Anatomy Exam 2 - Week 3 (Continued)

Front 1

list the 7 muscle groups of the pelvic limb, based on their locations and functions

Back 1

caudal, medial, and cranial muscles of the thigh, muscles of the rump, caudal muscles of the hip, craniolateral muscles of the crus, and caudal muscles of the crus

Front 2

caudal muscles of the thigh

Back 2

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosis

Front 3

general function of caudal muscles of the thigh

Back 3

to extend the coxal joint

Front 4

medial muscles of the thigh

Back 4

sartorius, gracilis, pectineus, adductor

Front 5

general function of the medial muscles of the thigh

Back 5

to adduct the pelvic limb

Front 6

muscles of the rump

Back 6

tensor fasciae latae, superficial gluteal, middle gluteal, deep gluteal, piriformis

Front 7

general functions of the the muscles of the rump

Back 7

to extend the coxal joint (except for the tensor fasciae latae)

Front 8

caudal muscles of the hip

Back 8

internal obturator, gemelli, quadratus femoris, external obturator

Front 9

general functions of the caudal muscles of the hip

Back 9

to rotate the limb laterally

Front 10

cranial muscles of the thigh

Back 10

quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas

Front 11

general functions of the cranial muscles of the thigh

Back 11

to flex the coxal joint

Front 12

craniolateral muscles of the crus

Back 12

cranial tibial, long digital extensor, peroneus (fibularis) longus

Front 13

general functions of the craniolateral muscles of the crus

Back 13

to flex the tarsal joints (some extend the digital joints)

Front 14

caudal muscles of the crus

Back 14

gastrocnemius, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, popliteus

Front 15

general functions of the caudal muscles of the crus

Back 15

to extend the tarsal joints (some flex the digital joints)

Front 16

quadriceps femoris heads

Back 16

heads - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

Front 17

quadriceps femoris

Back 17

O - ilium (rectus femoris), proximal femur (other heads)
I - tibial tuberosity
A - extend the genual joint (most powerful extensor here), flex the coxal joint (only rectus femoris)

Front 18

iliopsoas is a fusion of...

Back 18

the iliacus and psoas major mm.

Front 19

iliopsoas

Back 19

O - ilium (iliacus) and lumbar vertebrae (psoas major)
I - lesser trochanter of the femur
A - flex the coxal joint; rotate the limb laterally (supination)

Front 20

cranial tibial

Back 20

O - lateral aspect of the proximal tibia
I - plantaroproximal metatarsal bones I and II (covered by synovial sheath over tarsus flexor surface)
A - flex the tarsal joints

Front 21

long digital extensor

Back 21

O - extensor fossa of femur (covered by a portion of the genual joint capsul)
I - extensor process of distal phalanges
A - extend digital joints, flex tarsal joints, extend genual joint (minimally)

Front 22

lateral digital extensor

Back 22

O - proximal fibula
I - phalanges of lateral digits
A - extend the lateral digital joints, flex the tarsal joints

Front 23

fibularis (peroneus) longus

Back 23

O - lateral condyle of the tibia and proximal fibula
I - plantaroproximal metatarsal bones
A - flex the tarsal joints

Front 24

gastrocnemius

Back 24

O - caudodistal femur
I - tuber calcanei
A - extend the tarsal joints, flex the genual joint

Front 25

soleus (not seen in canine)

Back 25

O - head of fibula
I - tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius
A - assist the gastrocnemius in extension of tarsal joints

Front 26

superficial digital flexor

Back 26

O - lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur
I - tuber calcanei and plantaroproximal aspects of middle phalanges (tendon crosses over gastrocnemius tendor prior to tuber calcanei)
A - extend tarsal joints, flex digital joints (except DIP joints), flex genual joint (minimally)

Front 27

deep digital flexor heads

Back 27

lateral and medial

Front 28

deep digital flexor

Back 28

O - caudal aspect of tibia and fibula
I - distal phalanges, plantar aspect (lateral digital flexor tendon bound over sustentaculum tali by flexor retinaculum; tendons of lateral and medial digital flexor heads join at the level of distal tarsal bones)
A - flex the digital joints, extend the tarsal joints

Front 29

popliteus

Back 29

O - popliteal fossa of femur
I - proximal caudal aspect of tibia
A - rotate the leg medially and flex the genual joint

Front 30

muscles of the pes

Back 30

short digital extensor (dorsal aspect of tarsus and metatarsus) and interosseus

Front 31

the patella articulates with...

Back 31

the trochlea of the femur

Front 32

the patella is located in the tendon of...

Back 32

insertion of the quadriceps femoris

Front 33

the patella functions to

Back 33

protect the tendon and joint; redirect the tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris

Front 34

patellar ligament location

Back 34

extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Front 35

crural extensor retinaculum

Back 35

oblique thickening of the deep crural fascia; stretches from the distal fibula to the medial malleolus of the tibia; acts to bind tendons of long digital extensor and cranial tibial

Front 36

tarsal extensor retinaculum

Back 36

fibrous loop that attaches to calcaneus and wraps around the tendon of the long digital extensor; holds the tendon of the long digital extensor as it passes over the dorsal surface of the tarsal bones

Front 37

flexor retinaculum

Back 37

fibrous loop that holds the tendon of the lateral head of the deep digital flexor in the groove over the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus (plantar surface)

Front 38

ligament groups associated with the femorotibial joint portion of the genual joint

Back 38

meniscotibial ligaments, other meniscal ligaments, and femorotibial ligaments

Front 39

meniscotibial ligaments' functions

Back 39

act to tact corners of the meniscus to the tibia and prevent menisci movement in the joint

Front 40

meniscotibial ligaments

Back 40

cranial tibial ligaments of lateral and medial menisci, caudal tibial ligaments of the lateral and medial menisci

Front 41

ligaments from the lateral meniscus run...

Back 41

caudally

Front 42

ligaments from the medial meniscus run...

Back 42

cranially

Front 43

"other" meniscal ligaments

Back 43

transverse and meniscofemoral ligaments

Front 44

femorotibial ligaments

Back 44

medial and lateral collateral ligaments, cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments

Front 45

cruciate ligament functions

Back 45

allow flexion and extension of the stifle while preventing cranial and caudal displacement

Front 46

drawer sign

Back 46

indicates torn cruciate ligament(s)

Front 47

rotational stability in the stifle is due to...

Back 47

collateral and cruciate ligaments (femorotibial ligaments)

Front 48

the ______ cruciate ligament is most commonly ruptured

Back 48

cranial

Front 49

the _______ collateral ligament is most commonly ruptured

Back 49

medial

Front 50

finger placements to test drawer signs

Back 50

L hand - index finger on patella and thumb on lateral condyle of femur (this hand is stationary)
R hand - index finger on tibial tuberosity and thumb on head of fibular

Front 51

tibial thrust

Back 51

actively twisting tarsal joints and the tibial tuberosity will shift cranially (indicates a torn cranial cruciate ligament

Front 52

cartilage in menisci

Back 52

semilunar fibrocartilage

Front 53

functions of menisci

Back 53

establish congruency of joint and shock absorption

Front 54

to remove the lateral menisci...

Back 54

the meniscofemoral ligament would have to be excised

Front 55

to remove the medial menisci...

Back 55

the medial collateral ligament would have to be excised or scraped away