCOSA ONLY -passes to the LATERAL TOUNGE |
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What type of fibers do the Inferior Alveolar Nerve have?
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GSA and SVE
GSA:Mandibular teeth and adjacent gingival tissue |
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The inferior alveolar nerve runs ____ to the Lingual Nerve and passes between the ____ and the ramus of the mandible. Enters the Mandibular canal via the ___ foramen
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Posterior
Sphenomandibular Ligament Mandibular Foramen |
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What nerve emerges from the Mental Foramen
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Mental Nerve
-Supplies the Skin of chin, lower lip,labial mucosa and labial gingival tissue |
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The inferior alveolar nerve gives a branch off before it enters the Mandibular foramen,..what is it called
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Nerve to Mylohyoid
-Motor Innervation to the Mylohyoid Muscle and the Anterior Belly of the Diagastric |
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When you give an Inferior Alveolar Block via the ___ foramen what will be numb?
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Mandibular Foramen
-Mandible on Ispilateral Side -Mental Nerve (skin of the chin, labial mucosa and labial gingival tissue |
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How does one numb the Superior Alvolar Nerves (Anterior, Middle and Posterior)
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Via the Terminal Branches
(injection is given to tissues surrounding the root of the tooth) |
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If you give an extraction you must be careful b/c this nerve is very close to the 3rd molar
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Lingual Nerve
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What can happen if you mess up CNV
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Paralysis of Muscles of Mastication and Mandible w/ deviate toward the side of the Lesion
Will not be able to have GSA to face Loss of Corneal Blink Reflex -stimulus: touch cornea -response: blink Loss of Sneeze Reflex stimulus: Irritant in Nasal cavity response: Sneeze |
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Triangles of the NECK
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Triangles of the NECK
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Triangles of the NECK
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SCM divides the neck into __ and ___ triangles
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Anterior and Posterior
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What are the Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle
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SCM, Trapezius, and Clavicle (medial 1/3)
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What is in the Posterior Triangle
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External Jugular Vein
Cervical and Brachial Plexus Transverse Cervical Artery Cervical Lymph Nodes Subclavian Artery and Vein Suprascapular Artery Suprascapular Lymph Nodes |
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Which of the two things in the posterior triangle are from the thyrocervical trunk
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Suprascapular Artery and Transvers Cervical
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Anterior Triangle is Subdivided into 4 other triangles.
Name them? |
Submandibular
Submental Carotid Muscular Submental is not paired |
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The Muscular Triangles borders?
What are the contents of the Muscular Triangle |
Superior Omohyoid
SCM Midline of Neck Contents: Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland |
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What are the borders of the Anterior Triangle (not subdivided)
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Anterior border of the SCM
Inferior border of the Mandible Midline of the Neck |
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The Carotid Triangle Boundaries?
What are the contents of this triangle |
SCM
Superior Omohyoid Posterior Diagastric Carotid Sheath (Int Jugular, CC, Vagus Nerve) External Carotid Artery Hypoglossal Nerve and Accessory Nerves Ansa Cervicalis Thyroid Gland Larynx and Pharynx Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes |
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Submandibular Triangles border and contents
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Anterior and Posterior Digastric and Inferior Border of the Mandibule
Contents: Submandibular Gland and Lymph Nodes CN 12 Mylohyoid Nerve Facial Artery and Vein |
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Submental Triangle Borders and Contents?
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Right and Left Anterior Diagastric and Hyoid Bone
Submental Lymph Nodes and Veins |
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Which triangle is important clinically in taking someone's pulse
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Carotid
-Post Digastric -Superior Omohyoid -SCM |
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Palpate Lymph Nodes
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Deep Cervical and Submandibular Nodes
-Can detect cancer |
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What is the Origin and Insertion of the Trapezius Muscle
Funtion? |
O-External Occipital Protruberance and Cervical and Thoracic SPINOUS Process
I- Spin, Scapula (Acromium) and Clavicle Function: Elevate Depress and Rotate the Scapula |
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What CN innervates this muscles
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Accessory (CNIX)
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What nerve innervates the SCM
What is the Orgin and Insertion of the SCM |
Accessory (CNIX)
O-Mastoid Process of Skull I-Sterum and Clavical Function: Uni- turns chin superior laterally Bi- flex neck muscles |
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Scales Orgin an Insertion?
-Function? -Anterior Function? |
O-TRANSVERSE Process of Cervical Vetebrae
I-1st and 2nd Ribs Function: Lateral Flexion of the Neck Muscles Ant Funct: Elevates 1st ribs |
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What nerve passes ontop of the Anterior Scalene
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Phrenic
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What passes between the Anterior and Middle Scalene
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Brachial Plexus and Subclavian Artery
If scalenes get tight you will get Throacic Outward Syndrome |
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Scalene Muscles are known as muscle of ___ and acessory muscles of ___
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Expiration
Inspiration |
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What are the Infrahyoid Muscles
Where does there innervation come from? |
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid All get there innervation from the Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3) except for Thyrohyoid which is oly innervated by C1 |
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Whats another name for the Infrahyoid Muscles
What is there purpose |
Strap Muscles
Depress the Hyoid and larynx during swallowing |
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What are the Suprahyoid Muscles
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Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid Stylohyoid Digastric |
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CRANIAL NERVE VII
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CRANIAL NERVE VII
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CRANIAL NERVE VII
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What is Cranial Nerve VII
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Facial Nerve
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Where does CN VII Orginate
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Vental Side of the Brain between the Pons and the Medulla
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What are the 4 Associated Nuclei w/ CN VII
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Motor Nucleus of Facial Nerve
-SVE fibers for the Muscles of Facial Expression Superior Salivatory Nucleus (GVE) -Preganglionic Parasympathetic for the Lacrimal,Submandibular, and Lingual Glands) Nuclei of the Solitary Tract -SVA (taste) Spinal Nucleus of Trigeminal -GSA |
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The Motor Nucleus of Facial Nerve has what type of fibers?
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SVE that innervate the muscles of facial expression
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The Superior Salivatory Nucleus has what type of fibers?
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Preganglionic Parasympathetic
Fibers (GVE) |
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The Nuclei of the Solitary Tract
-What CN are associated w/ this nuclei |
CN 7, CN 9, CN 10
(Taste to the Tongue) 7- anterior 2/3, soft palate 9-Post 1/3 10- Epiglottis |
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What type of fibers does the Spinal Nucleus of the Trigeminal have?
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GSA fibers
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What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus
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Ganglion: Cell bodies Outside of the CNS
Nucleus: Cell bodies w/ in CNS |
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What are types of fibers are carried by the facial nerve
(Cranial Nerve Modalities) |
GSA (Trigeminal)
SVA (Solitary) GVE (Salvitory + Glands) SVE(Motor + Facial Nerve) |
Taste is by itself
GiVE "SYM"pathy and "Pa" on the back SteVE is Mobile |
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SVE fibers innervate what type of muscles?
-Where are they derived from embryologically? Just for kicks what are the fibers that innervate the same thing but are not brachial/pharyngeal arch derivatives? |
Striated Muscles of the 2nd Brachial Arch
GSE |
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The GVE fibers of CNVII do what?
These are aka ___ |
Supply MOTOR to the Submandibular, Sublingual, and Lacrimal
Nervous Intermedius -b/c this emerges between the motor root and the vestibular cholcher |
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Which fibers run is close association w/ the GVE fibers?
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GVA
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What do the GSA fibers associated w/ ____ nucleus innervate.
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Small patch of skin on the surface of the ear
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The SVA fibers associated w/ ___ nucleus innervate what?
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Solitary
Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the Soft Palate |
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What part of the brain does the Facial Nerve enter the skull
-What is travelling w/ it? |
Internal Acoustin Meatus
-CN 7 -Vestibularchochlear Nerve -Labrinthyne Artery |
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After it goes through the Internal Acoustic Meatus then where does it go/
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Facial Canal>> Petrous Portion of the Temporal Bone>> Stylomastiod Foramen
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What is the importance of the Labrinthyne Artery
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Comes off Basillar Artery and supplies the inner ear
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How many ganglion are associated w/ CN VII
-What is the only resident ganglion? -What are the others and there relations to the facial nerve |
3
-Geniculate (only resident) -Ptyergopalatine (V2) -Submandibular (V3) |
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The facial nerve is associated w/ what 3 things
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All of the branches of the trigeminal (3)
2 ganglions that are residents of the trigeminal CN 10 -GSA |
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Name the important bony landmarks of the facial nerve?
(7) |
Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone
-Internal Acoustic Meatus -Greater Hiatus -Facial Canal -Stylomastoid Foramen -Posterior Canaliculi -Anterior Caniliculi -Tymapanic Fissure |
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Name the 4 Branches of the Facial Nerve
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Greater Petrosal-Greater Hiatus
N to Stapedius- Chordae Tympani-Petrous Tympanic Fissure Facial Nerve 9 other branches out of the Stylomastoid Foramen |
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What CN innervates the Parotid
What is the associated ganglion |
CN 9
Otic Ganglion |
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What muscles of facial expression does the Temporal Nerve Innervate
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Frontalis
Orbicularis Oculi Note It is not the temporalis! |
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What muscles of facial expression does the Zygomatic Nerve Innervate
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Zygomaticus Major and Minor
Levator Labii Superioris Nasalis |
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Buccal Nerve innervates what muscles of facial expression
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Buccinator
Orbicularis Oris Depressor Anguli Oris Depressor Labii Inferioris |
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What muscles does the Mandibular Nerve innervate?
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Menalis
Depressor Anguli ORIS Depressor Labii Inferioris |
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What nerve innervates the Platysma
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Cervical
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What muscles of facial expression are innervated by 2 nerves of CN 7
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Depressor Angli Oris
Depressor Labii Inferioris -Buccal -Mandibular |
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Give some clinical signs of Bell's Palsy
What CN is this associated w/ |
Droop on one side of the face
-due to Paralysis on 1 side of the face -Damage to Stylomastoid Foramen Facial Nerve (CN VII) |
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Oral Region Anatomy
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Oral Region Antomy
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Oral Region Anatomy
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Surface Antomy: Define
-Philtrum -Nasolabial Sulcus -Tubercle of Superior Lip -Mental Protruberence -Commisure of Lips -Labimental Groove |
P- depression between your upper lip and nose
NLS- depression from your nose to your lip TSL-Mid Line of the Upper Lip MP- Outer most portion of the chin CL-Angle where the lips come together LMG-Groove between lower lip and the chin |
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Lips
-Are they muscles of facial expression -What two structures apply to the lips |
YES
Transition Zone and Vermillion Border (has no sweat of oil glands) |
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Surgeons use this structure on the surface of the oral cavity as a landmark
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Philtrum
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What CN innervates the Lips
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CN VII
Buccal Branch- Obicularis Oris Buccinator, Depressor Angli Oris, Depressor Labii Inferioris |
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Cheecks:
What CN innervates the Cheeks |
CN VII
Buccal Branch |
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What structure is superfical to the buccinator?
-Describe it? |
Buccal Fat Pad
-Has a vascualar and Arterial Plexus -Petrudes into Oral Cavity if herniated -Functions in stabilizes the teeth during suckling in children -Stablized by ligaments |
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Oral Mucosa:
When the mucous membrane of the lip reflects on the alveolar bone it its called ___ . The actual reflection is termed what? Anteriorly to Posterior this fold changes names, what are its other names? |
Alveolar Mucosa
Vestibular Fold Mucolabial Anteriorly Mucobuccal Posteriorly |
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High elastic content of the oral mucosa decrease as you approach what?
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Teeth
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As the Alveolar Mucosa approaches the teeth it changes __ and ___ and becomes what?
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Color and Texture
Attatched Gingiva |
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Oral Cavity Proper has two components. What are they?
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Vestible-space between teeth and mucosal lining of the lips
-Smaller Oral Cavity Proper- space between the upper and lower dental arches -Buccinator Functions to keep bolus of food in between teeth |
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Palate forms what
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Roof of the Oral Cavity Proper
and the floor of the Nasal Cavity |
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What bones contribute to the Palate
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Palatine Bones and Part of Maxilla-Palatine Process
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What are the two parts of the palate
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Hard and Soft
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Where is the Palatine Tonsil Located
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Between the Palatoglossus and the Palatopharyngeus
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What is the Palatine Tonsil
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Lymphoid Tissue covered by Mucous Membrane
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What is the Blood Supply of the Palatine Tonsil
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Tonsillar Branch of the Facial ARTERY
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What are the Nerves of the Palatine Tonsil
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CN 9 (Glossalpharyngeal)
Lesser Palatine (V2) |
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Tongue
What are the functions of the tongue |
Mastication
Taste Deglutination Articulation Oral Cleansing |
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What are the two division of muscles that the tongue has?
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic
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What is the Sulcus Terminalis of the Tongue
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V-shaped groove that divides the ANTERIOR 2/3 of the tongue from the POSTERIOR 1/3
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Where are the Circumvallete Papillae
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Behind the Sulcus Terminalis
-Large Projections HAVE TASTE BUDS! |
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Filiform and Fungiform Papillae are where?
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On anterior aspect of the tongue
-FUNGIFORM has taste buds and are BIGGER than Filiform |
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Name the Extrisic Muscles of the Tongue (4)
-Which of these 4 muscle is also a muscle of the soft palate? |
Genioglossus
Hypoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus -Palatoglossus is also a muscle of the SOFT PALATE |
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What is the function of the Genioglossus
-Innervation |
Depress and Protrudes the Tongue
Hypoglossal |
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What is the function of the Hyoglossus
-Innervation |
Depresses and RETRACTS
Hypoglossal |
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What is the function of the Styloglossus
-Innervation |
RETRACT the Tongue
Hypoglossal |
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What is the function of the Palatoglossus
-Innervation |
Elevates the POSTERIOR part of the Tongue
Pharyngeal Plexus (CN 10, CN11) |
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What is the Lingual Frenulum
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Attaches tongue to the floor of the mouth
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Where is the Sublingual gland
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Under Sublingual Fold
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The submandibular duct is bilateral and is on both sides of what structure
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Frenulum
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Fimbriated Fold is related to what?
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Landmark related to early embryological development
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What makes a muscle of the tongue Extrinsic or Intrinsic
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Extrinsic-begin outside and will insert on the tongue
-Control Mov't Intrinsic-begin and end inside of the tongue -Control Shape |
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What are the Intrisic Muscles of the Tongue?
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Superior Longitudinal
Inferior Longitudinal Transverse Vertical |
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Which of the intrinsic muscle is associated w/ shortening the tounge
Narrow? Flatten? |
Shorten:Longitudinal
Narrow:Transverse Flatten: Vertical |
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If I was like 5 and wanted to stick my tongue at someone,...what muscle would I be using?
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Genioglossus
-Protrudes the Tongue (Inferior and Middle Fibers) |
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Now if I wanted to take my tongue back in b/c i saw a teacher coming,..what muscles would I use?
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Hyoglossus
Styloglossus Genioglossus (superior fiber) |
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Now I'm at the doctor b/c I got SICK so when the doctor puts the Wooden stick in my mouth and checks out my throat the depression of my tongue is due to what muscles
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Genioglossus
Hyoglossus |
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If I want to Elevate the tongue what muscles would I use?
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Styloglossus will help from the palatoglossus muscles
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What is the Major Artery of the Tongue
What are its branches |
Lingual
-Dorsal:Posterior -Deep:Anterior -Sublingual:Sublingual Gland |
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What are the divisions of the Lingual Nerve
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Sensory for the Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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What are the branches of the lingual veins
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Dorsal
Deep Sublingual Go to Int. Jugular |
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Hypoglossal Nerve gives what to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
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Innervation
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Name all the structures in the floor of the mouth
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Lingual Artery
Lingual Nerve Hypoglossal Lingual Veins |
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The Lingual Nerve has what ganglion on it
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Submandibular Ganglion
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What is the relationship between the Submandibular duct and the Lingual Nerve
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Submandibular Duct goes under the Lingual
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What supplies the GSA (sensory) information to the ANTERIOR 2/3 of the Tongue
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LINGUAL
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