Anatomy Exam 4 Clinical Terms

Front 1

A condition characterized by unusually sensitive, irritable, inflamed conducting passageways.

Back 1

asthma

Front 2

A partially or completely collapsed lung.

Back 2

atelectasis

Front 3

An inflammation of the bronchial lining.

Back 3

bronchitis

Front 4

Applying cycles of compression to the rib cage and mouth-to-mouth breathing to maintain circulatory and respiratory function.

Back 4

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Front 5

A relatively common, lethal inherited disease in which mucous secretions in the lungs become too thick to be transported easily.

Back 5

cystic fibrosis

Front 6

A chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and resulting from the destruction of respiratory exchange surfaces.

Back 6

emphysema

Front 7

A nosebleed caused by trauma, infection, allergies, hypertension, or other factors.

Back 7

epistaxis

Front 8

A method of applying abdominal pressure to force the expulsion of foreign objects lodged in the trachea or larynx.

Back 8

Heimlich maneuever

Front 9

Infection or inflammation of the larynx.

Back 9

laryngitis

Front 10

A class of aggressive malignancies originating in the bronchial passageways or alveoli.

Back 10

lung cancer

Front 11

An abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavities.

Back 11

pleural effusion

Front 12

A condition caused by an infection of the lobules of the lung and characterized by a decline in respiratory function due to fluid leakage into the alveoli and/or swelling and constriction of the respiratory bronchioles.

Back 12

pneumonia

Front 13

The entry of air into the pleural cavity

Back 13

pneumothorax

Front 14

Blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot, fat mass, or air bubble.

Back 14

pumonary embolism

Front 15

A condition resulting from inadequate surfactant production; characterized by collapse of the alveoli and an inability to maintain adequate levels of gas exchange at the lungs.

Back 15

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Front 16

Serious clinical conditions caused by the inhalation of dust or other particulate matter in sufficient quantities to overload the respiratory defense system, resulting in lung scarring and a reduction in respiratory function.

Back 16

silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis

Front 17

Removal of a sample of pleural fluid for diagnostic evaluation.

Back 17

thoracentesis

Front 18

Insertion of a tube through an incision in the anterior tracheal wall to bypass a foreign body or damaged larynx.

Back 18

tracheostomy

Front 19

(TB): Infection of the lungs by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms are variable but usually include coughing and chest pain, with fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss.

Back 19

tuberculosis

Front 20

Blockage of the lower part of the esophagus due to weak peristalsis and malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Back 20

achalasia

Front 21

A painful condition caused by blockage of the cystic or common bile duct by gallstones.

Back 21

cholecystitis

Front 22

Presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.

Back 22

cholelithiasis

Front 23

A condition caused by scarring of the liver following destruction of hepatocytes by drug exposure, viral infection, ischemia, or other factors.

Back 23

cirrhosis

Front 24

Irritation of the colon, leading to abnormal bowel function.

Back 24

colitis

Front 25

Attachment and opening of the colon to the abdominal wall, bypassing the distal portion of the large intestine

Back 25

colostomy

Front 26

Infrequent defecation of small, dry, hard feces, usually less than three times a week. Constipation occurs when fecal materials move through the colon so slowly that excessive reabsorption of water occurs. Inadequate dietary fiber and water and lack of exercise are common causes of constipation.

Back 26

constipation

Front 27

Frequent, watery bowel movements. Bacterial, viral, or protozoan infection of the colon or small intestine can cause acute bouts of diarrhea lasting several days.

Back 27

diarrhea

Front 28

A condition in which pockets (diverticula) form in the mucosa of the colon, usually in the sigmoid colon.

Back 28

diverticulosis

Front 29

Irritation of the small intestine by toxins or other irritants; causes diarrhea due to frequent peristalsis along the small intestine

Back 29

enteritis

Front 30

Inflammation of the esophagus due to erosion by gastric juices.

Back 30

esophagitis

Front 31

Surgical removal of the stomach; a potential treatment for stomach cancer.

Back 31

gastrectomy

Front 32

Surgical procedures to promote weight loss by blocking off a large portion of the gastric lumen.

Back 32

gastric stapling and gastric bypass

Front 33

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Back 33

gastritis

Front 34

Vomiting and diarrhea caused by an extremely powerful irritating stimulus.

Back 34

gastroenteritis

Front 35

A fiber-optic instrument used to visualize the interior of the stomach.

Back 35

gastroscope

Front 36

A digestive disorder characterized by diarrhea, constipation, or an alternation between the two. When constipation is the primary problem, the condition is sometimes called a spastic colon, or spastic colitis.

Back 36

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Front 37

A viral infection that most often affects the parotid salivary glands between ages 5 and 9.

Back 37

mumps

Front 38

An inflammation of the pancreas due to blockage of the pancreatic ducts, bacterial or viral infections, or drug reactions.

Back 38

pancreatitis

Front 39

A localized erosion of the gastric or duodenal mucosa by acids and enzymes in chyme

Back 39

peptic ulcer

Front 40

A progressive condition resulting from erosion of the connections between the necks of teeth and the gingiva.

Back 40

periodontal disease

Front 41

A painful condition resulting from inflammation of the peritoneal membrane.

Back 41

peritonitis

Front 42

A dense deposit of food particles and bacterial secretions on the surfaces of teeth.

Back 42

plaque

Front 43

A clinical condition in which the micturition reflex remains intact, but voluntary control of the external urethral sphincter is lost due to CNS damage. Thus, the person cannot prevent the reflexive emptying of the urinary bladder.

Back 43

automatic bladder

Front 44

“Kidney stones” formed from calcium deposits, magnesium salts, or crystals of uric acid.

Back 44

calculi

Front 45

Inflammation of the urinary bladder lining, usually from infection.

Back 45

cystitis

Front 46

Painful urination.

Back 46

dysuria

Front 47

A technique in which an artificial membrane is used to regulate the composition of the blood and remove waste products.

Back 47

hemodialysis

Front 48

An inability to voluntarily control urination.

Back 48

incontinence

Front 49

The presence of kidney stones.

Back 49

nephrolithiasis

Front 50

An image obtained by taking an x-ray of the kidneys after a radiopaque compound has been administered.

Back 50

pyelogram

Front 51

Inflammation of the urethral wall.

Back 51

urethritis

Front 52

Blockage of the conducting system by a calculus or other factors.

Back 52

urinary obstruction

Front 53

Urinary tract inflammation caused by bacteria or fungal infection.

Back 53

urinary tract infection UTI

Front 54

A vaginal inflammation resulting from the combined action of several bacteria in extremely high numbers. The bacteria are normally present in small numbers in about 30 percent of adult women. In this form of vaginitis, the vaginal discharge contains epithelial cells and large numbers of bacteria. Antibiotics are often effective in controlling this condition.

Back 54

bacterial vaginitis

Front 55

A vaginal inflammation resulting from a fungal (yeast) infection. The organism responsible is a component of the normal vaginal microbial population in 30–80 percent of healthy women. Symptoms include itching and burning sensations, and a lumpy white discharge may also be produced. Antifungal medications are used to treat this condition.

Back 55

candidiasis

Front 56

The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the majority of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) cases, and even asymptomatic infections may result in uterine tube blockage infertility.

Back 56

chlamydial infections

Front 57

Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum by the time of birth.

Back 57

cryptorchidism

Front 58

Benign epithelial tumors of the uterine lining.

Back 58

endometrial polyps

Front 59

Growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus.

Back 59

endometriosis

Front 60

A sexually transmitted disease of the reproductive tract.

Back 60

gonorrhea

Front 61

Benign myometrial tumors that are the most common reproductive system tumors in women.

Back 61

leiomyomas/ fibroids

Front 62

Surgical removal of a testis.

Back 62

orchiectomy

Front 63

An infection of the uterine tubes.

Back 63

pelvic inflammatory disease PID

Front 64

A malignant, metastasizing cancer that is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in males.

Back 64

prostate cancer

Front 65

Surgical removal of the prostate gland.

Back 65

prostatectomy

Front 66

An antigen whose concentration in the blood increases in individuals with prostate cancer or other prostate diseases.

Back 66

prostate specific antigen PSA

Front 67

Diseases transferred from one individual to another primarily or exclusively through sexual contact. Commons examples include: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, and AIDS.

Back 67

sexually transmitted diseases STD

Front 68

A life-threatening STD that results from infection by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

Back 68

syphilis

Front 69

Twisting of the spermatic cord and reduction in testicular blood flow resulting from rotation of the testis inside the scrotal cavity.

Back 69

testicular torsion

Front 70

A serious vaginal infection by Staphylococcus bacteria. Symptoms include high fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and a generalized rash; shock, respiratory distress, and kidney or liver failure may develop. The mortality rate is 10–15 percent, which makes this a very serious condition.

Back 70

toxic shock syndrome TSSq

Front 71

An infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The parasite is introduced by sexual contact with a carrier.

Back 71

trichomoniasis

Front 72

Infection of the vaginal canal by fungal or bacterial pathogens.

Back 72

vaginitis

Front 73

Surgical removal of a segment of the ductus deferens, making it impossible for spermatozoa to reach the distal portions of the reproductive tract.

Back 73

vasectomy