• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/33

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ANATOMY EXAM 3 LECTURE 34: LYMPH
ANATOMY EXAM 3 LECTURE 34: LYMPH
What are the components of the lymph system?
1. spleen
2. thymus
3. tonsils
4. lymph node
5. lymphatic vessels
6. lymph
What are the major functions of the lymphatic system?
1. draining interstitial fluid and soluble proteins.
2. transport proteins and fat
3. mediate immune response
What are some lymphatic organs?
1. red bone marrow: produces lymphocytes
2. lymph nodes
3. spleen
4. thymus: development of T lymphocytes.
What are the functions of lymph nodes?
1. house lymphocytes
2. filter lymph
What are the functions of the spleen?
1. house and develop lymphocytes.
2. remove old blood cells
Lymph fluid is:
Filtrate that escapes from capillary to be come interstitial fluid.
Describe the lymph circulation:
In order of flow:
1. Lymph (tissue fluid originally).
2. To lymph capillaries
3. to lymph collecting vessels
4. to lymph nodes
5. to lymph trunks
6. to lymph duct (thoracic duct, or right lymphatic duct)
7. return to subclavian veins (where internal jugular and subclavian meet).
Lymph capillaries
1. Located near blood capillaries.
2. receive tissue fluid from CT through mini-valves
Thoracic duct drains these following structures:
1. both sides of abdomen
2. pelvis
3. perineum
4. lower extremities
5. left thorax
6. upper extremity
7. head and neck
Right lymph duct drains these following structures:
1. right thorax
2. upper extremeties
3. head and neck
What are the five principal lymphatic trunks?
1. jugular (2)
2. subclavian (2)
3. bronchomediastinal (2)
4. lumbar (2)
5. intestinal (1)

NOTE: all eventually end up in the cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and right lymph duct
What are two abdominal lymph nodes?
1. aortic nodes
2. superficial inguinal nodes
Aortic nodes receive lymph from where?
1. celiac nodes
2. sup. mesenteric
3. inf. mesenteric
4. renal
5. gonadal
Where do the aortic nodes eventually empty into?
The lumbar trunks and then the cisterna chyli.
What is lymph tissue and its types?
Lymph tissue is CT with aggregates of immune cells.

Two types:
1. unencapsulated
2. encapsulated
What are examples of structures of unencapsulated lymph tissue?
1. diffuse
2. nodule
3. MALT (mucosa assoc. lymphoid tissue)
4. tonsil
What are some examples of structures of encapsulated lymph tissue?
1. lymph nodes
2. spleen
3. thymus
Where is MALT commonly found?
In infected tissues that is in contact with the outside world, i.e. respiratory, urinary, repro. digestive tracts.
Lymph follicle
Mass of lymphocytes, mostly B cells.

Tissue of follicle is stimulated when antigen is present.
What happens when a lymph follicle is stimulated by the presence of an antigen?
Follicular cells differentiate, enlarge, multiply giving an appearance of a germinal center.
What is a lymph node?
1. an encapsulated organ packed with immune cells (follicle and cords).
2. filled with sinuses outside the follicular area.
3. the sinuses are spanned by reticular fibers.
4. immune cells are on the reticular fibers.

NOTE: lymph nodes process infectious agents inside the lymph.
What are the functions of a lymph node?
1. process infectious agents inside lymph.
2. antibody production
3. immune response
Structure of a lymph node includes:
1. outer cortex
2. medulla
3. afferent vessels
4. subcapsular sinuse
5. efferent vessels
What is inside the outer cortex of the lymph node?
Lymph nodules consisting of B cells.
What is inside the medulla of a lymph node?
Immune cells, i.e. macrophages and plasma cells)

Immune cells are on tightly packed fiber network.

This is where the lymph carrying infectious agents get processed.
Afferent vessels of the lymph node:
Bring lymph to the node so it can be filtered.
Efferent vessels of the lymph node:
Lymph leaves through the efferent vessels at the hilus where lymph goes to the next nodes in the chain, or to a lymphatic trunk.
Which is the largest single lymphoid organ?
Spleen
Where do vessels enter and exit in the spleen?
Hilus
What are the functions of the spleen?
1. remove antigens and infected cells from blood stream by phagocytosis.
2. acts as blood reservoir.
3. filters rbc's and platelets by phagocytosis

NOTE: also a site for hemopoiesis in the fetus.
Unique features of the thymus from other lymph tissues:
1. ONLY LYMPH ORGAN NOT INVOLVED IN DIRECTLY FIGHTING ANTIGENS!!
2. has no B cells
3. derived from epithelial tissue, not CT.
Where do T lymphocytes go after maturing in the thymus?
They go on to develop antigenicity in lymph nodules, nodes, and spleen.

Antigens are exposed to them in the lymph and blood.