Anatomy Exam 1 Vocab

Front 1

Anatomical Position

Back 1

The position of the human body, standing erect, with face, hands and feet facing anteriorly with arms at the side of the body.
Used a the position of reference in description of site or directions of various parts.

Front 2

Medial

Back 2

toward the midline of the body

Front 3

Lateral

Back 3

Away from the midline of the body.

Front 4

Superior

Back 4

Closer to head

Front 5

Inferior

Back 5

closer to the feet

Front 6

Cranial

Back 6

At the head end

Front 7

Caudal

Back 7

At the rear or tail end

Front 8

Anterior

Ventral

Back 8

In front of
Toward the front surface

At the belly side of the body

Front 9

Posterior

Dorsal

Back 9

In back of
Toward the back surface

At the back side of the body

Front 10

Proximal

Back 10

Closest point of attachment to trunk.

Front 11

Distal

Back 11

Furthest from point of attachment to trunk

Front 12

Mid or Median sagittal and parasagittal planes

Back 12

divides the structure into right and left halves.

sagittal divides into right and left portions as well though they may or may not be equal halves.

Front 13

Transverse
or
Horizontal
or
Cross sectional plane

Back 13

Body is separated into superior and inferior halves.

Front 14

Coronal
or
Frontal Plane

Back 14

Body is separated into anterior and posterior halves.

Front 15

Superficial
or
Cutaneous

Back 15

On the outside

Front 16

Deep
or
Profunda

Back 16

On the inside, underneath another structure.

Front 17

Reflect

Back 17

cut the muscle or skin and peal it back as a single sheet by cutting it through the central portion unless instructed other wise.

Front 18

Deep Fascia

Back 18

An expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that separates individual muscles, binds together muscles with similar functions and forms sheaths to help distribute nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and to fill spaces between muscles.
AKA visceral or muscular fascia.

Front 19

Superficial fascia

Back 19

composed of areolar and adipose connective tissues that separate the muscle from the skin
AKA subcutaneous layer

Front 20

arise

Back 20

originates from

Front 21

Trapezius

Back 21

O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 to T12.
I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.
F: rotates the scapula during abduction of humerus; elevate, adduct and depress scapula.

Front 22

Lattissimus dorsi

Back 22

O: Spinous process of T12-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10-12.
I: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.
F: Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus.

Front 23

Rhomboid Major

Back 23

O: Spinous process of T2-T5.
I: Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle.
F: Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula.

Front 24

Serratus posterior inferior

Back 24

O: Spinous process of T11-L3 and supraspinous ligaments.
I: Lower border of ribs 9-12 just lateral to their angles.
F: Depresses ribs 9-12 and may prevent lower ribs from being elevated when the diaphragm contracts.

Front 25

Teres minor

Back 25

O: Upper 2/3 of a flattened strip of bone on the posterior surface of the scapula immediately adjacent to the lateral border of the scapula.
I: Inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus.
F: Lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Is a rotator cuff muscle

Front 26

Supraspinatus

Back 26

O: medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the deep fascia that covers the muscle.
I: Most superior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus.
F: Initiation of abduction of arm to 15 deg at glenohumeral joint.

Rotator Cuff Muscle

Front 27

Subscapularis

Back 27

O: Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa.
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus.
F: Medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Rotator Cuff Muscle

Front 28

Serratus anterior

Back 28

O: lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces.
I: Costal surface of medial border of scapula.
F: Protraction and rotation of the scapula; keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall.

Front 29

Splenius capitis

Back 29

O: Lower Half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T4.
I: Mastoid process, skull below lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line.
F: Draw head backwards, extending neck, draw and rotate head to one side.

Front 30

Iliocostalis (lumborum)

Back 30

O: sacrum, spinous process of lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments, and the iliac crest.
I: Angles of the lower 6 or 7 ribs.

Front 31

Iliocostalis (Thoracis)

Back 31

O: angles of the lower 6 ribs.
I: Angles of the upper 6 ribs and the transverse process of C7.

Front 32

Iliocostalis (cervicis)

Back 32

O: Angles of ribs3-6.
I: Transverse processes of C4 -C6.

Front 33

Longissimus (thoracis)

Back 33

O: Blends with iliocostalis in lumbar region and is attached to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
I:

Front 34

Longissimus (cervicis)

Back 34

O: Transverse processes of T4 or 5.
I: Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and just lateral to the tubercles of the lower 9 or 10 ribs.

Front 35

Longissimus (capitis)

Back 35

O:Transferse processes of upper 4 or 5 thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of C3 or 4.
I: Posterior margin of the mastoid process.

Front 36

Spinalis (thoracis)

Back 36

O: Spinous process of T10 or T11 to L2.
I: Spinous processes of T1-T8

Front 37

Spinalis (cervicis)

Back 37

O: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7.
I: Spinous process of C2 (axis)

Front 38

Spinalis ( capitus)

Back 38

O: Usually blends with semispinalis capitis.
I: with semispinalis capitis.

Front 39

Semispinalis (thoracis)

Back 39

O: Transverse processes of T6-T10.
I: Spinous processes of upper 4 thoracic and lower 2 cervical vertebrae.

Front 40

Semispinalis (cervicis)

Back 40

O: Transverse processes of upper 5 or 6 thoracic vert.
I: Spinous process of C2 (axis) to C5

Front 41

Semipinalis (capitis)

Back 41

O: Transverse processes of T2-T6 and C7 and articular processes of C4-6.
I: Medial area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone.

Front 42

Multifidus

Back 42

O: Sacrum, origin of erector spinae, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of lower four cervical vertebrae.
I: Base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5-C2 (axis).

Front 43

Rotatores (lumborum)

Back 43

O:Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae.
I: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae.

Front 44

Rotatores (Thoracis)

Back 44

O: Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae.
I: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae.

Front 45

Rotatores ( cervicis)

Back 45

O: Articular processes of cervical vertebrae.
I: Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae.

Front 46

Oblique Capitus Superior

Back 46

O: Transverse process of atlas (C1).
I: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines.
F: Extension of head and bends it to same side.

Front 47

Rectus capitus posterior major

Back 47

O: Spinous process of axis (C2)
I: Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line.
F: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle.

Front 48

Gluteus Maximus

Back 48

O: Fascia covering Gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament.
I: Posterior aspect of ilotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur.
F: Powerful exentsor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; laterally rotates and abducts thigh.

Front 49

Gluteus medius

Back 49

O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
I: elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.
F: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stace leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh.

Front 50

Rostral

Back 50

Toward the nose

Front 51

Oblique Capitus Superior

Back 51

O: Transverse process of atlas (C1).
I: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines.
F: Extension of head and bends it to same side.

Front 52

Buccal

Back 52

Cheek

Front 53

Rectus capitus posterior major

Back 53

O: Spinous process of axis (C2)
I: Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line.
F: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle.

Front 54

Mental

Back 54

chin

Front 55

Gluteus Maximus

Back 55

O: Fascia covering Gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament.
I: Posterior aspect of ilotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur.
F: Powerful exentsor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; laterally rotates and abducts thigh.

Front 56

Antecubital

Back 56

Region anterior to the elbow.

AKA the cubital region

Front 57

Gluteus medius

Back 57

O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
I: elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.
F: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stace leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh.

Front 58

Rostral

Back 58

Toward the nose

Front 59

Antebrachial

Back 59

Forearm

Front 60

Buccal

Back 60

Cheek

Front 61

Coxal

Back 61

Hip

Front 62

Mental

Back 62

chin

Front 63

Antecubital

Back 63

Region anterior to the elbow.

AKA the cubital region

Front 64

Antebrachial

Back 64

Forearm

Front 65

Coxal

Back 65

Hip

Front 66

Crural

Back 66

Leg (between knee and ankle)

Front 67

Inguinal

Back 67

Groin

Front 68

Aricular

Back 68

Ear

Front 69

Olecranon

Back 69

Posterior elbow

Front 70

Popliteal

Back 70

posterior knee

Front 71

Sural

Back 71

Calf

Front 72

Gliding motion

Back 72

2 opposing articular surfaces slide past each other in almost any direction with slight movement.

Front 73

Angular Motion

Back 73

The angle between articulation bones increases or decreases.

Front 74

Rotational Motion

Back 74

A bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis.

Front 75

Special Movements

Back 75

Types of movement that don't fit in previous categories.

Front 76

Dorsilflexion

Back 76

Ankle joint movement whereby the dorsum of the foot is brought closer to the anterior surface of the leg

Front 77

Plantarflexion

Back 77

Ankle joing movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought closer to the posterior surface of the leg.

Front 78

Opposition

Back 78

Special movement of the thumb across the palm toward the fingers to permit grasping and holding of an object.