Anatomy Exam 4: Thoracic, Dissector

Front 1

The sternal angle is clinically
useful in counting ribs and forms an important landmark for determining the surface projections
of thoracic organs. The_______________ indicates the level of the inferior border of the heart
and the superior border of the liver.

Back 1

xiphisternal joint

Front 2

Due to the characteristic superior position of the larger neurovascular structures within an
intercostal space, a needle is inserted or an incision is made where, to access the thoracic cavity (e.g., for procedures such as thoracocentesis)?
This threatens only smaller collateral branches, although they are avoided
too if possible.

Back 2

Needle inserted or incisions made above the superior border of the lower rib bounding the space

Front 3

Adhesions may develop between the visceral and parietal pleurae during life due to inflammation (pleurisy, pleuritis). Such adhesions produce pain
during (exertion/inhalation). Even in the absence of adhesions, the roughness of the pleural surfaces resulting from pleurisy produces a pleural friction rub detectable with a stethoscope.

Back 3

pain during exertion

Front 4

A penetrating wound in the root of the neck may tear the ____________________, allowing air to enter the pleural cavity (pneumothorax) and causing ________________.

Back 4

cervical pleura

causing the lung to collapse

Front 5

Fluid (serous fluid, pus, blood) may accumulate within the__________________in upright patients with pathological conditions or following injury. It may have to be removed with a hypodermic needle (thoracocentesis) or by insertion of a chest tube.

Back 5

costodiaphragmatic recess

Front 6

This pleural notch and the corresponding _________________ in the left lung allow insertion of a
needle into the pericardium (e.g., to drain fluids from the pericardial cavity [pericardiocentesis])
without entering the pleural cavity or damaging the lung.

Back 6

cardiac notch

Front 7

The area of the pericardium exposed by the pleural and cardiac notches is the ___________________________

Back 7

bare area of pericardium

Front 8

Each __________ nerve (C3,4,5) is the sole motor innervation to its half of the diaphragm
(hemidiaphragm).

Back 8

phrenic nerve

Front 9

Bilateral phrenic nerve lesions result in _______________

That is why patients with spinal cord injuries at or above the C4 level usually don’t survive without
respiratory assistance.

Back 9

respiratory paralysis

Front 10

The phrenic nerve also supplies sensation to all but the periphery of the diaphragm. Therefore, the origin of the phrenic nerves from the cervical spinal cord provides the basis for sensations produced by irritation of the diaphragmatic pleura or peritoneum by thoracic or abdominal disease (e.g., from inflammation of the gallbladder) to be “felt” by the patient in the_____________region, in the C3,4 dermatomes (referred pain).

Back 10

shoulder region

Front 11

A diseased _______________________ can be surgically removed while leaving the surrounding lung tissue functioning normally (segmentectomy).

Back 11

bronchopulmonary segment

Front 12

Unlike the bronchi and pulmonary artery branches, the larger tributaries of the__________veins occupy intersegmental positions and are used as surgical
landmarks during segmentectomies.

Back 12

pulmonary vein