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268 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frontalis
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Raises the eyebrows & wrinkles the skin of the forehead
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Occipitalis
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Retracts the scalp
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Corrugator Supercilii
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Draws the eyebrows together & creates vertical wrinkle lines above the nose
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Orbicularis Oculi
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Closes the eyelid (wink, blink, squint)
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Levator Palpebrae Superioris
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Elevates the upper eyelid ("opens" your eye)
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Nasalis
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Elevates corners of nostrils ("flares" nostrils)
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Procerus
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Produces transverse wrinkles over the nose
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Orbicularis Oris
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Closes the mouth; "puker up" for a kiss
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Depressor Labii Inferioris
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Draws the lower lip inferiorly
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Depressor Anguli Oris
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Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly ("frown" muscle)
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Levator Labii Superioris
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Opens lips; raises and furrows the upper lip ("Elvis snarl")
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Levator Anguli Oris
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Draws corner of mouth superiorly and laterally ("smile" muscle)
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Zygomaticus Major
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Elevates corner of mouth ("smile" muscle)
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Zygomaticus Minor
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Elevates corner of mouth ("smile" muscle)
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Risorius
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Draws corner of lip laterally ("closed mouth" smile)
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Mentalis
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Protudes lower lip & winkles chin ("pout" muscle)
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Plastysma
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Pulls the lower lip inferiorly; tenses the skin of the neck
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Buccinator
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Compresses check; holds food between teeth during chewing
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Medial Rectus
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Moves eye medially (adducts eye) CN III
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Lateral Rectus
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Moves eye laterally (abducts eye) CN VI
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Inferior Rectus
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Moves eye inferiorly (depresses eye) and medially (adducts eye) CN III
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Superior Rectus
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Moves eye superiorly (elevates eye) and medially (adducts eye) CN III
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Inferior Oblique
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Moves eye superiorly (elevates eye) and laterally (abducts eye) CN III
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Superior Oblique
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Moves eye inferiorly (depresses eye) and laterally (abducts eye) CN IV
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Temporalis
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Elevates & retracts the mandible
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Masseter
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Elevates & protracts the mandible; prime mover of jaw closure
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Medial Pterygoid
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Elevates & protracts the mandible; produces side-to-side movement of mandible
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Lateral Pterygoid
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Protracts the mandible; produces side-to-side movement of mandible
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Genioglossus
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Protracts tongue
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Styloglossus
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Elevates & retracts tongue
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Hypoglossus
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Depresses & retracts tongue
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Palatoglossus
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Elevates posterior part of tongue
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Levator Veli Palatini
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Action-Elevates soft palate when swallowing
Origin- Temporal bone Insertion- Soft palate |
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Tensor Veli Palatini
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Action- Tense soft palate; opens auditory tube when swallowing or yawning
Origin- Sphenoid bone-auditory tube Insertion- Soft palate |
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Constrictor Muscles= Superior, Middle, & inferior
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Constricts pharynx= Deglutition (swallowing)
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Palatopharyngeus
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Action-Elevates pharynx & larynx
Origin- Soft palate Insertion- Pharynx |
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Salpingopharyngeus
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Action-Elevates pharynx & larynx
Origin- Auditory tube Insertion- Pharynx |
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Stylopharyngeus
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Action- Elevates pharynx & larynx
Origin- Styloid process Insertion- Pharynx |
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Digastric
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Depresses mandible; elevates hyoid bone
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Geniohyoid
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Elevates hyoid bone
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Mylohyoid
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Elevates hyoid bone; elevates floor of mouth
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Stylohyoid
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Elevates hyoid hone
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Omohyoid
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Depresses hyoid bone; fixes hyoid during opeing of mouth
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Sternohyoid
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Depresses hyoid bone
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Sternothyroid
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Depresses thyroid cartilage of larynx
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Thyrohyoid
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Depresses hyoid bone and elevates thyroid cartilage of larynx
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Action- Unilateral action: lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side. Bilateral action: flexes neck
Origin- Manubrium & sternal end of clavicle Insertion- Mastoid process |
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Scalene Muscles
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Action- Elevate 1st and 2nd rib during forced inhalation
Origin- Transverse process of cervical vertebrae Insertion- Superior surface of ribs 1 & 2 |
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Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis
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Unilateral action: turns head to same side
Bilateral action: extends head/neck |
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Erector Spinae Iliocostalis
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Extends neck & vertebral column; maintains posture
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Erector Spinae Longissimus
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Extends neck & vertebral column and rotates head; maintains posture
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Erector Spinae Spinalis
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Extends neck & vertebral column; maintains posture
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Quadratus Lumborum
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Bilateral action: extends vertebral column
Unilateral action: laterally flexes vertebral column |
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External Intercostals
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Action- Elevates ribs during inhalation
Origin- Inferior border of superior rib Insertion- Superior border of inferior rib |
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Internal Intercostals
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Action- Depresses ribs during forced exhalation
Origin- Superior border of inferior rib Insertion- Inferior border of superior rib |
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Transversus Thoracis
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Depresses ribs during forced exhalation
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Diaphragm
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Action- Flattens when contracted= expands thoracic cavity= inspiration
Insertion- Central tendon |
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External Oblique
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Bilateral Action: flexes vertebral colum & compresses abdominal wal
Unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column; rotation of vertebral column to opposite side |
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Internal Oblique
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Bilateral action: flexes vertebral column & compresses abdominal wal
Unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column; rotation of vertebral column to opposite side |
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Transversus Abdominis
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Bilateral action: flexes vertebral column & compresses abdominal wall
Unilateral action: lateral flextion of vertebral column |
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Rectus Abdominis
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Flexes vertebral column & compresses abdominal wall
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Coccygeus
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Forms pelvic floor & supports pelvic viscera
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External Anal Sphincter
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Closes anal opening (must relax to defecate)
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Levator Ani= Iliococcygeus & Pubococcygeus
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Forms pelvic floor & supports pelvic viscera
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Bulbospongiosus
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Females: narrows vaginal opening; compresses & stiffens clitoris
Males: ejects urine or semen; compresses base of penis; stiffens penis |
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Ischiocavernosus
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Assists erection of penis or clitoris
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Transverse Perineal Muscle
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Supports pelvic organs
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Relationship between joint mobility and joint stability
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The more mobile, the less stable
The more stable, the less mobile |
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What are the two classifications of joints
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Structure and Function
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Structure (joint classification)
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based on the type of connective tissue involved in the binding of the 2 bones
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Function (joint classification)
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based on the relative degree of mobility between the 2 bones
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Three types of joints based on function= mobility
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Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
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Synarthrosis
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an immobile joint
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Amphiarthrosis
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a slightly mobile joint
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Diarthrosis
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a freely mobile joint
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Three types of joints based on structure= connective tissue involved
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Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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Fibrous
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bones held together by dense regular connective tissue
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Cartilaginous
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bones held together by cartilage
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Synovial
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bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity which is enclosed by a capsule and stabilized by ligaments
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Fibrous Joints
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Most are only slightly mobile.
Three types are: Gomphosis, Suture, and Syndesmosis |
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Gomphosis (Fibrous joint)
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Teeth with mandible and maxilla
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Suture (Fibrous joint)
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Between bones of the skull
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Syndesmosis (Fibrous joint)
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Bones joined by long strands of connective tissue such as between radius and ulna; aka interosseous membrane
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Cartilaginous Joints
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Bones are attached directly by cartilage
Two types are: Synchondroses and Symphyses |
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Synchondroses
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immobile joints with bones joined by hyaline cartilage; costochondral joints & epiphyseal plate
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Symphyses
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slight mobility with a pad of fibrocartilage between articulating bones; intervertebral disc & pubic symphysis
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
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Location: Superficial Anterior Muscles
Action: Flexes wrist & abducts hand |
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Palmaris Longus
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Location: Superficial Anterior Muscles
Action: Weak wrist flexor |
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
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Location: Superficial Anterior Muscles
Action: Flexes wrist & adducts hand |
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
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Location: Intermediate Anterior Muscles
Action: Flexes wrist, 2-5 MP joints, & PIP joints |
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Flexor Pollicis Longus
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Location: Deep Anterior Muscles
Action: Flexes MP & IP joint of thumb; weakly flexes wrist |
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus
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Location: Deep Anterior Muscles
Action: Flexes wrist, 2-5 MP joints, PIP joints, & DIP joints |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
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Location: Superficial Posterior Muscles
Action: Extends wrist & abducts hand |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
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Location: Superficial Posterior Muscles
Action: Extends wrist & abducts hand |
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Extensor Digitorum
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Location: Superficial Posterior Muscles
Action: Extends wrist, extends 2-5 MP joints, PIP joints & DIP joints |
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Extensor Digiti Minimi
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Location: Superficial Posterior Muscles
Action: Extends wrist, MP, and PIP joints of finger 5 |
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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Location: Superficial Posterior Muscles
Action:Extends wrist & adducts hand |
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Abductor Pollicis Longus
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Location: Deep Posterior Muscles
Action: Abducts thumb & weakly extends wrist |
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis
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Location: Deep Posterior Muscles
Action: Extends MP joints of thumb & weakly extends wrist |
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Extensor Pollicis Longus
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Location: Deep Posterior Muscles
Action: Extends MP & IP joints of thumb & weakly extends wrist |
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Extensor Indicis
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Location: Deep Posterior Muscles
Action: Extends MP, PIP & DIP joints of finger 2; weakly extends wrist |
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Flexor Pollicis Brevis
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Location: Thenar Group
Action: Flexes thumb |
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Abductor Pollicis Brevis
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Location: Thenar Group
Action: Abducts thumb |
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Opponens Pollicis
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Location: Thenar Group
Action: Opposition of thumb |
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Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
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Location: Hypothenar Group
Action: Flexes finger 5 |
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Abductor Digiti Minimi
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Location: Hypothenar Group
Action: Abducts finger 5 |
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Opponens Digiti Minimi
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Location: Hypothenar Group
Action: Oppositon of finger 5 |
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Lumbricals
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Location: Midpalmar Group
Action: Flexes 2-5 MP joints & extends PIP & DIP joints |
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Dorsal Interossei
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Location: Midpalmar Group
Action: Abducts fingers 2-5; flexes MP joints 2-5; extends PIP & DIP joints |
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Palmar Interossei
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Location: Midpalmar Group
Action: Adducts fingers 2-5; flexes MP joints 2-5; extends PIP & DIP joints |
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Adductor Pollicis
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Location: Midpalmar Group
Action: Adducts thumb |
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Pectoralis Minor
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Location: Anterior Muscles
Action: Protracts & depresses Scapula |
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Serratus Anterior
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Location: Anterior Muscles
Action: Prime Mover in scapular protaction |
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Subclavius
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Location: Anterior Muscles
Action: Stabilize & depress clavicle |
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Levator Scapulae
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Location: Posterior Muscles
Action: Elevates scapula |
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Rhomboid Major
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Location: Posterior Muscles
Action: Elevate & retract scapula |
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Rhomboid Minor
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Location: Posterior Muscles
Action: Elevate & retract scapula |
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Trapezius
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Location: Posterior Muscles
Action: Elevate, superiorly rotate, retract & depress scapula |
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Origin: Axial Skeleton
Action: Prime mover of arm extension= "swimmer's muscle" |
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Pectoralis Major
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Origin: Axial Skeleton
Action: Prime mover of arm flexion |
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Deltoid
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Prime mover of arm abduction |
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Coracobrachialis
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Adducts & flexes arm |
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Triceps Brachii (Long Head)
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Extends & adducts arm |
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Biceps Brachii (Long Head)
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Extends & adducts arm |
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Teres Major
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Extends & adducts arm |
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Teres Minor
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Adducts & laterally rotates arm |
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Subscapularis
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Medially rotates arm |
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Supraspinatus
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Abducts arm |
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Infaspinatus
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Origin: Scapula
Action: Adducts & laterally rotates arm |
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Biceps Brachii (Short Head)
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Location: Anterior Arm/Flexors
Action: Flexes forearm Powerful supinator of forearm |
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Brachialis
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Location: Anterior Arm/Flexors
Action: Primary flexor of forearm |
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Brachioradialis
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Location: Anterior Arm/Flexors
Action: Flexes forearm |
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Triceps Brachii
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Location: Posterior Arm/Extensors
Action: Primary extensor of forearm |
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Anconeus
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Location: Posterior Arm/Extensors
Action: Extends forearm |
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Pronator Quadratus
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Location: Anterior Forearm/Pronators
Action: Pronates forearm |
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Pronator Teres
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Location: Anterior Forearm/Pronators
Action: Pronates forearm |
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Supinator
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Location: Posterior Forearm/Supinator
Action: Supinates forearm |
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
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Location: Anterior compartment
Action: Extends toes 2-5; dorsiflexes foot |
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
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Location Anterior compartment
Action: Extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot |
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Fibularis Tertius
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Location: Anterior compartment
Action: Dorsiflexes & weakly everts foot |
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Tibialis Anterior
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Location: Anterior compartment
Action: Dorsiflexes & inverts foot |
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Fibularis Longus
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Location: Lateral Compartment
Action: Everts foot; weak plantar flexor |
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Fibularis Brevis
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Location: Lateral Compartment
Action: Everts foot; weak plantar flexor |
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Gastrocnemius
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Location: Superficial Posterior Compartment
Action: Flexes leg; plantar flexes foot |
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Soleus
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Location: Superficial Posterior Compartment
Action: Plantar flexes foot |
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Plantaris
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Location: Superficial Posterior Compartment
Action: Weak leg flexor; plantar flexor |
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Flexor Digitorum Longus
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Location: Deep Posterior Compartment
Action: Plantar flexes foot; flexes MP, PIP, and DIP joints of toes 2-5 |
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Flexor Hallucis Longus
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Location: Deep Posterior Compartment
Action: Plantar flexes foot; flexes MP and IP joints of great toe |
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Tibialis Posterior
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Location: Deep Posterior Compartment
Action: Plantar flexes foot; inverts foot |
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Popliteus
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Location: Deep Posterior Compartment
Action: Flexes leg; medially rotates tibia to unlock knee ("pops" knee) |
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Psoas Major
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Location: Anterior Thigh Muscles
Action: Flexes thigh |
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Iliacus
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Location: Anterior Thigh Muscles
Action: Flexes thigh |
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Sartorius
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Location: Anterior Thigh Muscles
Action: Flexes thigh & rotates thigh laterally; flexes leg & rotates leg medially |
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Rectus Femoris
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Location: Anterior Thigh Muscles
Action: Flexes thigh & extends leg |
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Adductor longus
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Location: Medial Thigh Muscles
Action: Adducts & flexes thigh |
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Adductor Brevis
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Location: Medial Thigh Muscles
Action: Adducts & flexes thigh |
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Gracilis
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Location: Medial Thigh Muscles
Action: Adducts & flexes thigh; flexes leg |
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Pectineus
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Location: Medial Thigh Muscles
Action: Adducts & flexes thigh |
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Adductor Magnus
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Location: Medial Thigh Muscles
Action: Adducts & flexes thigh; extends and laterally rotates thigh |
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Obturator Externus
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Location: Medial Thigh Muscles
Action: Laterally rotates thigh |
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Tensor Fasciae Latae
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Location: Lateral Thigh Muscles
Action: Abducts & medially rotates thigh |
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Gluteus Maximus
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Location: Gluteal Group
Action: Extends thigh; laterally rotates thigh |
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Gluteus Medius
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Location: Gluteal Group
Action: Abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh |
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Gluteus Minimus
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Location: Gluteal Group
Action: Abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh |
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Piriformis
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Location: Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region
Action: Laterally rotates thigh |
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Superior Gemellus
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Location: Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region
Action: Laterally rotates thigh |
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Inferior Gemellus
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Location: Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region
Action: Laterally rotates thigh |
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Obturator Internus
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Location: Deep Muscles of Glueteal Region
Action: Laterally rotates thigh |
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Quadratus Femoris
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Location: Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region
Action: Laterally rotates thigh |
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Biceps Femoris
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Location: Posterior Thigh Muscles (Hamstrings)
Action: Extends thigh & flexes leg; laterally rotates leg |
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Semimembranosus
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Location: Posterior Thigh Muscles
Action: Extends thigh & flexes leg; medially rotates leg |
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Semitendinosus
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Location: Posterior Thigh Muscles
Action: Extends thigh & flexes leg; medially rotates leg |
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Prime Movers that Abduct the Arm?
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Deltoid
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Prime Movers that Adduct the Arm?
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Latissimus Dorsi & Pectoralis Major
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Prime Movers that Extend the Arm?
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Latissimus Dorsi & Deltoid
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Prime Movers that Flex the Arm?
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Pectoralis Major & Deltoid
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Prime Movers that Laterally Rotate the Arm?
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Infraspinatus & Teres Minor
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Prime Movers that Medially Rotate the Arm?
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Subscapularis
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Prime Movers that Extend the Forearm?
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Triceps Brachii
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Prime Movers that Flex Forearm?
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Brachialis
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Prime Movers that Pronate Forearm?
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Pronator Teres & Pronator Quadratus
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Prime Movers that Supinate Forearm?
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Biceps Brachii
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Prime Mover that Extend Wrist?
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Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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Prime Mover that Flex Wrist?
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Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Profundus & Superficialis
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Prime Movers that Abduct Hand?
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Flexor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis
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Prime Movers that Adduct Hand?
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Extensor & Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
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Prime Movers that Abduct Fingers?
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Dorsal Interossei; Abductor Pollicis Longus & Brevis; Abductor Digiti Minimi
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Prime Movers that Adduct Fingers?
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Palmar Interossei; Adductor Policis
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Prime Movers that Extend IP Joint?
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Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis, Extensor Pollicis Brevis & Longus, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Lumbricals, Dorsal & Palmar Interossei
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Prime Movers that Flex IP joint?
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus & Superficialis, Flexor Pollicis Longus & Brevis, Flexor Digiti Minimi
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Prime Movers that Abduct the Thigh?
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Gluteus Medius & Minimus; Tensor Fascia Latae
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Prime Movers that Adduct the Thigh?
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Adductors; Gracilis; Pectineus
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Prime Movers that Extend the Thigh?
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Gluteus Maximus
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Prime Movers that Flex the Thigh?
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Iliopsoas
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Prime Movers that Laterally Rotate the Thigh?
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Gluteus maximus, Sartorius, Obturator Externus & Internus, Piriformis, Superior & Inferior Gemellus, Quadratus Femoris
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Prime Movers that Medially Rotate the Thigh?
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Gluteus Medius & Minimus; Tensor Fasciae Latae
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Prime Movers that Extend the Leg?
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Quadriceps Femoris
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Prime Movers that Flex the Leg?
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Sartorius, Gracilis Adductors, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius & Popliteus
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Prime Movers that Dorsiflex the foot?
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Tibialis Anterior
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Prime Movers that Plantar Flex Foot?
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Gastrocnemius & Soleus
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Prime Movers that Invert the Foot?
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Tibialis Posterior & Anterior
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Prime Movers that Evert the Foot?
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Fibularis Longus & Brevis
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Ligaments
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Connect one bone to another bone
They strengthen and reinforce most synovial membranes |
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Bursa
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Saclike structure found around the outside of most synovial membraces
Synovial fluid-filled structures that reduce friction between where ligaments, muscles, tendons and bones rub together |
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Tendon Sheath
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Elongated burse wrapping around a tendon particularly found in confined areas (wrist and ankle) where many tendons rub up against each other
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Synovial joints
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All synovial joints are diarthrosis. Based on type of movement, there are six types of joints: Plane joint, Hinge joint, Pivot joint, Condylar joint, Saddle joint, Ball-and -socket joint
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Rotation
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Movement of a part around its axis
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Flexion
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The angle between articulating bones decreases; usually occurs in the sagittal plane
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Extension
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The angle between articulating bones increases; usually occurs in the sagittal plane
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Hyperextension
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Extension movement continues past the anatomic positon
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Lateral flexion
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The vertebral column moves in either lateral direction along a coronal plane
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Abduction
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Movement of a bone away from the midline; usually in the coronal plane
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Adduction
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Movement of a bone toward the midline; usually in the coronal plane
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Circumduction
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A continuous movement that combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession; the distal end of the limb or digit moves in a circle
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Pronation
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Rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned posteriorly
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Supination
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Rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned anteriorly
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Depression
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Movement of a body part inferiorly
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Elevation
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Movement of a body part superiorly
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Dorsiflexion
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Ankle joint movement whereby the dorsum of the foot is brought closer to the anterior surface of the leg
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Plantar flexion
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Ankle joint movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought closer to the posterior surface of the leg
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Inversion
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Twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole medially or inward
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Eversion
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Twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole laterally or outward
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Protraction
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Anterior movement of a body part from anatomic position
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Retraction
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Posterior movement of a body part from anatomic position
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What are the four unique characteristics of muscle tissue?
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Excitability
Contractility Elasticity Extensibility |
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Excitability
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Outside stimuli can initiate electrical changes in the muscle fiber (cell) leading to contraction of that muscle fiber (cell)
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Contractility
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Stimulation of muscle fiber can lead to contraction or shortening of the muscle fiber
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Elasticity
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A muscle fiber's ability to return to its original length when the tension of contraction is released
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Extensibility
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The ability of a muscle fiber to be stretched beyond its relaxed length
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Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
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Body movement
Maintenance of posture Temperature regulation Storage and movement of materials Support |
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Order of Skeletal Muscle Structural Organization
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Muscle -> Fascicles -> Muscle fiber -> Myofibrils-> Myofilaments -> Actin and Myosin
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Origin
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The point of attachment to the bone that doesn't move
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Insertion
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The point of attachment to the bone that does move
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Tendon
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Cord of dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
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Aponeurosis
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Fibrous sheet or flat, expanded tendon
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Synergist
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Structure, muscle, agent, or process that aids the action of another
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Agonist
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Muscle that contracts to produce a particular movement; also called prime mover.
For instance, the biceps brachii is an agonist that causes flexion of the elbow joint |
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Antagonist
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Muscle that opposes or resists the action of another. The triceps brachii would be an antagonist to the biceps brachii
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Four organizational patterns in fascicles
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Circular
Convergent Parallel Pennate |
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Circular Muscles
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The muscle fibers in circular muscle are concentrically arranged around an opening or recess
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Parallel Muscles
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The fascicles in a parallel muscle run parallel to its long axis
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Convergent Muscles
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A convergent muscle has widespread muscle fibers that converge on a common attachment site
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Pennate Muscles
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Pennate Muscles are so named because their tendons and muscle fibers resemble a large feather. Pennate muscles have one or more tendons extending through their body
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Layers of Connective Tissue
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Endomysium
Perimysium Epimysium Deep and Superficial fascia |
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Endomysium
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The innermost layer that surrounds an electrically insulates each muscle fiber
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Perimysium
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Surrounds individual fascicles
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Epimysium
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Surrounds the entire muscle
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Deep and Superficial fascia
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Surround each muscle and separate muscle from each other
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What is the common innervation, origin and insertion of most muscles of facial expression?
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These muscles have their origin in the superficial fascia or on the skull and their insertion in the superficial fascial of the skin.
Most of these muscles are innervated by cranial nerve (CN VII) |
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Which muscle of facial expression is innervated by CN III (Oculomotor nerve)?
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Levator Palpebrae Superioris (CN III)
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What is the common origin of the extrinsic eye muscle?
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Originate from a common tendinous ring in the posterior orbit
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To which layer of the eyeball do the extrinsic eye muscles insert?
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Insert onto the anterior sclera (outer surface) of the eye
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What are the innervations of the extrinsic eye muscles?
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Medial Rectus, Inferior rectus, Superior rectus, and Inferior oblique are CN III (oculomotor nerve)
Lateral rectus is CN VI (abducens nerve) Superior oblique is CN IV (trochlear nerve) |
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Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
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The muscles of mastication are innervated by the mandibular division of CN V (trigeminal nerve)
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Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles that move the tongue?
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Most muscles innervated by the CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
The exception is the Palatoglossus which is innervated by CN X (vagus nerve) |
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Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx?
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Most of these muscles are innervated by CN X (vagus nerve)
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Neck extension
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= extension of the cervical portion of the vertebral column
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In which direction do the fibers of the 4 muscles of the abdominal wall run?
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External oblique= most superficial lateral muscle directed inferomedial
Internal oblique= middle of the three lateral muscles, directed superomedial Transversus abdominis= Horizontally Rectus abdominis= Vertically |
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In which direction do the fibers of the intercostals (external & internal) run?
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External intercostals- "hands in pockets"= fibers run infromedially from superior rib to inferior rib
Internal intercostals- fibers run superomedially from inferior rib to superior rib |
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Axial Muscle
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Have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton
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Mastication
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refers to the process of chewing
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Appendicular muscle
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Any of the skeletal muscles of the limbs
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Suprahyoid muscle
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muscles which are superior to the hyoid bone
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Infrahyoid muscle
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muscles which are inferior to the hyoid bone
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Rectus sheath
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The rectus abdominis is enclosed within a fibrous sleeve called the rectus sheath, which is formed from the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles
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Linea alba
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The left and right rectus sheaths are connected by a vertical fibrous strip termed the linea alba
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Inguinal ligament
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A strong cordlike ligament that extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
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Innervate
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To supply an organ or body part with nerves
To stimulate a nerve, muscle, or body part to action |
