Anatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Common name: Skull

Back 1

Cranial

Front 2

Common name: Mouth

Back 2

Oral

Front 3

Common name: Cheek

Back 3

Buccal

Front 4

Common name: Neck

Back 4

Cervical

Front 5

Common name: nape of neck

Back 5

Nuchal

Front 6

Common name: shoulder

Back 6

Acromial

Front 7

Common name: chest

Back 7

thoracic

Front 8

Common name: belly

Back 8

abdominal

Front 9

Common name: loin

Back 9

lumbar

Front 10

Common name:groin

Back 10

inguinal

Front 11

Common name: buttock

Back 11

vluteal

Front 12

Common name:pubis

Back 12

pubic

Front 13

Common name: armpit

Back 13

axillary

Front 14

Common name: arm

Back 14

brachial

Front 15

Common name: front of elbow

Back 15

antecubital

Front 16

Common name: elbow

Back 16

olecranal

Front 17

Common name: forearm

Back 17

antebrachial

Front 18

Common name:wrist

Back 18

carpal

Front 19

Common name:hand

Back 19

manus

Front 20

Common name: thigh

Back 20

femoral

Front 21

Common name: thigh

Back 21

femoral

Front 22

Common name: knee

Back 22

patellar

Front 23

Common name: back of knee

Back 23

popliteal

Front 24

Common name: leg

Back 24

crural

Front 25

Common name:ankle

Back 25

tarsal

Front 26

Common name: heel

Back 26

calcaneal

Front 27

Plane that cuts body into left and right portions

Back 27

Sagittal plane

Front 28

Body is separated left from right in equal portions

Back 28

midsagittal

Front 29

body is separated left from right in unequal portions

Back 29

parasagittal

Front 30

Plane that separates body into front and back

Back 30

Frontal plane

Front 31

Plane that cuts body in half top from bottom

Back 31

transverse plane

Front 32

Region refering to the front

Back 32

anterior or ventral

Front 33

Region refering towards the head

Back 33

cranial

Front 34

Region refering to the back

Back 34

posterior or dorsal

Front 35

Region refering to the higher level

Back 35

superior

Front 36

Region refering towards the tail

Back 36

caudal

Front 37

Region refering to a lower level

Back 37

inferior

Front 38

Region refering toward the midline

Back 38

medial

Front 39

Region refering away from the midline

Back 39

lateral

Front 40

Region refering toward the base

Back 40

proximal

Front 41

Region refering away from the base

Back 41

dismal

Front 42

Region refering towards the surface

Back 42

superfical

Front 43

Region refering towards the interior of the body

Back 43

deep

Front 44

Define tissue

Back 44

group of cells with similar structure and function

Front 45

Define and describe 3 characteristics of epithelial tissue

Back 45

1) cellularity - epi almost entirely composed of cells bound closely together. 2) Polarity - epi has a basal and apical end. 3) attachment all epi is attched at its basal end to connective tissue though the basal lamina. 4) avascular - epi has no blood supply of its own 5) arrangement - epi is arranged in sheets of one or more layers. 6) regenerative- epi is highly regenerative and continually looses and creates cells

Front 46

list 3 funcitions of epithelial tissue

Back 46

1) Provides physical protection 2) controls permeability provides a wall 3)sensory perception 4) specialized secreations

Front 47

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

Simple Squamous Epithelial

Back 47

1 layer, flat round, central nucleous, found in glomerolous of kidney

Front 48

Simple squamous epi found in the ventral body cavities

Back 48

mesothelium

Front 49

simple squamous eputhelium found in he lining of the heart and blood vessels

Back 49

endothelium

Front 50

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Back 50

1 layer, rounded square at apical end, centrally located nucleus, found in follicles of the thyroid gland

Front 51

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

Simple Columnar

Back 51

1 layer, column shaped, nucleus centrally to basally located, found in, found in the small intestine

Front 52

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi

Back 52

Apears to have multiple layers but actually only 1, variable nucleus locations, found in the male urethra

Front 53

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

Stratified squamous

Back 53

Multiple layers, centrally located nucleus, found surfaces of skin

Front 54

Describe and give location

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 54

Wet stratified layers of skin, Non keratinized is wet, should show a smoother apical end found in cheek and asophogus

Front 55

describe and give location

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 55

Dry stratified layers of skin, can see pieces breaking off looks like unravaling yarn string located in the dermis of the skin

Front 56

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Back 56

multiple layers, centrally located nucleous, surrounding ducts

Front 57

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

Stratified columnar epithelium

Back 57

May appear squamous or cuboidal at basal end but is clumnar at apical end, centrally located nucleous, can be found in the male prostate

Front 58

Describe the number of layers, shape at apical end, location of nucleus, and location in the body

transitional epithelium

Back 58

Found only in the bladder. When ballder is full they are distended when bladder is empty the collapse. apical end appears domelike

Front 59

Areolar Connective Tissue

Back 59

Contains thick collagen fibers, coiled elastic fibers, very thin reticular fibers, as well as fibroblasts wandering macrophages and adipocytes. Found in the papilary region of the dermis

Front 60

Adipose Connective Tissue

Back 60

Stores fat. most of cytoplasm of adipocyte cell is taken up by large fat vauole. nucleus is small and pushed to the edge. Located in Hypodermis

Front 61

Fat vacule stores ____ (energy for the body)

Back 61

Triglyceride

Front 62

Reticular connective Tissue

Back 62

Contains dark staining reticular fibers and dark staining cells called reticulocytes. Located in liver spleen and lymph nodes

Front 63

Dens Regular connective Tissue

Back 63

Densly packed collagen fibres flowing in paralell direction with regular patterns. dark staining nuclei identify firboblasts. Located in tendons and ligaments

Front 64

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Back 64

Irregular arrangement of collagen fibers with dark staining nuclei of fibroblasts. also includes blood vessels with red blood cells inside. located in the reticular layer of dermis

Front 65

Elastic Connective Tissue

Back 65

Closely packed collagen with irregular pattern similar to dense irregular connective tissue but includes dark staining elastic fibers as well as fibroblasts located in dermis of elastic skin

Front 66

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 66

large chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae. collagen fibres are very thin and cannot easily be identified in a scope (background looks smooth) Located in trachea, nose and rib cage

Front 67

Elastic cartilage

Back 67

Large chondrocytesinside lacune embeded in matrix of visable elastic fibers. (background is not smooth)

Front 68

Fibrocatrilage

Back 68

Collagen fibers ppear wavy, are abundant, and more visable than hyaline. Smaller condrocytes form in lines. Location intravertical discs

Front 69

Spongy Bone (Solid Connective Tissue)

Back 69

Light staning trabeculae looks like seaweed in ocean of dark staining dots that is bone marrow. Small osteyocytes sit in lacune. edge of trabeulae lined with cohondroblast

Front 70

Dry Ground Compact Bone

Back 70

Functional unit is OSTEON. Looks like or spider web. Central canal holds vessels. Arround Central (Haversian) cannal is the central lamellae. more rings radiate from central lamellae. connecting the lamellae are canaliculi. Canaliculi look like irritated eye ball. Iris is osteocyte inside lacunae with irritated canaliculi spreading from it. (or think of as spider osteocyte is body canaliculi legs)

Front 71

Concentric Lamellae

Back 71

Concentric Lamellae of a full formed Osteon surroun radiate outward from central (haversian) canal.

Front 72

Interstitial lamellae

Back 72

Lamellae of partially absorbed osteon located inbetween fully formed osteons.

Front 73

Circumfrential lamellae

Back 73

Lamellae that circumvents the bone. Part of the compact bone layer.