Anatomy Exam 2: Arm And Cubital Fossa

Front 1

What is the arm? the forearm?

Back 1

Arm = brachial, from shoulder to elbow
Forearm = antebrachial, Elbow to wrist

Front 2

What is the distal continuation of the musculocutaneous n?

Back 2

Lateral cutaneous n. of the forearm

Front 3

What cutaneous n comes directly from the brachial plexus?

Back 3

Medial cutaneous n of the arm and forearm

Front 4

What is the major branch off of the brachial a.?

Back 4

Profunda brachii a.

Front 5

What are the terminal branches of the brachial a?

Back 5

Radial and ulnar aa.

Front 6

Where should you never ligate the brachial a?

Back 6

Between the subscapular and profunda brachii b/c there is no collateral circulation here, no other blood supply to area.

*should be ligated distally to profunda brachii

Front 7

What typically gives off the interosseous a?

Back 7

Ulnar a.

Front 8

Where do the cephalic and basilic vv run and what do they merge from?

Back 8

Cephalic - runs laterally (thumb side) down upper extremity
Basilic - runs medially down upper extremity
merge from the axillary v

Front 9

What does the median cubital v often connect?

What is it usually used for?

Back 9

Cephalic and basilic vv on the superficial fascia overlying the cubital fossa (superficial veins of elbow)

used for venipuncture

Front 10

What nerves run next to the cephalic and basilic veins?

Back 10

cephalic- lateral cutaneous n of forearm
basilic- medial cutaneous n of forearm

Front 11

What runs deep in the arm and terminates at the axillary artery?

Back 11

Brachial vv

Front 12

Where do the following lymphatics drain?
Superifical of the lateral arm and forearm
Medial arm & forearm + deep lymphatics of the arm
Some from the medial forearm & hand?

Back 12

i. infraclavicular nodes
ii. lateral axillary nodes
iii. 1st to supratrochlear nodes then lateral axillary nodes

Front 13

What nerve supplies all muscles of anterior compartment of the arm?

Back 13

Musculocutaneous C5,6,7

Front 14

What n. supplies all muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Back 14

Radial C5,6,7,8 T1

Front 15

Which nerves have no branches in the arm?

Back 15

Median and ulnar n.

Front 16

Which muscles in the arm are flexors? Extensors? where are most nerves located?

Back 16

Flexors - anterior muscles
Extensors - Posterior muscles
Most nerves are medial

Front 17

How many anterior muscles are there? Posterior muscles?

Back 17

Anterior - 3 muscles & musculocutaneous n.
Posterior - 1 muscle 3 heads, 2nd minor muscle - radial n

Front 18

What does the musculocutaneous n supply?

injury results in ___________

Back 18

Dermatome on the forearm, and the biceps brachii, coracobrachailis, brachialis

inability to flex arm

Front 19

What a. does the radial n. travel with?

Back 19

Profnda brachi a.

Front 20

Where is the radial nerve located, and what might happen if the humerus breaks?

Back 20

Sits almost on top of the shaft of the humerus. Most likely to be damaged in a break

Front 21

What is the origin, insertion, Action and nerve of the biceps brachii?

Back 21

O: Long head - supraglenoid tubercle, short head - coracoid process.
I: radial tuberosity & biciptial aponeurosis (antebrachial fascia).
A: flex forearm/arm, supinate flexed forearm, stabilize shoulder joint.
N: Musculocutaneous C5-7

Front 22

What is the origin, insertion, Action and nerve of the coracobrachialis?

Back 22

O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Middle 1/3 of humerus.
A: flex and adduct arm, resist dislocation of shoulder
N: Musculocutaneous C5-7

Front 23

What is the origin, insertion, Action and nerve of the Brachialis?

Back 23

O: Distal 1/2 of anterior humerus.
I: Coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna.
A: Flex forearm. main arm flexor
N: Musculocutaneous C5-7

Front 24

What are the three anterior flexor muscles of the arm?

All three are innervated by ________________

Back 24

Biceps Brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

Front 25

What is the posterior extensor muscle of the arm?

Back 25

Triceps Brachii

Front 26

What is the origin, insertion of the triceps Brachii

Back 26

O: Long head infraglenoid tubercle,
Lateral head - posterior humeral shaft and superior radial groove and lateral,
Medial head - posterior humeral shaft and inferior radial groove.
I: Olecranion of ulna

Front 27

What is the Action and N. of the triceps brachii?

Back 27

A: Extend forearm; extension and adduction of arm. Radial C5-T1

Front 28

What is the cubital fossa and what are its borders?

Back 28

Cubital fossa is a triangular space anterior to the elbow.
Boundaries: Base of triangle - imaginary line between epicondyles (intracondylar line). Medially - pronator teres m, laterally - brachioradialis m. Floor - brachialis and supinator mm. Roof - brachial and antebrachial fascia, bicipital aponeurosis

Front 29

What causes "nursemaid's elbow" or "pulled elbow"?

Back 29

subluxation and dislocation of the radial head, caused when the pronated forearm is pulled upward by the hand suddenly, force causes underdeveloped radial head to subluxate from lax anular ligament (i.e parent pulls young female straight up by hands)

Front 30

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Back 30

lateral --> Medial (tan)
biceps brachii Tendon--> brachial vein & Artery--> median Nerve

-also bicipital aponeurosis, radial and ulnar arteries (divisions of brachial artery), radial nerve (divides into superficial and deep)

Front 31

The bicipital aponeurosis leaves the bicep brachii tendon and blends with antebrachial fascia. What is it's function?

Back 31

bicipital aponeurosis protects brachial artery and median nerve

Front 32

What nerve runs along the surgical neck?

What is this a common site for?

Back 32

Axillary n.

humeral fracture

Front 33

What nerve runs along the humeral shaft?

Back 33

Radial n.

Front 34

What nerve runs along the Distal humerus?

Back 34

Median n.

Front 35

What nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle, where it is vulnerable to injury of being bumped (funny bone) or in a fracture?

Back 35

Ulnar n.

Front 36

What is a possible issue of drawing blood from the cubital fossa?

Back 36

A superficial ulnar a. that might spurt out, be painful, or send medicine the wrong direction

Front 37

Where do you listen when taking blood pressure?

Back 37

brachial pulse in the cubital fossa

Front 38

What is a sail sign at the elbow mean?

Back 38

Means the fat pads are displaced outward, indicates joint effusion

Front 39

What can a supracondylar spur entrap, and what does this entrapment seem like?

Back 39

Entraps the median n. looks like carpal tunnel. A small piece of bone projecting from distal humerus

Front 40

What can fluid in a joint be indicative of?

Back 40

Subtle fracture

Front 41

What tendon is used to test C5,6 nerves

Back 41

Biceps brachii tendon

Front 42

What is damage of the capitulum specific to?

Back 42

certain sports - baseball

Front 43

Why does the intercostobrachial nerve serve as a pathway for referred pain from the heart to the medial arm?

Back 43

because T1 and T2 spinal segments receive afferent input from both the heart and the skin of the medial arm

Front 44

As in other instances where a nerve passes through a muscle, _________nerve is at risk for compression due to muscle hypertrophy, inflammation, or fibrosis of the pronator teres muscle (pronator teres syndrome)

Back 44

median nerve

Front 45

The radial nerve lies directly against bone along the radial groove of the humerus, where it is at risk for injury due to what?

Back 45

a fracture of the middle third (midshaft) of the humerus

Front 46

A midshaft fracture of the humerus leads to what?
Why does it not eliminate elbow extension by the triceps brachii?

Back 46

wrist drop, inability to extend wrist

the branches that innervate the long and medial head of the tricep leave the radial nerve before the radial groove.

Front 47

Every 2 degrees of glenohumeral motion(abduction/flexion of arm) results in 1 degree of __________________

Back 47

scapular rotation
(scapulohumeral rhythm)

Front 48

Muscles involved in flexion of the arm

Back 48

deltoid (anterior fibers)
coracobrachialis
pectoralis major (clavicular head)
biceps brachii (short head)

Front 49

Muscles involved in extension of the arm

Back 49

deltoid (posterior fibers)
triceps (long head)
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major (sternal head)
teres major

Front 50

Muscle involved in abduction of the arm

Back 50

supraspinatus
deltoid (middle fibers)
serratus anterior
trapezius

Front 51

Muscles involved in adduction of the arm

Back 51

latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major (sternal & clavicular head)
teres major
triceps (long head)
subscapularis

Front 52

Muscles involved in internal rotation of the arm

Back 52

subscapularis
pectoralis major (sternal & clavicular head)
teres major
latissimus dorsi
deltoid (anterior fibers)

Front 53

Muscles involved in external rotation of the arm?

Back 53

infraspinatus
teres minor
deltoid (posterior fibers)

Front 54

the glenohumeral joint has a capsule reinforced by what three ligaments?

Back 54

coracohumeral ligament
glenohumeral ligament
transverse humeral ligament

Front 55

The glenohumeral joint is also reinforced superiorly by the coracoacromial arch which prevents what?

Back 55

prevents superior dislocation of the head of the humerus

Front 56

The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii most commonly becomes avulsed from what?
What happens as a result?

Back 56

supraglenoid tubercle

detached muscle belly forms a ball near the distal part of arm

Front 57

The posterior compartment is made up of what 2 muscles?
innervated by?
supplied by?

Back 57

triceps brachii and aconeus

radial nerve

profunda brachii artery

Front 58

What forms the triangular interval?
What passes through it?

Back 58

formed by the lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii, shaft of humerus, inferior margin of teres major

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery pass through it

Front 59

What can be injured from prolonged use of crutches or in "saturday night palsy"?

Back 59

radial nerve

Front 60

orgin, insertion, and function of anconeus?

Back 60

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon of ulna
Function: assists triceps brachii in extension of forearm, abducts ulna during pronation

Front 61

axillary nerve provides sensory innervation to what area?

Back 61

skin overlaying shoulder

Front 62

musculocutaneous nerves provides sensory innervation where?

Back 62

lateral forearm

Front 63

radial nerve provides sensory innervation where?

Back 63

lower lateral and posterior arm, posterior forearm

Front 64

______________ carry blood from superficial to deep veins

Back 64

perforating veins

Front 65

The elbow is a complex synovial joint involving of what 3 articulations?

Back 65

1. Humero-ulnar articulation
-trochlea of humerus-trochlear notch of ulnar
(medial hinge type)(ginglymus joint)

2. Humero-radial articulation
-capitulum of humerus-radial head
(lateral hingle type)(arthroidal joint)

3. Radio-ulnar articulation
-radial head-radial notch of ulna
(lateral pivot type)(arthroidal joint)

Front 66

(hinge/pivot) joints permit flexion and extension, while (hinge/pivot) joints permit pronation and supination.

Back 66

hinge- flexion/extension
pivot-pronation/supination

Front 67

all 3 articulations are enclosed by what?

Back 67

one common synovial cavity

Front 68

The capsule of the elbow joint is reinforced by what 3 ligaments?

Back 68

ulnar collateral ligament
radial collateral ligament
anular ligament

Front 69

What is the function of the ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, and anular ligament?

Back 69

ulnar collateral ligament- supporting elbow flexion/extension medially
radial collateral ligament- supporting elbow flexion/extension
anular ligament-keeps head of radius in place and allows for pronation

Front 70

What are the 3 olecranon bursae and where do they lie?

Back 70

1. subtendinous- btwn triceps tendon and olecranon
2. intratendinous- within tricep tendon
3. subcutaneous- btwn olecranon and skin

Front 71

olecranon bursitis or "student's elbow" is caused by what?

Back 71

inflammation of the subcutaneous olecranon bursitis caused by repeated friction (i.e. resting elbow on table)

Front 72

Venipunctures for blood extractions are usually done on what vein overlying the cubital fossa?

Back 72

medial cubital vein

Front 73

The cubital fossa contains 1 tendon, 1 branching artery, and 2 nerves, what are they?

Back 73

biceps brachii tendon

brachial artery> radial artery & ulnar artery

median nerve & radial nerve

Front 74

what 4 veins overlay the cubital fossa in addition to the bicipital aponeurosis?

what 2 nerves?

Back 74

1 cephalic v
2 basilic v
3. median v of the forearm
4. median cubital v

1. lateral cut. nerve of forearm
2. medial cut. nerve of forearm

Front 75

what is the only vein on the upper extremity not accompanied by an artery?

Back 75

cephalic vein

Front 76

What happens if axillary artery circulation is cut just after subclavian artery?

Back 76

look up

Front 77

what collateral damage can a fracture of the humeral surgical neck result in?

Back 77

axillary nerve damage

Front 78

why does a CVP line utilize the subclavian vein? What is the precise point of entry?

Back 78

look up

Front 79

how does treatment of breast cancer sometimes lead to lymphedema of the upper extremity?

Back 79

look up

Front 80

The elbow collateral circulation has posterior and anterior origins. Which anterior arteries are the initial points and what do they anastomose with?

Back 80

inferior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses w/ anterior ulnar recurrent artery

superior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses w/ posterior ulnar recurrent artery

Front 81

What is the posterior artery that begins elbow collateral circulation and what does it anastomose with?

Back 81

Profunda brachii artery--> splits into middle and radial collateral arteries.
middle collateral artery anastomoses w/ the interosseous reccurent artery
radial collateral artery anastomoses w/ the radial reccurent artery