Anatomy Exam 3, Third Set, Thursdays Info

Front 1

Abductor hallucis
Action & Innervation

Back 1

abducts & flexes big toe @ MTP

medial plantar nerve

Front 2

Flexor digitorum brevis
Action & Innervation

Back 2

flexes 2nd -5th toe @ PIP (and MTP)

medial plantar nerve

Front 3

Abductor digitimini
Action & Innervation

Back 3

abducts & flexes the 5th toe @ MTP

lateral plantar nerve

Front 4

First Layer of Muscles in Foot

Back 4

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digitiminmi
deep to plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia), thick layer of fascia that helps support the longitudinal arch of the foot

Front 5

Plantar fascitis

Back 5

inflammation of the insertion of hte plantar fascia on the calcaneal tuberosity

Front 6

Second Layer of Muscles in Foot

Back 6

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals (4)

Front 7

Quadratus plantae:
Action & Innervation

Back 7

assist flexor digitorum longus

lateral plantar nerve

Front 8

Lumbricals (4):
Action & Innervation

Back 8

flex 2nd-5th toe @ MTP & extend them at PIP/DIP via extensor expansion

Front 9

2 tendons in first layer of foot muscles

Back 9

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

Front 10

Flexor hallucis Longus

Back 10

wraps under sustentaculum tali & passes between two sesmoid bones (in the tendons of flexor hallucis brevis) on its way to the distal phalanx of the big toe

Front 11

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 11

Cross obliquely from medial malleolus to toes 2-5
lies superficial to the tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Front 12

Third Layer of Foot Muscles

Back 12

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digitiminimi

Front 13

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 13

has 2 heads; each tendon contains a sesamoid bone @ the head of the first metatarsal

Front 14

Flexor Hallucis Brevis:
Action & Innervation

Back 14

flexes big toe @ MTP

medial plantar nerve

Front 15

Adductor Hallucis:
Action & Innervation

Back 15

adducts big toe

lateral plantar nerve

Front 16

Flexor digitiminimi
Action & Innervation

Back 16

flexes 5th toe @ MTP

lateral plantar nerve

Front 17

Flexor hallucis brevis

Back 17

has 2 heads; each tendon contains a sesamoid bone @ head of first metatarsal

Front 18

Adductor hallucis

Back 18

has 2 heads
oblique & transverse

Front 19

Fourth Layer of Foot Muscles

Back 19

Plantar Interossei (3)

Dorsal interossei (4)

Front 20

Plantar Interossei
Origin & Insertion

Back 20

Origin: Metatarsals 3-5

Insertion: proximal phalanges of 3-5th toe

Front 21

Plantar Interossei
Action & Innervation

Back 21

adduct & flex 3rd-5th toes at MTP

Lateral plantar nerve

Front 22

Dorsal interossei (4)
Origin & Insertion

Back 22

Origin: metatarsals 1-5

Insertion: proximal phalanges of 2nd toe (both sides) 3rd & 4th toe

Front 23

Dorsal Interossei (4)
Action & Innervation

Back 23

abduct & flex 2nd-4th toes at MTP

lateral plantar nerve

Front 24

2 tendons in fourth layer

Back 24

tibialis posterior
fibularis longus

Front 25

Tibialis Posterior

Back 25

tendon passes behind the medial malleolus
a broad tendon to the navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms & bases of metatarsals 2-4

Front 26

Fibularis Longus

Back 26

tendon passes behind the lateral malleolus & thru groove in cuboid bone, then crosses hte sole of hte foot to the first metatarsal & medial cuneiform

Front 27

Muscles of Dorsum of Foot

Back 27

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

Front 28

Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Origin & Insertion

Back 28

Origin: calcaneus

Insertion: tendons of extensor digitorum longus of 2nd-4th toes

Front 29

Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Action & Innervation

Back 29

assists the extensor digitorum longus

Deep fibular nerve

Front 30

Extensor hallucis brevis
Origin & Insertion

Back 30

Origin: calcaneus

Insertion: proximal phalanx of big toe

Front 31

Extensor hallucis brevis:
Action & Innervation

Back 31

assists the extensor hallucis longus

deep fibular nerve

Front 32

Nerves of the Foot

Back 32

Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve
Deep fibular nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
Sural nerve

Front 33

Medial plantar Nerve

Back 33

terminal branch of tibial nerve
innervates 4 muscles in the sole of hte foot (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis & the 1st lumbrical)
also cutaneous innervation to medial 3.5 toes & medial sole

Front 34

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Back 34

Terminal branch of tibial nerve
innervates the remaining muscle in the solr of the foot (abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, 2nd-4th lumbricals, interosseous muscles, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi)
also cutaneous innervation to lateral 1.5 toes & lateral sole

Front 35

Deep fibular Nerve

Back 35

nerve of hte anterior compartment of leg
innervates the intrinsic muscles on the dorsum of the foot & skin between 1st & 2nd toe

Front 36

Superficial Fibular Nerve

Back 36

lateral compartment of leg
innervates skin on dorsum of foot & parts of leg

Front 37

Sural Nerve

Back 37

formed from branches of the tibial nerve & common fibular nerve
innervates skin on the lateral foot & parts of the leg
passes posterior to the lateral malleolus

Front 38

Blood Supply to Foot

Back 38

Dorsalis pedis
Medial Plantar artery
lateral plantar artery
great saphenous vein

Front 39

Dorsalis Pedis

Back 39

direct continuation of anterior tibial artery
gives rise to an arcuate artery on the dorsum of the foot & the deep plantar artery that dives down between the first & second toes & becomes plantar arch

Front 40

Medial Plantar Artery

Back 40

smaller than lateral plantar artery

Front 41

Lateral Plantar Artery

Back 41

becomes plantar arch, gives off plantar metatarsal arteries that divide further in plantar digital arteries

Front 42

Great saphenous vein

Back 42

continuation of the dorsal venous arch on foot
passes anterior to the medial malleolus

Front 43

Arches of the Foot

Back 43

Longitudianal (medial & lateral)
Transverse
shock absorbers

Front 44

Most important structures for maintaining the arches

Back 44

plantar ligaments

Front 45

Plantar Ligaments

Back 45

short plantar ligament
long plantar ligament
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
plantar aponeurosis

Front 46

Muscles that support arches of foot

Back 46

peroneus longus
tibilias posterior