Anatomy Exam

Front 1

Made up of cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones into body fluids

Back 1

endocrine system

Front 2

Secreted into body fluids

Back 2

Hormones

Front 3

Secretes products into ducts

Back 3

Exocrine

Front 4

Secrete products into body fluids to affect target cells

Back 4

Endocrine

Front 5

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid and adrenal glands, and the pancreas

Back 5

Endocrine glands

Front 6

Locally produced lipids that affect the organ in which they are produced

Back 6

Prostaglandins

Front 7

Controls hormone releases

Back 7

Negative feedback mechanisms

Front 8

Is attached to the base of the brain and has an anterior and posterior lobe.

Back 8

Pituitary gland

Front 9

Consists of epithelial tissue arranged around blood vessels and enclosed inna capsule of collagenous connective tissue.

Back 9

Anterior pituitary

Front 10

Consists of nerve fibers and neuroglial cells that support nerve fibers arising in the hypothalamus

Back 10

Posterior pituitary

Front 11

Located below the larynx and consists if two broad lobes connected by an isthmus

Back 11

Thyroid gland

Front 12

Consists of tightly packed secretory cells covered by a thin capsule of connective tissues

Back 12

Parathyroid glands

Front 13

Sit atop the kidneys enclosed in a layer of fat

Back 13

Adrenal glands

Front 14

Made up of modified postganglionic neurons that are connected to sympathetic nervous system

Back 14

Adrenal medulla

Front 15

Makes up most of the adrenal glands and consist of epithelial cells in 3 layers. Works with negative feedback loops

Back 15

Adrenal cortex

Front 16

Organ that produces gametes, testis/ovaries

Back 16

Gonads

Front 17

Secretes hormones as an endocrine gland, and digestive juices to the digestive tract as an exocrine gland

Back 17

Pancreas

Front 18

Includes two cell types alpha cells that secrete glucagon and beta cells that secrete insulin

Back 18

Islet of Langerhans

Front 19

Produce estrogen and progesterone

Back 19

Ovaries

Front 20

below the thalamus. coordinates ANS and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity.

Back 20

Hypothalamus

Front 21

cell that bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or other signaling molecule, or is the focus of contact by a virus, phagocyte, nerve fiber, etc.

Back 21

Target cells

Front 22

Transmit nerve impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons. Typically have a cell body, axons, and dendrites.

Back 22

Neurons

Front 23

Made up of brain and spinal cord.

Back 23

Central Nervous System

Front 24

Made up of peripheral nerves that connect CNS to the rest of body

Back 24

Peripheral Nervous System

Front 25

Provides sensory integrative and notice functions to the body

Back 25

Nervous System

Front 26

Protein found on axon of neurons function is to speed up nerve impulses

Back 26

Myelin

Front 27

Carry impulses from other neurons (or from other receptors) toward the cell body

Back 27

Dendrites

Front 28

Transmits the impulse away from the axonal hillock of the cell body and may give off side branches

Back 28

Axon

Front 29

Conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the CNS and are usually unipolar, although some are bipolar neurons

Back 29

Sensory neurons

Front 30

Multiple neurons lying within the CNS that form links between other neurons

Back 30

Motor neurons

Front 31

Separation of charge or potential difference

Back 31

Resting potential

Front 32

Rapid sequence of events

Back 32

Action potential

Front 33

Just action between the two communicating neurons

Back 33

Synapse

Front 34

Largest part of the brain, associated with higher mental functions

Back 34

Cerebrum

Front 35

Coordinates and regulates visceral activity

Back 35

Brain stem

Front 36

Lies outside of the cerebrum and contains 75% of the cell bodies in the nervous system

Back 36

Cerebral cortex

Front 37

Maintains homeostasis by regulating a wide variety of visceral activities and by linking the endocrine system with the nervous system

Back 37

Hypothalamus

Front 38

Located between the diencephalon and the pons. Contains bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that convey impulses to and from higher parts of the brain and masses of grey matter that serves as reflex centers

Back 38

Mid brain

Front 39

Lying between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata, transmit impulses between the brain and spinal cord and contains centers that regulate the rate and depth of breathing

Back 39

Pons

Front 40

Produced by nervous system chemicals

Back 40

Neurotransmitters

Front 41

Integrates info from the sensory into motor, main part of cell contains nucleus

Back 41

Cell body

Front 42

Muscles or glands that respond to stimulus

Back 42

Effector

Front 43

Minimum level of stimulus needed to activate neuron

Back 43

Threshold

Front 44

Found in sense organs

Back 44

Receptor

Front 45

Electrical signals used to communicate between neurons

Back 45

Impulse

Front 46

Transmits impulse away from cell

Back 46

Axon terminal

Front 47

neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc.

Back 47

Interneuron

Front 48

Encloses the heart

Back 48

Pericardial

Front 49

Mixture of h2o, amino acids, proteins, carbs, lipids, vitamins, electrolytes, and cellular waste

Back 49

Plasma

Front 50

Consists of alimentary canal, leading from mouth to anus

Back 50

Digestive system

Front 51

Muscular tube about 9 meters long, passes through bodys central cavity

Back 51

Alimentary canal

Front 52

Propelling movements caused by contraction behind a mass of food

Back 52

Peristalsis

Front 53

What attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Back 53

Frenulum

Front 54

Functions to close off nasal cavity

Back 54

Uvula

Front 55

Watery fluid produced by salivary glands

Back 55

Amylase

Front 56

Linked to the esophagus and small intestine. J shaped, receives and mixes food with digestive juices.

Back 56

Stomach

Front 57

Straight collapsible passageway leading to the stomach

Back 57

Esophagus

Front 58

Controls release of food from the stomach to the small intestine

Back 58

Pyloric sphincter

Front 59

Small round mass of food with chewing and saliva.

Back 59

Bolus

Front 60

Secreted to digest protein

Back 60

Pepsin

Front 61

Inactive. Activated when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid.

Back 61

Pepsinogen

Front 62

Hormone that is released from gastric glands

Back 62

Gastrin

Front 63

Passed toward the pyloric region using peristaltic waves

Back 63

Chyme

Front 64

Closely associated with the small intestine

Back 64

Pancreas

Front 65

Reddish brown, located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity.

Back 65

Liver

Front 66

Yellowish green liquid that hepatic cells secrete. Includes water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol , and electrolytes.

Back 66

Bile

Front 67

Gallblader

Back 67

Pear shaped sac lying on the interior surface of the liver.

Front 68

Double layered fold of peritoneum

Back 68

Mesentery

Front 69

First part of the small intestine from the stomach

Back 69

Duodenum

Front 70

Part of small intestine between duodenum and ileum

Back 70

Jejunum

Front 71

Carried on by the small intestine

Back 71

Segmentation

Front 72

Absorbs water and electrolytes. Forms and stores feces

Back 72

Large intestine

Front 73

a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine

Back 73

Appendix

Front 74

Pouch at the beginning of the large intestine

Back 74

Cecum

Front 75

Final section of large intestines before the anus

Back 75

Rectum

Front 76

the symbiotic bacteria occurring naturally in the intestine.

Back 76

Intestinal flora

Front 77

Composed of undigested material , water, electrolytes, mucus and bacteria

Back 77

Feces

Front 78

Mix of h2o amino acids, proteins, carbs, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular waste.

Back 78

Plasma

Front 79

Red blood cells. Biconcave disks that contain one third oxygen carrying hemoglobin

Back 79

Erythrocytes

Front 80

Released from the kidneys and liver in response to low oxygen levels

Back 80

Erythropoietin

Front 81

White blood cells. Can squeeze between cell lining walls if blood vessels by diapedesis and attack bacteria

Back 81

Leukocytes

Front 82

The stoppage of bleeding

Back 82

Hemostasis

Front 83

Most effective means of hemostasis

Back 83

Blood coagulation

Front 84

Complex form of hemostasis. Uses clotting factors

Back 84

Blood coagulation

Front 85

Abnormal clot

Back 85

Thrombus

Front 86

Dislodged vessel (thrombus)

Back 86

Embolus

Front 87

Clumping of red blood cells following transfusion.

Back 87

Aggulation

Front 88

Red blood cells. Biconcave disks that contain one third oxygen carrying hemoglobin by volume

Back 88

Erythrocytes